{"id":7350,"date":"2024-01-24T20:03:40","date_gmt":"2024-01-24T20:03:40","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/cpi-geneva.org\/fr\/?p=7350"},"modified":"2026-11-11T22:02:15","modified_gmt":"2026-11-11T22:02:15","slug":"renforcer-la-cohesion-sociale-en-irak","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/cpi-geneva.org\/fr\/renforcer-la-cohesion-sociale-en-irak\/","title":{"rendered":"Renforcer la coh\u00e9sion sociale en Irak"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">par <strong>Ali Al-Ahmad<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">CPI travaille en Irak depuis 2017 sur deux questions cl\u00e9s : a) le droit de conna\u00eetre le sort des personnes disparues, et b) la r\u00e9int\u00e9gration et la coh\u00e9sion sociales, en particulier pour les r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s qui retournent en Irak apr\u00e8s avoir cherch\u00e9 refuge \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9tranger pendant l\u2019\u00e8re de Daech. Un <a href=\"https:\/\/cpi-geneva.org\/fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2024\/01\/Ali_Al-Ahmad_Social_Cohesion_Iraq_En.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"doc-link\" title=\"(PDF, 913 Ko)\">rapport sur les activit\u00e9s de CPI en Irak<\/a> est maintenant disponible.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Le rapport commence par un historique d\u00e9crivant le contexte politique et les causes du conflit sectaire en Irak, avec une attention particuli\u00e8re aux r\u00e9gions de Samarra, gouvernorat de Salaheddin, et de Talafar, gouvernorat de Ninive, les principaux lieux g\u00e9ographiques du travail de CPI. Il aborde ensuite le d\u00e9veloppement de plusieurs projets men\u00e9s par CPI, issus de sa Plateforme Moyen-Orient, cr\u00e9\u00e9e en 2015. Ces diff\u00e9rentes initiatives ont abouti aux projets ax\u00e9s sur l\u2019Irak men\u00e9s depuis 2017 et soutenus par le D\u00e9partement f\u00e9d\u00e9ral suisse des affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res (DFAE), la Deutsche Gesellschaft f\u00fcr Internationale Zusammenarbeit (GIZ) et le minist\u00e8re f\u00e9d\u00e9ral allemand des affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res (FFO).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">La question des personnes disparues en Irak est un fardeau important pour le pays et un obstacle \u00e0 la r\u00e9conciliation et \u00e0 la coh\u00e9sion sociale au-del\u00e0 du clivage sectaire. Pour r\u00e9soudre ce probl\u00e8me, CPI a men\u00e9 deux projets au cours des six derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es. Apr\u00e8s une exploration approfondie et la cr\u00e9ation d\u2019un r\u00e9seau avec des acteurs politiques et religieux en 2017, un projet pilote a \u00e9t\u00e9 lanc\u00e9 \u00e0 Samarra (financ\u00e9 par le DFAE suisse), afin d\u2019encourager la coh\u00e9sion sociale dans cette ville fortement polaris\u00e9e, si\u00e8ge de l\u2019un des plus importants sanctuaires chiites, avec une population \u00e0 majorit\u00e9 sunnite. Elle a \u00e9t\u00e9 au centre de tensions sectaires pendant de nombreuses ann\u00e9es, et le bombardement du sanctuaire en 2006 a marqu\u00e9 le d\u00e9but de la guerre civile. La question des personnes disparues parmi la population de la ville a rapidement fait l\u2019objet de tensions. La coop\u00e9ration entre les autorit\u00e9s de la ville, les chefs tribaux et religieux et les forces de mobilisation populaire a donn\u00e9 lieu \u00e0 un \u00e9change d\u2019informations au niveau local et a \u00e9galement permis de comprendre l\u2019ampleur du probl\u00e8me, non seulement \u00e0 Samarra, mais aussi \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9chelle nationale. Cela a permis de r\u00e9fl\u00e9chir \u00e0 la mani\u00e8re dont le probl\u00e8me pourrait \u00eatre trait\u00e9 \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9chelle du pays. En 2020, un nouveau projet a donc \u00e9t\u00e9 lanc\u00e9, financ\u00e9 par le FFO allemand, avec la participation d\u2019experts juridiques irakiens et le soutien des autorit\u00e9s religieuses (notamment la marja\u2019iyyah de Najaf) et des acteurs politiques, dans le but d\u2019\u00e9laborer une loi f\u00e9d\u00e9rale et un m\u00e9canisme donnant aux individus le droit d\u2019obtenir des informations sur leurs proches disparus. Les lois concern\u00e9es ont \u00e9t\u00e9 r\u00e9dig\u00e9es en 2020 et 2021 et pr\u00e9sent\u00e9es lors d\u2019une conf\u00e9rence organis\u00e9e par CPI \u00e0 Najaf en d\u00e9cembre 2021, en pr\u00e9sence de fonctionnaires, de dirigeants politiques et religieux et du public. Les lois ont depuis \u00e9t\u00e9 adopt\u00e9es par le gouvernement et fusionn\u00e9es en une seule loi qui attend maintenant d\u2019\u00eatre d\u00e9battue et approuv\u00e9e par le Parlement avant d\u2019\u00eatre mise en \u0153uvre.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">L\u2019autre objectif du travail de CPI au cours de cette p\u00e9riode a \u00e9t\u00e9 d\u2019encourager le retour des r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s et les efforts de coh\u00e9sion sociale entre ceux qui ont quitt\u00e9 le pays \u00e0 diff\u00e9rentes \u00e9tapes de la p\u00e9riode de l\u2019ISIS et ceux qui sont rest\u00e9s. Ce projet s\u2019est principalement d\u00e9roul\u00e9 dans la ville de Talafar, dans le gouvernorat de Ninive, qui compte une population majoritairement turkm\u00e8ne, dont beaucoup ont trouv\u00e9 refuge \u00e0 Ankara, en Turquie, lorsqu\u2019ils ont \u00e9t\u00e9 contraints de fuir soit pendant l\u2019avanc\u00e9e de l\u2019ISIS, soit pendant sa retraite. Talafar a subi de graves dommages pendant cette p\u00e9riode, ainsi que des traumatismes inflig\u00e9s \u00e0 sa population, et cette p\u00e9riode de conflit a provoqu\u00e9 d\u2019\u00e9normes niveaux de m\u00e9fiance entre les diff\u00e9rentes communaut\u00e9s, et entre ceux qui sont rest\u00e9s ou qui sont partis. Le projet initial de CPI en 2019-2020 (financ\u00e9 par la GIZ) concernait le secteur de l\u2019\u00e9ducation de Talafar et tentait de r\u00e9concilier les enseignants et les directeurs d\u2019\u00e9cole, dont certains avaient enseign\u00e9 sous le r\u00e9gime d\u2019ISIS et d\u2019autres l\u2019avaient quitt\u00e9. Diff\u00e9rents facteurs ont aliment\u00e9 la suspicion et la m\u00e9fiance entre ces deux groupes, et l\u2019objectif du projet \u00e9tait d\u2019encourager la compr\u00e9hension et la coh\u00e9sion sociale, dans l\u2019int\u00e9r\u00eat des enfants, des familles et de la population dans son ensemble. Ce projet a obtenu des r\u00e9sultats positifs, bien que les activit\u00e9s aient \u00e9t\u00e9 entrav\u00e9es par la pand\u00e9mie de COVID-19. Plus important encore, ce projet a d\u00e9montr\u00e9 les d\u00e9fis de la coh\u00e9sion sociale \u00e0 Talafar, ainsi que la n\u00e9cessit\u00e9 d\u2019encourager le retour des r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s et d\u2019assurer une r\u00e9int\u00e9gration ad\u00e9quate et une coexistence positive au sein de la population dans son ensemble. Cela a conduit aux initiatives financ\u00e9es par le FFO allemand dans le cadre des phases du projet qui ont eu lieu depuis 2020, et qui ont abouti au retour d\u2019un nombre important de r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s, \u00e0 leur r\u00e9int\u00e9gration r\u00e9ussie, et au d\u00e9veloppement de toute une s\u00e9rie d\u2019initiatives de coh\u00e9sion sociale. Celles-ci comprennent des activit\u00e9s culturelles, sportives et sociales, des ateliers pour les jeunes, les femmes et les familles, ainsi que des interactions avec le gouvernement, les chefs de tribus et d\u2019autres dirigeants. Ces activit\u00e9s ont servi de mod\u00e8le pour encourager la coh\u00e9sion sociale en g\u00e9n\u00e9ral, et CPI vise \u00e0 reproduire cette approche dans d\u2019autres villes. Une autre cons\u00e9quence de cette approche sera de faciliter la r\u00e9int\u00e9gration dans les communaut\u00e9s des rapatri\u00e9s des centres de d\u00e9tention transitoire (tels que le camp de Jed\u2019a 1).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 son travail en Irak, CPI a identifi\u00e9 et relev\u00e9 un certain nombre de d\u00e9fis et, en s\u2019appuyant sur les enseignements tir\u00e9s, entend continuer \u00e0 accompagner les efforts de r\u00e9conciliation et de coh\u00e9sion sociale apr\u00e8s le conflit. Ce travail est essentiel pour surmonter les traumatismes subis par les multiples communaut\u00e9s irakiennes et la m\u00e9fiance engendr\u00e9e par les derni\u00e8res d\u00e9cennies de conflit. Les r\u00e9sultats des projets men\u00e9s jusqu\u2019\u00e0 pr\u00e9sent sont encourageants et permettent d\u2019esp\u00e9rer que ces efforts peuvent conduire \u00e0 un Irak plus stable et plus coh\u00e9rent, capable de relever les d\u00e9fis des ann\u00e9es \u00e0 venir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"dl-list\"><a class=\"dl\" href=\"https:\/\/cpi-geneva.org\/fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2024\/01\/Ali_Al-Ahmad_Social_Cohesion_Iraq_En.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" type=\"application\/pdf\"><span class=\"dl__icon\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" width=\"22\" height=\"22\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.6\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"><path d=\"M12 5v11M7 11.5l5 5 5-5M6.5 19.5h11\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span><span class=\"dl__body\"><span class=\"dl__name\">T\u00e9l\u00e9charger l\u2019article<\/span> <span class=\"dl__meta\">(PDF, 913 Ko)<\/span><span class=\"screen-reader-text\"> (s\u2019ouvre dans un nouvel onglet)<\/span><\/span><\/a><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"dl-list\"><a class=\"dl\" href=\"https:\/\/cpi-geneva.org\/fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2024\/01\/Iraq_Track_-I_Refugees.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" type=\"application\/pdf\"><span class=\"dl__icon\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" width=\"22\" height=\"22\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.6\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"><path d=\"M12 5v11M7 11.5l5 5 5-5M6.5 19.5h11\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span><span class=\"dl__body\"><span class=\"dl__name\">T\u00e9l\u00e9charger l\u2019infographie sur le track I: Les r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s<\/span> <span class=\"dl__meta\">(PDF, 2,1 Mo)<\/span><span class=\"screen-reader-text\"> (s\u2019ouvre dans un nouvel onglet)<\/span><\/span><\/a><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"dl-list\"><a class=\"dl\" href=\"https:\/\/cpi-geneva.org\/fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2024\/01\/Iraq_Track_II_Missing_Persons.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" type=\"application\/pdf\"><span class=\"dl__icon\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" width=\"22\" height=\"22\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.6\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"><path d=\"M12 5v11M7 11.5l5 5 5-5M6.5 19.5h11\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span><span class=\"dl__body\"><span class=\"dl__name\">T\u00e9l\u00e9charger l\u2019infographie sur le track II: Les personnes disparues<\/span> <span class=\"dl__meta\">(PDF, 1,7 Mo)<\/span><span class=\"screen-reader-text\"> (s\u2019ouvre dans un nouvel onglet)<\/span><\/span><\/a><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>par Ali Al-Ahmad CPI travaille en Irak depuis 2017 sur deux questions cl\u00e9s : a) le droit de conna\u00eetre le sort des personnes disparues, et b) la r\u00e9int\u00e9gration et la coh\u00e9sion sociales,\u2026<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":7354,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[4,46,17],"tags":[180,177],"class_list":["post-7350","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-contributions","category-iraq","category-research-papers","tag-cohesion-sociale","tag-irak"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v28.8 - 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