Atelier de formation, 2004: Conflits et la résolution des conflits

L’atelier de formation organisé par le Centre d’Études des Conflits et de la Paix de la Fondation (Centre for Conflict and Peace Studies – CCPS), pour l’année 2004, porte sur le thème ” Working with Conflict “. Cet atelier a pour but d’aider les participants à se familiariser avec les concepts utilisés en polémologie, à maîtriser les outils d’analyse des conflits et les méthodes appropriées dans l’établissement d’une stratégie et d’un plan d’action lors de l’intervention dans un conflit.

 

2004 TRAINING WORKSHOP ON CONFLICT AND CONFLICT RESOLUTION

Based on “WORKING WITH CONFLICT: Skills and Strategies for Action”, published by Responding to Conflict Agency, Zed Books & RTC 2000.

I. ANALYSIS

1. Understanding conflict: Towards a Conceptual framework

• Making sense of conflict
  (Perceptions, Conflict and violence)
• Addressing conflict
  (No conflict, Latent conflict, Open conflict, Surface conflict, Intensifying conflict, Escalating conflict, Suppressing conflict)
• Differing approaches: to manage, resolve or transform conflict
  (Conflict prevention, Conflict settlement, Conflict management, Conflict resolution, Conflict transformation)
• Theories about the causes of conflict
  (Community relations theory, Principled negotiation theory, Human needs theory, Identity theory, Intercultural miscommunication theory, Conflict transformation theory)
• Violence is more than behaviour: it also involves context and attitudes
  (Violence as context or structure, attitudes and values in relation to violence)
• Violence and non violence as ways of bringing about change
  (Coercive force, Total non violence, active non violence)
• Peace as a process
  (Peace-making, Peace-keeping, Peace-building)

2. Tools for Conflict Analysis

• Stages of conflict
  (Pre-conflict, Confrontation, Crisis, Outcome, Post-conflict)
• Timelines
  (Events, Dates)
• Conflict mapping
  (Parties, Relationships)
• The ABC triangle
  (Attitudes-Behaviour-Context)
• The Onion
  (Needs-Interests-Positions)
• The Conflict Tree
  (Core problem, Causes, Effects)
• Force-field analysis
  (Positive and negatives forces)
• Pillars
  (causes of instability)
• The Pyramid
  (Stake-holders, Grass roots, middle and top levels)

3. Critical Issues

• Power
  (Power through relationships, Power of veto, Hard and soft power, Sources of power, Power and accountability)
• Culture
  (Culture as a factor of conflict, Culture as a resource for peace-building, Culture, communication and disagreement, Human rights and culture, Religion and culture)
• Identity
  (Identity and conflict, Types of collective identity)
• Gender
  (Gender and conflict, Gender and violence)
• Rights
  (First-, second-, third-generation human rights, Basic rights, Rights and social relations, Rights and conflict)

II. STRATEGY

1. Building Strategies to Address Conflict

• Visions
  (Building and sharing)
• Multi-level triangles
  (Key actors within and between levels)
• Mapping for entry points
  (Blockages, Marginalisation, Structures, Issues)
• The Grid: ideas for work on conflict
  (Conflict management work, Peace education and training, Mutual understanding work, Support for marginalized groups, Anti-intimidation work, Cultural traditions work, Justice and rights work, Political options work, Sectors, locations and level of work)
• The Wheel
• Aid and conflict
• Mapping the impact of aid and development programmes on conflict
• The Strategy Circle

2. Influencing Policy

• The Values Tree: what you stand for
• Spectrum of strategic options
• A checklist for NGOs working in areas of conflict
• Assessing organisational capacity
• Helping individuals to change

III. ACTION

1. Intervening Directly in Conflict

• Non violence as an approach to conflict intervention
  (Concerns for goals and relationships, Avoiding, Controlling, Compromising, Accommodating, Problem-solving)
• Preparing for intervention
  (Identifying and changing approaches to conflict, Identifying and reducing prejudice)
• Awareness-raising and mobilisation for change
  (Lobbying, Campaigning, Non violent direct action)
• Prevention
  (Preventing escalation)
• Maintaining a presence
  (Unarmed protection, Monitoring and observing)
• Enabling a settlement
  (Confidence-building, Facilitating dialogue, Negotiation, Mediation, Arbitration)

2. Addressing the Consequences

• Post-war reconstruction: combining physical and social aspects
• Psychological reconstruction: Helping individuals to deal with the past
  (Trauma relief, Psychological debriefing)
• Social reconstruction: building relationships
  (Truth, Mercy, Justice, Reconciliation, Peace)

3. Working on the Social Fabric

• Education for peace and justice
• Promoting participation of people in decision-making
• Developing global governance

IV. LEARNING

Evaluation

• Impact assessment
• Indicators
• Key issues in evaluations