{"id":7630,"date":"2023-11-05T09:50:06","date_gmt":"2023-11-05T09:50:06","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/cpi-geneva.org\/fr\/?p=7630"},"modified":"2026-11-11T22:02:16","modified_gmt":"2026-11-11T22:02:16","slug":"revue-actualite-afghane-octobre-2023","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/cpi-geneva.org\/fr\/revue-actualite-afghane-octobre-2023\/","title":{"rendered":"Revue mensuelle de l\u2019actualit\u00e9 afghane \u2013 octobre 2023"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Ozair Khan<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dans le cadre du projet Fiqhi Pathways, mis en \u0153uvre conjointement par CPI-Gen\u00e8ve et la Division Paix et droits de l\u2019homme du DFAE, un dialogue est men\u00e9 avec des oul\u00e9mas d\u00e9obandis appartenant aux talibans ou proches d\u2019eux, ainsi qu\u2019au Pakistan, afin de promouvoir, par des \u00e9changes de dialogue fiqhi, une gouvernance conforme au droit international humanitaire et \u00e0 la jurisprudence islamique. Cette lettre mensuelle rend compte des discussions et des d\u00e9bats entre oul\u00e9mas sur les politiques de gouvernance des talibans, notamment en mati\u00e8re d\u2019\u00e9ducation, de politiques sociales, d\u2019art de gouverner et d\u2019institutions de gouvernance.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Une s\u00e9rie de s\u00e9ismes<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

L\u2019Afghanistan a malheureusement subi une s\u00e9rie de s\u00e9ismes en trois semaines, dont le plus fort a atteint une magnitude de 6,3 sur l\u2019\u00e9chelle de Richter, faisant plus de 1 000 victimes. Cette activit\u00e9 sismique a encore aggrav\u00e9 une situation d\u00e9j\u00e0 difficile. Les autorit\u00e9s estiment le co\u00fbt de la reconstruction \u00e0 pr\u00e8s de 100 millions de dollars, une somme qu\u2019il sera difficile de r\u00e9unir. [1]<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le sort des r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s afghans<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les relations tendues entre le Pakistan et l\u2019Afghanistan se sont encore d\u00e9grad\u00e9es. Le gouvernement pakistanais affirme que l\u2019\u00c9mirat islamique a permis au Tehrik-e-Taliban Pakistan (TTP), commun\u00e9ment appel\u00e9 talibans pakistanais, d\u2019utiliser le territoire afghan comme base pour pr\u00e9parer des attaques contre les forces pakistanaises. Le Pakistan accuse en outre des ressortissants afghans de participer \u00e0 ces attaques, affirmant que 14 des 24 attentats-suicides commis dans le pays l\u2019ont \u00e9t\u00e9 par des Afghans. En cons\u00e9quence, \u00e0 titre de mesure de s\u00e9curit\u00e9, les autorit\u00e9s pakistanaises ont d\u00e9cr\u00e9t\u00e9 le retour en Afghanistan des Afghans sans papiers r\u00e9sidant au Pakistan. Cette mesure est lourde de cons\u00e9quences, compte tenu du nombre consid\u00e9rable de r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s afghans au Pakistan, parmi lesquels environ 1,4 million de personnes d\u00e9pourvues de documents officiels. L\u2019Afghanistan et la communaut\u00e9 internationale ont critiqu\u00e9 cette d\u00e9cision, estimant qu\u2019elle nourrira le ressentiment et aggravera la m\u00e9fiance. [2]<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ancrage local contre ambition mondiale<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les talibans ont r\u00e9affirm\u00e9 que les attaques men\u00e9es par des Afghans contre l\u2019\u00c9tat pakistanais sont illicites et rel\u00e8vent d\u2019un faux djihad. Ils n\u2019ont pas non plus envoy\u00e9 de combattants en Palestine pour combattre Isra\u00ebl, ce qui souligne la tendance nationaliste fonci\u00e8re des talibans, que certains observateurs internationaux ne saisissent toujours pas. De m\u00eame, le TTP a r\u00e9p\u00e9t\u00e9 qu\u2019il ne visait que le Pakistan, \u00e0 l\u2019exclusion de tout autre acteur international. \u00c0 l\u2019inverse, l\u2019\u00c9tat islamique au Khorassan, fort de son ambition mondiale, a pris pour cible une mosqu\u00e9e chiite en Afghanistan [3] et a tu\u00e9 plusieurs oul\u00e9mas salafistes du c\u00f4t\u00e9 pakistanais de la fronti\u00e8re. [4]<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La volont\u00e9 du peuple<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

En qu\u00eate de l\u00e9gitimit\u00e9, le ministre de l\u2019Int\u00e9rieur par int\u00e9rim, Sirajuddin Haqqani, a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 \u00e0 des responsables de Kaboul que r\u00e9primer ceux qui ont des griefs envers l\u2019\u00c9mirat islamique n\u2019\u00e9tait pas une approche tenable \u00e0 long terme. [5] Ces propos font \u00e9cho \u00e0 ceux de Sher Mohammad Abbas Stanekzai, vice-ministre des Affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res, selon qui le pouvoir de l\u2019\u00c9mirat islamique d\u00e9pend de la volont\u00e9 du peuple. [6]<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dans cette recherche de l\u00e9gitimit\u00e9 aux yeux de la population, l\u2019\u00c9mirat islamique a d\u00e9cid\u00e9 de d\u00e9signer un repr\u00e9sentant charg\u00e9 de d\u00e9fendre les communaut\u00e9s hindoue et sikhe de Kaboul. Ce repr\u00e9sentant, Buljit Singh, si\u00e9gera au Conseil des repr\u00e9sentants des 22 districts municipaux de la ville de Kaboul, o\u00f9 son r\u00f4le principal consistera \u00e0 d\u00e9fendre les droits et les pr\u00e9occupations des hindous et des sikhs de la r\u00e9gion. [7]<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L\u2019importance de la Chine<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pour am\u00e9liorer ses perspectives \u00e9conomiques et sa position internationale, l\u2019autorit\u00e9 afghane de fait a d\u00e9p\u00each\u00e9 une d\u00e9l\u00e9gation technique en Chine pour participer au forum \u00ab\u202fUne ceinture, une route\u202f\u00bb. Nooruddin Azizi, ministre taliban du Commerce et de l\u2019Industrie par int\u00e9rim, a exprim\u00e9 le souhait de rejoindre le Corridor \u00e9conomique Chine-Pakistan et l\u2019initiative \u00ab\u202fCeinture et Route\u202f\u00bb. [8] L\u2019\u00c9mirat islamique a en outre \u00e9t\u00e9 invit\u00e9 par le ministre chinois des Affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res, Wang Yi, \u00e0 participer au Forum trans-himalayen pour la coop\u00e9ration internationale \u00e0 Nyingchi, au Tibet. Ce forum vise \u00e0 renforcer la coop\u00e9ration r\u00e9gionale sur diverses questions, dont le climat. Par ailleurs, le ministre des Affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res, Amir Khan Muttaqi, a rencontr\u00e9 en priv\u00e9 des responsables chinois pour consolider les liens bilat\u00e9raux. [9]<\/p>\n\n\n\n

R\u00e9f\u00e9rences<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[1] Afghan earthquake response exposes talibans inability<\/span><\/span> (site externe, s\u2019ouvre dans un nouvel onglet)<\/span><\/a> \u00b7 DW<\/span>
[2] Pakistans plan to evict thousands of afghans unacceptable says taliban<\/span><\/span> (site externe, s\u2019ouvre dans un nouvel onglet)<\/span><\/a> \u00b7 Al Jazeera<\/span>
Publication de @TOLOnews sur X<\/span><\/span> (site externe, s\u2019ouvre dans un nouvel onglet)<\/span><\/a>
[3] Casualties explosion hits shia mosque afghanistan<\/span><\/span> (site externe, s\u2019ouvre dans un nouvel onglet)<\/span><\/a> \u00b7 The Guardian<\/span>
[4] Publication de @khorasandiary sur X<\/span><\/span> (site externe, s\u2019ouvre dans un nouvel onglet)<\/span><\/a>
[5] TOLOnews<\/span><\/span> (site externe, s\u2019ouvre dans un nouvel onglet)<\/span><\/a>
[6] Publication de @TOLOnews sur X<\/span><\/span> (site externe, s\u2019ouvre dans un nouvel onglet)<\/span><\/a>
[7] Publication de @KblMunicipality sur X<\/span><\/span> (site externe, s\u2019ouvre dans un nouvel onglet)<\/span><\/a>
[8] \u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0646: \u0642\u0635\u062f \u062f\u0627\u0631\u06cc\u0645 \u0628\u0647\u200c\u0635\u0648\u0631\u062a \u0631\u0633\u0645\u06cc \u0628\u0647 \u0637\u0631\u062d \u00ab\u06cc\u06a9 \u06a9\u0645\u0631\u0628\u0646\u062f \u0648 \u06cc\u06a9 \u062c\u0627\u062f\u0647\u00bb \u0686\u06cc\u0646 \u0628\u067e\u06cc\u0648\u0646\u062f\u06cc\u0645<\/span><\/span> (site externe, s\u2019ouvre dans un nouvel onglet)<\/span><\/a> \u00b7 \u06f8\u0635\u0628\u062d<\/span>
[9] TOLOnews<\/span><\/span> (site externe, s\u2019ouvre dans un nouvel onglet)<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n\n

CPI n\u2019est pas responsable du contenu des sites externes.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Ozair Khan Dans le cadre du projet Fiqhi Pathways, mis en \u0153uvre conjointement par CPI-Gen\u00e8ve et la Division Paix et droits de l\u2019homme du DFAE, un dialogue est men\u00e9 avec des oul\u00e9mas\u2026<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":6394,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[140,4],"tags":[182],"class_list":["post-7630","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-asie","category-contributions","tag-afghanistan"],"yoast_head":"\nRevue mensuelle de l\u2019actualit\u00e9 afghane \u2013 octobre 2023 | CPI-Gen\u00e8ve<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/cpi-geneva.org\/fr\/revue-actualite-afghane-octobre-2023\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fr_FR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Revue mensuelle de l\u2019actualit\u00e9 afghane \u2013 octobre 2023 | CPI-Gen\u00e8ve\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Ozair Khan Dans le cadre du projet Fiqhi Pathways, mis en \u0153uvre conjointement par CPI-Gen\u00e8ve et la Division Paix et droits de l\u2019homme du DFAE, un dialogue est men\u00e9 avec des oul\u00e9mas\u2026\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/cpi-geneva.org\/fr\/revue-actualite-afghane-octobre-2023\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Cordoba Peace Institute - 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