{"id":7780,"date":"2022-11-30T12:05:05","date_gmt":"2022-11-30T12:05:05","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/cpi-geneva.org\/fr\/?p=7780"},"modified":"2026-11-11T22:02:20","modified_gmt":"2026-11-11T22:02:20","slug":"religion-et-politique-dans-l-espace-public","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/cpi-geneva.org\/fr\/religion-et-politique-dans-l-espace-public\/","title":{"rendered":"Religion et politique dans l\u2019espace public"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Promouvoir la coexistence pacifique entre acteurs politiques aux visions du monde diff\u00e9rentes<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Qui sommes-nous\u202f?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Le projet a \u00e9t\u00e9 men\u00e9 conjointement par le Cordoba Peace Institute \u2013 Gen\u00e8ve (CPI) et le D\u00e9partement f\u00e9d\u00e9ral des affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res (DFAE) suisse. CPI \u0153uvre dans le domaine de la pr\u00e9vention de la violence, de la transformation des conflits et de la promotion de la paix. \u00c0 partir de 2011, \u00e0 la suite de la vague de soul\u00e8vements populaires en Afrique du Nord et en Asie occidentale, CPI s\u2019est attach\u00e9 \u00e0 accompagner les pays confront\u00e9s \u00e0 de profonds changements politiques et sociaux. L\u2019engagement du DFAE en faveur de la paix et de la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 figure parmi les quatre priorit\u00e9s de la Strat\u00e9gie de politique \u00e9trang\u00e8re de la Suisse 2016-2019, et l\u2019un de ses domaines d\u2019engagement sp\u00e9cifiques est la transformation des conflits violents \u00e0 dimension religieuse.<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-full\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/cpi-geneva.org\/fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2022\/11\/mosque_view_shore.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-7400\"><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Contexte<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">L\u2019interaction entre religion et politique dans l\u2019espace public reste au c\u0153ur de la transition politique, sept ans apr\u00e8s la vague de soul\u00e8vements qui a d\u00e9ferl\u00e9 sur la r\u00e9gion MENA en 2011. Ce bouleversement a \u00e9branl\u00e9 la vie politique, sociale et \u00e9conomique de l\u2019Afrique du Nord, avec des r\u00e9percussions sur le paysage de la participation politique.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">En Afrique du Nord, l\u2019un des principaux antagonismes id\u00e9ologiques oppose des acteurs politiques aux visions du monde diff\u00e9rentes, notamment la\u00efcs et islamistes. Si leurs divergences sont source de tensions depuis des d\u00e9cennies, l\u2019ouverture de l\u2019espace politique aux acteurs \u00e0 r\u00e9f\u00e9rence religieuse, la participation de nouveaux acteurs politiques salafistes et les progr\u00e8s rapides des partis proches des Fr\u00e8res musulmans en \u00c9gypte, en Tunisie et au Maroc ont ancr\u00e9 cette tension dans l\u2019espace public. Dans un contexte r\u00e9gional de transitions politiques fragiles, ces tensions risquaient de conduire \u00e0 des formes de gouvernement autoritaires, voire \u00e0 la violence et \u00e0 la guerre civile.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Pays<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-full\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/cpi-geneva.org\/fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2022\/11\/countries_participation_secularity.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-7401\"><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Affiliations<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-full\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/cpi-geneva.org\/fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2022\/11\/participants_affiliation.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-7402\"><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">D\u00e9marche et objectifs<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">En 2016 et 2017, CPI et le DFAE ont anim\u00e9 conjointement un processus inclusif visant \u00e0 explorer la possibilit\u00e9 d\u2019une coexistence entre diff\u00e9rents syst\u00e8mes de valeurs dans les soci\u00e9t\u00e9s d\u2019Afrique du Nord. Gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 la confidentialit\u00e9 qu\u2019il garantissait, ce processus a offert un espace s\u00fbr, physiquement et id\u00e9ologiquement, pour dialoguer et nouer des relations de travail, permettant aux groupes la\u00efcs comme islamistes d\u2019adopter une approche inclusive envers des acteurs aux visions du monde diff\u00e9rentes.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Le processus a r\u00e9uni des acteurs d\u2019horizons divers et aux visions du monde distinctes, venus de onze pays. Savants religieux, d\u00e9fenseurs des droits humains, responsables politiques du gouvernement et de l\u2019opposition, leaders d\u2019opinion et acteurs de la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 civile ont cherch\u00e9 ensemble \u00e0 \u00e9tablir un espace commun d\u2019actions concr\u00e8tes, dans lequel chacun puisse s\u2019engager dans le respect des diff\u00e9rents r\u00e9f\u00e9rentiels et id\u00e9ologies.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">R\u00e9sultats<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Les participants ont abord\u00e9 des questions \u00e9pineuses\u00a0: religion et politique dans l\u2019espace public, d\u00e9mocratie et <em>charia<\/em>, libert\u00e9 d\u2019expression et blasph\u00e8me, fondements de la citoyennet\u00e9. Les attitudes des participants ont ainsi \u00e9volu\u00e9, le dialogue et une compr\u00e9hension plus nuanc\u00e9e des positions de l\u2019autre ayant att\u00e9nu\u00e9 l\u2019antagonisme entre la\u00efcs et islamistes.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u00c0 l\u2019aide d\u2019outils conceptuels issus de la tradition islamique (la Charte de M\u00e9dine) et de la tradition occidentale (la th\u00e9orie de la justice de John Rawls), les participants ont su d\u00e9gager des possibilit\u00e9s de coop\u00e9ration dans un espace civique partag\u00e9.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-pullquote\"><blockquote><p><em><strong>La Charte de M\u00e9dine<\/strong> (vers 622 de l\u2019\u00e8re chr\u00e9tienne), r\u00e9dig\u00e9e par le Proph\u00e8te Muhammad, \u00e9tablissait un cadre de coexistence pacifique dans une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 diverse, compos\u00e9e d\u2019identit\u00e9s religieuses et tribales distinctes. <strong>La th\u00e9orie de la justice de John Rawls<\/strong> (1971) propose que la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 offre la libert\u00e9 \u00e0 tous ses membres, \u00e0 condition que la libert\u00e9 de l\u2019un ne limite pas celle d\u2019aucun autre.<\/em><\/p><p><cite><strong><em>The Medina Charter<\/em><\/strong><\/cite><\/p><\/blockquote><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Les t\u00e9moignages des participants font \u00e9tat d\u2019une \u00e9volution de leur propre regard sur \u00ab\u202fl\u2019autre\u202f\u00bb. Tr\u00e8s motiv\u00e9s par ces changements et par cette nouvelle perception, ils manifestent un vif d\u00e9sir de poursuivre le processus et de travailler ensemble sur des questions concr\u00e8tes. Les participants tunisiens et marocains ont recommand\u00e9 le lancement d\u2019initiatives dans leurs pays respectifs, avec le soutien de CPI et du DFAE. En Tunisie, une s\u00e9rie d\u2019espaces de m\u00e9diation entre islamistes et la\u00efcs vise \u00e0 apaiser les tensions id\u00e9ologiques et politiques et \u00e0 pr\u00e9server la jeune transition d\u00e9mocratique, en particulier en pr\u00e9venant la violence politique, qui recouvre aussi bien l\u2019exclusion de certains acteurs politiques, comme les salafistes participatifs, que la violence directe. Au Maroc, un processus s\u2019attaque \u00e0 la violence physique et aux affrontements fr\u00e9quents entre groupes \u00e9tudiants la\u00efcs et islamistes sur les campus universitaires, en construisant une compr\u00e9hension commune des racines de ce conflit et un m\u00e9canisme de m\u00e9diation inclusif.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">D\u00e9bats th\u00e9matiques<\/h2>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-full\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/cpi-geneva.org\/fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2022\/11\/thematic_discussions_secularity.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-7403\"><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Les participants \u00e0 ce processus ont publi\u00e9 un communiqu\u00e9 commun intitul\u00e9 \u00ab\u202fVers un espace commun d\u2019interaction et d\u2019action conjointe\u202f\u00bb, sign\u00e9 par 45 repr\u00e9sentants de onze pays. Il a d\u00e9montr\u00e9 que des acteurs aux visions du monde apparemment incompatibles peuvent se r\u00e9unir, d\u00e9battre de sujets controvers\u00e9s et comprendre des points de vue diff\u00e9rents, sans renoncer \u00e0 leurs propres valeurs. Il a \u00e9galement soulign\u00e9 l\u2019importance\u00a0:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2013 de garantir la confidentialit\u00e9, en offrant un espace s\u00fbr, physiquement et \u00e9motionnellement, propice \u00e0 un \u00e9change respectueux\u202f;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2013 de d\u00e9passer les d\u00e9bats id\u00e9ologiques pour se concentrer sur les aspects pratiques de la coexistence pacifique\u202f;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2013 d\u2019accepter que les divergences de visions du monde ne peuvent pas n\u00e9cessairement \u00eatre \u00ab\u202fr\u00e9solues\u202f\u00bb, mais plut\u00f4t concili\u00e9es.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ce processus de m\u00e9diation destin\u00e9 aux leaders d\u2019opinion, aux d\u00e9cideurs et aux militants de premier plan d\u2019Afrique du Nord a d\u00e9multipli\u00e9 ses effets en sensibilisant la communaut\u00e9 politique r\u00e9gionale et en favorisant la prise en compte, dans l\u2019espace public, d\u2019un \u00e9ventail plus repr\u00e9sentatif de visions du monde.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Pour aller plus loin<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"https:\/\/cpi-geneva.org\/fr\/memorandum-des-conclusions-des-experts-vers-un-espace-d-action-commun\/\">M\u00e9morandum des conclusions des experts\u00a0: vers un espace d\u2019action commun<\/a> (en anglais)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"https:\/\/cpi-geneva.org\/fr\/outils-conceptuels-coexistence-pacifique-acteurs-politiques\/\">Outils conceptuels pour la promotion de la coexistence pacifique entre acteurs politiques aux visions du monde diff\u00e9rentes<\/a> (en anglais)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"https:\/\/cpi-geneva.org\/fr\/interaction-religion-politique-espace-public\/\">L\u2019interaction entre religion et politique dans l\u2019espace public<\/a> (en anglais)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Informations compl\u00e9mentaires<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table class=\"has-fixed-layout\"><thead><tr><th class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">Pour en savoir plus sur le Cordoba Peace Institute \u2013 Gen\u00e8ve et ses activit\u00e9s\u00a0:<\/th><th class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">Contacts<br>Cordoba Peace Institute \u2013 Gen\u00e8ve<\/th><th>D\u00e9partement f\u00e9d\u00e9ral des affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tfoot><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\"><a href=\"http:\/\/www.cpi-geneva.org\" dir=\"auto\">Cordoba Peace Institute - Gen\u00e8ve<\/a><\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">info@cpi-geneva.org<br>T\u00e9l. +41 22 734 15 03<\/td><td>Direction politique \u2013 Division S\u00e9curit\u00e9 humaine<br><a href=\"mailto:pd-ams@eda.admin.ch\">pd-ams@eda.admin.ch<\/a><\/td><\/tr><\/tfoot><\/table><\/figure>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Promouvoir la coexistence pacifique entre acteurs politiques aux visions du monde diff\u00e9rentes Qui sommes-nous\u202f? Le projet a \u00e9t\u00e9 men\u00e9 conjointement par le Cordoba Peace Institute \u2013 Gen\u00e8ve (CPI) et le D\u00e9partement f\u00e9d\u00e9ral\u2026<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":6223,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[132],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-7780","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-cpi-20-twenty-years-in-the-service-of-peace"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v28.8 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Religion et politique dans l\u2019espace public | CPI-Gen\u00e8ve<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/cpi-geneva.org\/fr\/religion-et-politique-dans-l-espace-public\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fr_FR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Religion et politique dans l\u2019espace public | CPI-Gen\u00e8ve\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Promouvoir la coexistence pacifique entre acteurs politiques aux visions du monde diff\u00e9rentes Qui sommes-nous\u202f? 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