{"id":653,"date":"2017-06-07T13:12:00","date_gmt":"2017-06-07T12:12:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/cpi-geneva.org\/fr\/2017\/06\/07\/the-cordoba-update-10-2017\/"},"modified":"2017-06-07T13:12:00","modified_gmt":"2017-06-07T12:12:00","slug":"the-cordoba-update-10-2017","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/cpi-geneva.org\/fr\/the-cordoba-update-10-2017\/","title":{"rendered":"The Cordoba Update 10\/2017"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><!-- {lofimg src=\"\/images\/stories\/Cordoba-Update_logo.jpg\"} --><\/p>\n<div><strong>23<sup>th<\/sup> May &#8211; 6<sup>th<\/sup> June 2017<br \/><\/strong><\/div>\n<div>Cordoba Foundation of Geneva<em><br \/><\/em><\/div>\n<p><!--more--><\/p>\n<style scoped=\"scoped\" type=\"text\/css\"><!--\ntd {\n\t\t\tbackground: #f5f4ef none repeat scroll 0 0;\n\t\t\tvertical-align: top;\n\t\t\tpadding: 6px 12px;\n\t\t}\n\t\ttd.cuintro {\n\t\t\tbackground: #F7FAFE none repeat scroll 0 0;\n\t\t}\n\t\tul {\n\t\t\tmargin: 0 0.5em 0 1em;\n\t\t\tpadding: 0;\n\t\t}\n\t\tli {\n\t\t\tmargin-bottom: 0;\n\t\t\tpadding-left: 9px;\n\t\t\ttext-align: left;\n\t\t}\n--><\/style>\n<div>\n<table border=\"0\" style=\"width: 100%; margin-bottom: 5px;\" cellspacing=\"4\" cellpadding=\"4\" align=\"center\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"cuintro\">\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\">The bi-weekly CORDOBA UPDATE is the product of continuous monitoring work, carried out by the Cordoba Foundation of Geneva team. By analysing and reporting on key events and trends in the Foundation&rsquo;s areas of interest, we aim to draw readers&rsquo; attention to pertinent developments in North Africa, the Sahel, West Asia and Europe, which are not always covered in &lsquo;mainstream&rsquo; media.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\">In addition to sharing news from these four regions, the Cordoba Update is an opportunity for the Foundation to provide regular updates on its publications, events and other developments.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\">In line with the programmes and projects funded by partners of the Cordoba Foundation of Geneva, updates and information are included under the following themes:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\">Islamist-Secular relations;<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\">Transition and Political participation;<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\">Relations between communities of different ethnic, cultural and religious affiliations;<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\">Violent extremism and the war on terror;<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\">The Cordoba Foundation of Geneva in the media;<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\">General information.<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\"><br \/><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\">For questions and\/or feedback regarding the content and form of the Cordoba Update, please contact Sarah Franck: <a href=\"mailto:sarah.franck@cordoue.ch\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">sarah.franck@cordoue.ch<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<hr style=\"border-top: 1px solid #cccccc; border-bottom: none; width: 50%; margin: auto;\" \/>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\">Le CORDOBA UPDATE est un bimensuel qui pr&eacute;sente le travail continu de suivi r&eacute;alis&eacute; par l&rsquo;&eacute;quipe de la Fondation Cordoue de Gen&egrave;ve. Par l&rsquo;analyse des &eacute;v&eacute;nements et tendances qui concernent les domaines d&rsquo;int&eacute;r&ecirc;t de la Fondation, nous visons &agrave; attirer l&rsquo;attention de nos lecteurs sur les d&eacute;veloppements pertinents en Afrique du Nord, dans le Sahel, en Asie de l&rsquo;Ouest et en Europe, une actualit&eacute; qui n&rsquo;est pas toujours couverte dans les m&eacute;dias dits &lsquo;traditionnels&rsquo;.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\">Outre le partage de l&rsquo;actualit&eacute; de ces quatre r&eacute;gions, le &laquo; Cordoba Update &raquo; est un moyen pour la Fondation de fournir des mises &agrave; jour r&eacute;guli&egrave;res sur ses publications, &eacute;v&eacute;nements et autres d&eacute;veloppements.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\">En accord avec les programmes et projets financ&eacute;s par les partenaires de la Fondation Cordoue de Gen&egrave;ve, les mises &agrave; jour et informations concernent les th&egrave;mes suivants :<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\">Relations islamistes-s&eacute;culiers ;<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\">Transition et participation politique ;<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\">Relations entre communaut&eacute;s de diff&eacute;rentes affiliations ethniques, culturelles et religieuses ;<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\">L&rsquo;extr&eacute;misme violent et la guerre contre le terrorisme ;<br \/><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\">La Fondation Cordoue de Gen&egrave;ve dans les m&eacute;dias ;<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\">Information g&eacute;n&eacute;rale.<br \/><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\">Pour des questions et \/ ou des commentaires concernant le contenu et la forme du Cordoba Update, veuillez contacter Sarah Franck : <a href=\"mailto:sarah.franck@cordoue.ch\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">sarah.franck@cordoue.ch<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<p><span style=\"color: #902323;\"><strong>TRANSITION AND POLITICAL PARTICIPATION \/ TRANSITION ET PARTICIPATION POLITIQUE<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p><strong>Egypt, 29.05.17: Egypt Issues NGO Law, Cracking Down on Dissent<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Egypt issued a new law on Monday, May 29, 2017, that regulates the work of non-governmental organizations, a measure seen by rights groups as the latest sign of a growing crackdown on dissent against Abdel Fattah al-Sisi. According to Reuters, human rights groups and activists say the law in effect bans their work and makes it harder for charities to operate. The measure restricts NGO activity to developmental and social work and introduces jail terms of up to five years for non-compliance. It gives Egypt&rsquo;s 46,000 NGOs one year to comply or face being dissolved by a court. Egyptian rights activists say they face the worst crackdown in their history under Sisi, accusing him of erasing freedoms won in the 2011 Arab Spring uprising that ended Hosni Mubarak&rsquo;s 30-year rule.<\/p>\n<p>The European Union issued a statement on the new NGO law in Egypt saying, \u00ab\u00a0We therefore expect the Egyptian government to fully implement and uphold all the guarantees stipulated in the Egyptian Constitution and in international law and standards regarding freedom of expression and association, and the Egyptian authorities to apply the new law in a way that does not intimidate, restrict or criminalize peaceful human rights civil society organizations and their members.\u00a0\u00bb<\/p>\n<p>Egypt has also blocked access to at least 21 news sites critical of the government, notably the Qatari channel Al-Jazeera, Huffington Post&rsquo;s Arabic-language site HuffPost Arabi and the independent website Mada Masr. The state-run news agency Mena announced that 21 websites had been blocked because they were \u00ab\u00a0spreading lies\u00a0\u00bb and \u00ab\u00a0supporting terrorism\u00a0\u00bb. In addition, former presidential candidate Khaled Ali was summoned for questioning amid a series of police raids targeting members of political groups and parties that has included over 30 arrests in recent days.<\/p>\n<p>Noah Feldman wrote that the increasingly totalitarian moves by Abdel-Fattah El-Sisi, who has just enacted a new law giving him control of nongovernmental organizations in his country, shouldn&rsquo;t be pinned on his chumminess with U.S. President Donald Trump. He added that \u00ab\u00a0the true cause of Sisi&rsquo;s suppression of dissent, including the new restrictions on human-rights groups and other charities, is simply that there&rsquo;s no one left in the country with the capacity to balance him. And that&rsquo;s a result of the disastrous decision by a part of the Egyptian public to turn against democratically elected leaders, however badly they were doing, and embrace the military.\u00a0\u00bb<\/p>\n<p>Saskia Brechenmacher, an associate fellow in Carnegie&rsquo;s Democracy and Rule of Law Program, wrote that civil society organizations worldwide are facing systematic efforts to reduce their legitimacy and effectiveness. In Egypt, she argued \u00ab\u00a0Abdel Fattah el-Sisi&rsquo;s regime has used sweeping antiterrorism and antiprotest measures to institutionalize previously extrajudicial practices. Egyptian authorities have targeted human rights groups with travel bans, asset freezes, and legal harassment, while local development and civic initiatives struggle to access resources for their work. In parallel, the regime has escalated the use of enforced disappearances and detentions of activists, dissidents, and suspected Muslim Brotherhood supporters.\u00a0\u00bb<\/p>\n<p><em>Links for more information:<\/em><br \/><a href=\"http:\/\/mobile.reuters.com\/article\/idUSKBN18P1OL\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">http:\/\/mobile.reuters.com\/article\/idUSKBN18P1OL<\/a><br \/><a href=\"https:\/\/eeas.europa.eu\/headquarters\/headquarters-homepage\/27183\/statement-new-ngo-law-egypt_en\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/eeas.europa.eu\/headquarters\/headquarters-homepage\/27183\/statement-new-ngo-law<\/a><br \/><a href=\"https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2017\/may\/25\/egypt-blocks-access-news-websites-al-jazeera-mada-masr-press-freedom\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2017\/may\/25\/egypt-blocks-access-news-websites<\/a><br \/><a href=\"https:\/\/www.madamasr.com\/en\/2017\/05\/22\/feature\/politics\/arrests-of-political-opposition-continues-former-presidential-candidate-khaled-ali-summoned-for-questioning\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/www.madamasr.com\/en\/2017\/05\/22\/feature\/politics\/arrests-of-political-opposition-continues<\/a><br \/><a href=\"https:\/\/www.bloomberg.com\/view\/articles\/2017-05-31\/egypt-can-only-blame-itself-for-president-s-crackdown\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/www.bloomberg.com\/view\/articles\/2017-05-31\/egypt-can-only-blame-itself<\/a><br \/><a href=\"http:\/\/carnegieendowment.org\/2017\/05\/18\/civil-society-under-assault-repression-and-responses-in-russia-egypt-and-ethiopia-pub-69953\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">http:\/\/carnegieendowment.org\/2017\/05\/18\/civil-society-under-assault<\/a><\/p>\n<p><strong>Lebanon, 07.06.17: Hariri: An amnesty bill will soon be issued to bring justice to all<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>During a Souhour held in the northern area of Minieh last Sunday, Prime Minister Saad Hariri stressed that an amnesty law will be issued as soon as possible to do justice to all detainees.<\/p>\n<p>\u00ab\u00a0There are people from Minieh among the detainees and I promise you that we will issue an amnesty law as soon as possible to do justice to all,\u00a0\u00bb said Hariri in a speech during the Souhour. \u00ab\u00a0We are repeating ourselves when we say that this region was unfairly treated on the development level in the past, and that there is an ongoing attempt to inflict greater injustice on it by attempting to portray it as an area of extremism, especially after the incidents of Bhanin, although the people of Minieh has nothing to do with them. On the contrary they supported the state, the Lebanese Army and the legal security forces, just as the people of Bhanin and Minieh supported the Lebanese army during the Nahr al-Bared incidents,\u00a0\u00bb added the PM.<\/p>\n<p>The issue of the Islamic detainees, whose roots date back for least a decade, to the 2007 Nahr al-Bared Lebanon conflict, concerns about 400 people, mostly without trial, on charges of assaulting the army, violating security, or associating with groups usually included in terrorist organizations, related to the events of the Nahr al-Bared camp and what preceded and followed. The 2007 Lebanon conflict had begun when fighting broke out between Fatah al-Islam, an Islamist militant organization, and the Lebanese Armed Forces (LAF) on May 20, 2007 in Nahr al-Bared, an UNRWA Palestinian refugee camp near Tripoli.<\/p>\n<p>It was the most severe internal fighting since Lebanon&rsquo;s 1975&ndash;90 civil war. The conflict revolved mostly around the siege of Nahr el-Bared, but minor clashes also occurred in the Ain al-Hilweh refugee camp in southern Lebanon and several terrorist bombings took place in and around Lebanon&rsquo;s capital, Beirut. Fighting ended in September 2007.<\/p>\n<p>It is no longer a secret that this issue of the Islamic detainees came under the spotlight when it was discussed at the meeting held by the Supreme Council of Defense at the Palace of Baabda a while ago under the chairmanship of President Aoun.<\/p>\n<p>While recognizing and stigmatizing \u00ab\u00a0the oppression of the Syrian people in Syria\u00a0\u00bb, the head of government warned the inhabitants of North Lebanon against \u00ab\u00a0the temptation to join the extremist movements under the pretext of supporting the persecuted Syrian brothers or hiding behind religious slogans for irresponsible purposes \u00ab\u00a0. He called \u00ab\u00a0every responsible citizen\u00a0\u00bb to \u00ab\u00a0warn young people against radicalization and warn them against the danger of integrating extremist groups that use Islam to accomplish their disastrous goals.\u00a0\u00bb \u00ab\u00a0I know your suffering and understand your feelings,\u00a0\u00bb Hariri told the parents of Islamist prisoners. \u00ab\u00a0I pledge to you to enact as soon as possible an amnesty law that gives everyone his right,\u00a0\u00bb he declared, affirming his willingness \u00ab\u00a0to collaborate with the Head of State, Michel Aoun, to help Islamist detainees within the limits of the law \u00ab\u00a0.<\/p>\n<p>The amnesty law is a legislative act that stops the public prosecution of an accused person, revokes the sentence pronounced against him, or puts an end to the execution of the punishment he is serving.<\/p>\n<p><em>For further information:<\/em><br \/><a href=\"https:\/\/www.lorientlejour.com\/article\/1055600\/hariri-sengage-a-accelerer-ladoption-dune-loi-damnistie.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/www.lorientlejour.com\/article\/1055600\/hariri-sengage<\/a><br \/><a href=\"http:\/\/www.lebanonfiles.com\/news\/1191754\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">http:\/\/www.lebanonfiles.com\/news\/1191754<\/a><br \/><a href=\"http:\/\/www.naharnet.com\/stories\/en\/230949\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">http:\/\/www.naharnet.com\/stories\/en\/230949<\/a><br \/><a href=\"http:\/\/www.naharnet.com\/stories\/en\/230260\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">http:\/\/www.naharnet.com\/stories\/en\/230260<\/a><br \/><a href=\"https:\/\/english.aawsat.com\/youssef-diab\/news-middle-east\/lebanese-terrorist-inmates-go-hunger-strike-demanding-general-amnesty\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/english.aawsat.com\/youssef-diab\/news-middle-east\/lebanese-terrorist-inmates-go-hunger-strike<\/a><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #902323;\"><strong>RELATIONS BETWEEN COMMUNITIES OF DIFFERENT ETHNIC, CULTURAL AND RELIGIOUS AFFILIATIONS \/ <br \/>RELATIONS ENTRE COMMUNAUT&Eacute;S DE DIFF&Eacute;RENTES AFFILIATIONS ETHNIQUES, CULTURELLES ET RELIGIEUSES<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p><strong>Mali, 06.06.17: La CMA cautionne le retour de l&rsquo;arm&eacute;e et des institutions maliennes &agrave; Kidal<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>En perspective du referendum constitutionnel, pr&eacute;vu le 09 juillet 2017 pour ent&eacute;riner les amendements constitutionnels int&eacute;grant les points pr&eacute;vus &agrave; l&rsquo;Accord d&rsquo;Alger de 2015, d&rsquo;immenses tractations seraient en cours &agrave; Bamako. Des responsables de la Coordination des mouvements de l&rsquo;Azawad (ex-r&eacute;bellion) et la Plateforme (pro-Bamako) ont tenu des r&eacute;unions pour coordonner leurs positions. Ayant convenu de mettre en place deux commissions de travail, ils envisagent d&rsquo;entamer, ensemble, un large travail de sensibilisation au nord Mali et dans les camps de r&eacute;fugi&eacute;s en Mauritanie, au Burkina et au Niger pour convaincre leurs compatriotes de l&rsquo;importance de participer au referendum pour faire valoir leurs revendications de mani&egrave;re consensuelle et pacifique.<\/p>\n<p>C&rsquo;est dans ce cadre, &eacute;galement, qu&rsquo;ont eu lieu une s&eacute;rie de contacts men&eacute;s en commun avec de hauts responsables maliens afin de pr&eacute;parer les conditions favorables &agrave; l&rsquo;organisation du referendum partout au Mali, Kidal compris, une r&eacute;gion jusqu&rsquo;&agrave; pr&eacute;sent contr&ocirc;l&eacute;e par la CMA et o&ugrave; l&rsquo;Etat malien n&rsquo;&eacute;tait plus pr&eacute;sent depuis l&rsquo;occupation de la zone par les groupes arm&eacute;s en 2012.<\/p>\n<p>Ainsi, le Ministre des Droits de l&rsquo;homme et de la R&eacute;forme de l&rsquo;Etat, Ma&icirc;tre Kassoum Tapo a re&ccedil;u, le 07 juin 2017 deux hauts responsables de la CMA et de la Plateforme. A la sortie de la rencontre, le Pr&eacute;sident de la CMA, Brahim Ould Sidatt a d&eacute;clar&eacute; &agrave; la presse : &laquo; Nous avons un chronogramme, une ambition, nous sommes en train de travailler avec le gouvernement pour amener les autorit&eacute;s int&eacute;rimaires aussi bien que le gouverneur et toutes les institutions &eacute;tatiques &agrave; Kidal. On s&rsquo;est fix&eacute; le 20 juin. Mais est ce que nous allons y parvenir ? Nous mettrons toute notre force pour pouvoir y arriver&#8230; Il n&rsquo;y aura pas de diff&eacute;rence entre Kidal et les autres r&eacute;gions du Mali &raquo;.<\/p>\n<p>Lors d&rsquo;une r&eacute;cente interview accord&eacute;e &agrave; la cha&icirc;ne Al Jazeera, le Pr&eacute;sident Ibrahim Boubacar Keita avait accus&eacute; les groupes du nord, notamment la CMA, de mauvaise foi, ce qui, &agrave; son avis, a longtemps constitu&eacute; une entrave devant la mise en &oelig;uvre de l&rsquo;Accord d&rsquo;Alger, sign&eacute; il y a deux ans d&eacute;j&agrave;.<\/p>\n<p>D&rsquo;autre part, le 07 juin 2017 des militants d&rsquo;organisations de la soci&eacute;t&eacute; civile de Gao (nord) ont bloqu&eacute; l&rsquo;acc&egrave;s des camions aux entr&eacute;es sud de la ville. Une semaine auparavant, les militants avaient pr&eacute;venu qu&rsquo;ils entameraient une telle action si leurs revendications n&rsquo;&eacute;taient pas satisfaites au 7 juin, &agrave; savoir le d&eacute;part du gouverneur de Gao et la lev&eacute;e des restrictions de circulation pour les camions mises en place fin avril sur l&rsquo;axe Niamey-Gao, l&rsquo;une des principales routes d&rsquo;approvisionnement de la ville. Gao qui a &eacute;t&eacute; partiellement paralys&eacute;e a vu la manifestation se d&eacute;rouler, globalement, dans le calme.<\/p>\n<p><em>Liens pour plus d&rsquo;informations :<\/em><br \/><a href=\"http:\/\/malijet.com\/a_la_une_du_mali\/187650-ibrahim_ould_sidatti_travaillons_gouvernement.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">http:\/\/malijet.com\/a_la_une_du_mali\/187650<\/a><br \/><a href=\"http:\/\/www.maliweb.net\/la-situation-politique-et-securitaire-au-nord\/ibrahim-ould-sidatti-responsable-de-cma-travaillons-gouvernement-malien-amener-institutions-etatiques-a-kidal-dici-20-juin-2307972.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">http:\/\/www.maliweb.net\/la-situation-politique-et-securitaire-au-nord\/ibrahim-ould-sidatti<\/a><br \/><a href=\"http:\/\/www.maliweb.net\/la-situation-politique-et-securitaire-au-nord\/retard-mise-oeuvre-de-laccord-ibk-accuse-cma-recuse-2305612.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">http:\/\/www.maliweb.net\/la-situation-politique-et-securitaire-au-nord\/retard-mise-oeuvre-de-laccord<\/a><br \/><a href=\"http:\/\/www.maliweb.net\/la-situation-politique-et-securitaire-au-nord\/mali-manifestation-a-gao-depart-gouverneur-2307702.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">http:\/\/www.maliweb.net\/la-situation-politique-et-securitaire-au-nord\/mali-manifestation-a-gao<\/a><br \/><a href=\"http:\/\/www.maliweb.net\/politique\/assemblee-nationale\/projet-de-revision-constitutionnelle-grande-marche-de-contestation-prevue-jeudi-a-bamako-2302142.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">http:\/\/www.maliweb.net\/politique\/assemblee-nationale\/projet-de-revision-constitutionnelle<\/a><br \/><a href=\"http:\/\/news.abamako.com\/h\/162819.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">http:\/\/news.abamako.com\/h\/162819<\/a><br \/><a href=\"http:\/\/news.abamako.com\/h\/162818.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">http:\/\/news.abamako.com\/h\/162818<\/a><\/p>\n<p><strong>Suisse-Europe, 07.06.17: Comment appr&eacute;hender diff&eacute;remment le ph&eacute;nom&egrave;ne de l&rsquo;extr&eacute;misme violent aujourd&rsquo;hui ?<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>La r&eacute;cente attaque du London Bridge &agrave; Londres vient une nouvelle fois soulever la question des moyens d&rsquo;appr&eacute;hender le ph&eacute;nom&egrave;ne de l&rsquo;extr&eacute;misme violent de mani&egrave;re efficace et pragmatique, en consid&eacute;rant non pas uniquement l&rsquo;aspect s&eacute;curitaire et de court terme mais &eacute;galement la dimension humaine sous-jacente et les frustrations individuelles.<\/p>\n<p>Dans ce contexte, les r&eacute;sultats d&rsquo;une &eacute;tude men&eacute;e par Florent Bielmann sur le parcours de dix &laquo; djihadistes &raquo; suisses ont &eacute;t&eacute; pr&eacute;sent&eacute;s &agrave; l&rsquo;occasion de la soutenance de master de ce dernier, le 6 mai 2017 au Global Studies Institute (GSI) de l&rsquo;Universit&eacute; de Gen&egrave;ve. Florent Bielmann, &eacute;tudiant en master &agrave; l&rsquo;Universit&eacute; de Berne et analyste &agrave; l&rsquo;Office f&eacute;d&eacute;ral de la police (fedpol), supervis&eacute; par Fr&eacute;d&eacute;ric Esposito, politologue au GSI et directeur de l&rsquo;Observatoire universitaire de la s&eacute;curit&eacute; &agrave; l&rsquo;Universit&eacute; de Gen&egrave;ve, a retrac&eacute; le parcours de dix individus qualifi&eacute;s de &laquo; djihadistes suisses &raquo;. Le profilage des individus est une technique qui a certes un certain int&eacute;r&ecirc;t mais dont la logique &agrave; court terme tend &agrave; ne pas r&eacute;soudre les r&eacute;els probl&egrave;mes de fonds. La construction d&rsquo;un profil type est une utopie tant les variations entre individus sont grandes et les motifs de ralliement vari&eacute;s. Cette &eacute;tude tente toutefois de se distinguer par le fait qu&rsquo;elle vient d&eacute;construire certains pr&eacute;jug&eacute;s construits au fil du temps par des &eacute;tudes ayant d&eacute;sign&eacute;s, comme acquis, certaines caract&eacute;ristiques types de personnes s&rsquo;&eacute;tant extr&eacute;mis&eacute;es. Elle met en outre en avant un point important des m&eacute;canismes d&rsquo;extr&eacute;misation, qui n&rsquo;avait que peu &eacute;t&eacute; &eacute;voqu&eacute; par les pr&eacute;c&eacute;dentes &eacute;tudes, &agrave; savoir l&rsquo;influence des r&eacute;seaux. En effet, comme le souligne Frederic Esposito dans un entretien accord&eacute; &agrave; la Radiot&eacute;l&eacute;vision Suisse (RTS), si internet joue effectivement un r&ocirc;le il aurait plut&ocirc;t un r&ocirc;le de multiplicateur. Les conditions de vie des individus sur le plan social, &eacute;conomique, culturel, spirituel, entre autres, associ&eacute;es &agrave; la nature des liens entretenus avec des membres de ces groupes extr&eacute;mistes dans leur environnement r&eacute;el, sont des donn&eacute;es fondamentales afin de mieux appr&eacute;hender les ph&eacute;nom&egrave;nes de recrutement et embrigadement dans des m&eacute;canismes extr&ecirc;mes. Si cette &eacute;tude met en avant cet &eacute;l&eacute;ment et, selon Fr&eacute;d&eacute;ric Esposito, permet de rendre compte de la complexit&eacute; du ph&eacute;nom&egrave;ne qu&rsquo;il nomme &laquo; radicalisation &raquo;, un des dangers d&rsquo;une telle approche par profilage reste le risque d&rsquo;une construction de g&eacute;n&eacute;ralit&eacute;s vis-&agrave;-vis de ce qui pourrait &ecirc;tre d&eacute;fini comme le &laquo; terroriste type &raquo;. Tout arch&eacute;type &eacute;tant par d&eacute;finition construit. L&rsquo;important n&rsquo;est pas uniquement de cerner qui mais de comprendre pourquoi et comment les individus, dans toute leur diversit&eacute;, s&rsquo;engagent dans ces mouvements.<\/p>\n<p>Comme mentionn&eacute; pr&eacute;c&eacute;demment, l&rsquo;&eacute;tude a soulign&eacute; le r&ocirc;le des r&eacute;seaux dans l&rsquo;environnement r&eacute;el des individus et en effet, le groupe dans toutes ses dimensions (valeurs, normes, identit&eacute;, id&eacute;ologie, entre autres) joue un r&ocirc;le majeur. Comme le souligne le Dr. Shiraz Maher, directeur ex&eacute;cutif du International Center for the Study of Radicalisation (ICSR) et le Prof. Peter Neumann, directeur de ce m&ecirc;me centre, dans l&rsquo;article de la BBC intitul&eacute; &laquo; London attack: How are UK extremists radicalised? &raquo;, on sait aujourd&rsquo;hui qu&rsquo;internet est un facteur d&rsquo;importance, dans la mesure o&ugrave; il contribue &agrave; la d&eacute;finition du groupe extr&eacute;miste violent comme un label viable et exportable, mais il ne remplacerait toutefois pas le charme et l&rsquo;aura d&rsquo;un recruteur international. Cet article &eacute;voque notamment la figure de M. Jibril, cheikh am&eacute;ricano-palestinien bas&eacute; dans le Michigan qui, par exemple, ne demanderait pas ouvertement &agrave; ses adeptes de choisir la violence mais adopterait la posture d&rsquo;un id&eacute;ologue en leur demandant de soutenir les principes de l&rsquo;opposition arm&eacute;es contre Bashar Al Assad, tout en les culpabilisant de ne pas choisir le combat. Les auteurs argumentent enfin que le basculement du ralliement id&eacute;ologique &agrave; la pratique de la violence extr&ecirc;me r&eacute;side dans le r&ocirc;le jou&eacute; par les r&eacute;seaux sociaux dits &laquo; offline &raquo;, par exemple &laquo; al-muhajiroun &raquo;, un des r&eacute;seaux propagandistes de la rh&eacute;torique djihadiste violente les plus &eacute;tendus et efficaces, notamment en Europe.<\/p>\n<p>Selon Jesse Morton, ancien recruteur pour Al-Qa&iuml;da et reconverti comme informateur pour le FBI, il semblerait aussi que les logiques d&rsquo;actions violentes et les m&eacute;canismes propres &agrave; la responsabilisation des individus au sein des groupes aient mut&eacute;s. Dans une vid&eacute;o publi&eacute;e sur le site du New York Times, il admet avoir &eacute;t&eacute; extr&ecirc;mement surpris d&rsquo;apprendre que Khuram Shazad, l&rsquo;un des assaillants de l&rsquo;attaque du London Bridge, &eacute;tait pass&eacute; &agrave; l&rsquo;action violente extr&ecirc;me dans son pays natal. Alors recruteur pour Al-Qa&iuml;da, il avait &eacute;t&eacute; en contact avec ce dernier et selon lui, il ne repr&eacute;sentait pas une figure cl&eacute; du mouvement. Il le d&eacute;crit comme un &laquo; sympathisant &raquo; et &laquo; partisan &raquo; de la cause. Suite &agrave; son arrestation, le nouvel indicateur pour le FBI note l&rsquo;influence accrue que Khuram Shazad gagne au sein du r&eacute;seau &laquo; al-muhajiroun &raquo;, jusqu&rsquo;&agrave; devenir une des figures les plus actives du r&eacute;seau. Toutefois, c&rsquo;est un choc lorsqu&rsquo;il voit ensuite la photo de Khuram Shazad &agrave; la t&eacute;l&eacute;vision, suite aux attentats. En effet, il est extr&ecirc;mement rare selon lui qu&rsquo;une figure publique fasse le choix de la violence extr&ecirc;me dans son pays natal, une action qu&rsquo;il conceptualise par le terme domestic active terrorism, alors qu&rsquo;il n&rsquo;est pas rare selon lui que ces individus s&rsquo;engagent dans des actions violentes &agrave; l&rsquo;&eacute;tranger, par exemple en Syrie. La nouveaut&eacute; r&eacute;side dans le fait que ce soit certains individus qui ont atteint une certaine notori&eacute;t&eacute; sur les r&eacute;seaux informelles notamment, incarnant par la m&ecirc;me des nouveaux types de leaders, qui commettent eux-m&ecirc;mes des attentats dans leur propre pays, alors qu&rsquo;auparavant ils avaient tendance &agrave; d&eacute;l&eacute;guer ces taches. Ceci est un indicateur selon Jesse Morton tr&egrave;s important du fait que non seulement l&rsquo;id&eacute;ologie de ces groupes mais aussi les strat&eacute;gies d&rsquo;attaques qu&rsquo;ils pr&eacute;conisent raisonnent de plus en plus aupr&egrave;s des individus extr&eacute;mis&eacute;s, ce qui repr&eacute;sente pour lui une mutation majeure et un grand danger. Le journaliste d&rsquo;investigation Nafeez Ahmed souligne dans un article du Middle East Eye que ce ph&eacute;nom&egrave;ne est amplifi&eacute; par le retour dans leur pays d&rsquo;origine de combattants de groupes extr&eacute;mistes violents &agrave; r&eacute;f&eacute;rence religieuse. Selon lui, les r&eacute;centes attaques commises sur le sol europ&eacute;en doivent pousser les pays europ&eacute;ens &agrave; se poser les vraies questions, notamment quant &agrave; leur propre responsabilit&eacute; dans les m&eacute;canismes d&rsquo;extr&eacute;misation individuelle, qualifi&eacute;s souvent de mani&egrave;re simpliste comme de la &laquo; radicalisation djihadiste &raquo;. Les institutions doivent aujourd&rsquo;hui faire plus selon lui et coop&eacute;rer davantage avec la soci&eacute;t&eacute; dans son ensemble, afin de limiter le recrutement de personnes vuln&eacute;rables par ces groupes, non pas dans une logique de &laquo; pr&eacute;vention &raquo;, qui a montr&eacute; ses limites, mais dans une logique de collaboration.<\/p>\n<p><em>Liens pour plus d&rsquo;informations :<\/em><br \/><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rts.ch\/info\/suisse\/8680688-les-trajectoires-de-djihadistes-suisses-devoilees-dans-une-etude.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/www.rts.ch\/info\/suisse\/8680688<\/a><br \/><a href=\"http:\/\/www.tdg.ch\/geneve\/actu-genevoise\/parcours-djihadistes-suisses-crible\/story\/31697501\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">http:\/\/www.tdg.ch\/geneve\/actu-genevoise\/parcours-djihadistes-suisses-crible\/story\/31697501<\/a><br \/><a href=\"http:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/uk-40161333\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">http:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/uk-40161333<\/a><br \/><a href=\"http:\/\/www.lemonde.fr\/politique\/article\/2017\/06\/07\/pierre-bousquet-de-florian-patron-du-nouveau-centre-national-de-contre-terrorisme_5139973_823448.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">http:\/\/www.lemonde.fr\/politique\/article\/2017\/06\/07\/pierre-bousquet-de-florian<\/a><br \/><a href=\"http:\/\/www.liberation.fr\/planete\/2017\/06\/07\/barking-la-ville-des-terroristes-de-londres-n-est-ni-parfaite-ni-un-foyer-du-terrorisme_1575013\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">http:\/\/www.liberation.fr\/planete\/2017\/06\/07\/barking-la-ville-des-terroristes-de-londres<\/a><br \/><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/video\/world\/europe\/100000005147965\/fbi-london-attacker-khuram-butt.html?rref=collection%2Fsectioncollection%2Fworld&amp;action=click&amp;contentCollection=world&Acirc;&reg;ion=stream&amp;module=stream_unit&amp;version=latest&amp;contentPlacement=2&amp;pgtype=sectionfront\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/video\/world\/europe\/100000005147965\/fbi-london-attacker<\/a><br \/><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2017\/06\/06\/world\/europe\/london-assailants-terrorism-warning-signs-fbi.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2017\/06\/06\/world\/europe\/london-assailants<\/a><br \/><a href=\"http:\/\/icsr.info\/projects\/jihadist_media_strategy\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">http:\/\/icsr.info\/projects\/jihadist_media_strategy<\/a><br \/><a href=\"http:\/\/www.middleeasteye.net\/columns\/how-end-216384012\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">http:\/\/www.middleeasteye.net\/columns\/how-end<\/a><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #902323;\"><strong>VIOLENT EXTREMISM AND THE WAR ON TERROR \/ EXTR&Eacute;MISME VIOLENT ET LA GUERRE CONTRE LA TERREUR<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p><strong>Qatar, Saudi Arabia, USA and Cross-regional, 06.06.2017: Post-Arab Spring Era: Qatar Blockade<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Four Arab countries&mdash;Saudi Arabia, Bahrain, the United Arab Emirates and Egypt&mdash;severed their relations with Qatar on Monday June 5, 2017 over its alleged support of terrorism, and others have followed since. Saudi Arabia accused Qatar of supporting Yemen&rsquo;s Houthi rebels &mdash; even though Qatar has participated in a Saudi-led coalition fighting the Houthis, who have ties to Iran. While the other Persian Gulf states have expressed anger over Qatar&rsquo;s ties to Iran, with which it shares a massive oil field, others in the region also maintain strong economic relations with Tehran. The UAE is Iran&rsquo;s biggest non-oil trading partner, and Oman conducts an open dialogue with the government there. For some observers, \u00ab\u00a0at the heart of the dispute is Qatar&rsquo;s refusal to fall in line behind Saudi Arabia and its partners,\u00a0\u00bb said Mishaal Al Gergawi, the managing director of the Delma Institute, a political consultancy in the UAE. \u00ab\u00a0Now that you have a post-Arab Spring reconstitution of some kind of alliance,\u00a0\u00bb he said, \u00ab\u00a0there is really little room for dissent on this side of the gulf.\u00a0\u00bb The New York Times wrote, Qatar&rsquo;s actions \u00ab\u00a0are a study in contradictions. Qatar has good relations with Iran, but hosts the American air base. It is helping to fight the Iranian-linked Houthi rebels in Yemen, and it is backing insurgents fighting Tehran&rsquo;s ally, President Bashar al-Assad of Syria. Yet it has also established back channels to Iran and brokered deals with it.\u00a0\u00bb The Atlantic states that \u00ab\u00a0Qatar&rsquo;s alleged support for the Muslim Brotherhood, which is banned in Egypt, Hamas, elements of al-Qaeda, ISIS, and other Islamist extremist groups has been well documented, and it&rsquo;s this support that has been at the core of its disputes with its fellow Arab states.\u00a0\u00bb<\/p>\n<p>On Tuesday, June 6, 2017, US President Donald Trump weighed in on the ongoing diplomatic dispute with Qatar and neighboring Gulf countries led by Saudi Arabia, saying his trip to the Middle East is \u00ab\u00a0already paying off\u00a0\u00bb. In a series of posts on Twitter, Trump referenced Qatar when he said leaders of the Middle East have stated that they \u00ab\u00a0would take a hard line on funding extremism\u00a0\u00bb. He added, \u00ab\u00a0During my recent trip to the Middle East I stated that there can no longer be funding of Radical Ideology. Leaders pointed to Qatar &#8211; look!\u00a0\u00bb Trump said. \u00ab\u00a0So good to see the Saudi Arabia visit with the King and 50 countries already paying off. They said they would take a hard line on funding&#8230;&#8230;extremism, and all reference was pointing to Qatar. Perhaps this will be the beginning of the end to the horror of terrorism!\u00a0\u00bb Trump later appeared to contradict himself, calling the king of Saudi Arabia to urge Gulf unity. On Monday, June 5, 2017, Dana Shell Smith, US ambassador to Qatar, posted an embassy statement saying that the \u00ab\u00a0US supports Qatar&rsquo;s efforts in combating terrorism financing, and appreciates its role in coalition against ISIL.\u00a0\u00bb Secretary of State Rex Tillerson said in Australia on Monday that the feud would not affect the U.S.-led coalition fighting Sunni extremist groups in the Middle East. Pentagon officials insisted Monday that the clash between Qatar and its Arab neighbors will not affect operations at Al Udeid Air Base, but the row raised the prospect that the U.S. could be forced to relocate or scale back its main regional hub for the air war against the Islamic State and the de facto Middle East operational center for U.S. Central Command.<\/p>\n<p>For some analysts, the Trump&rsquo;s visit to the region last month \u00ab\u00a0has given carte blanche and implicit military backing to oppressive rulers and has put Iran (Shia) and Saudi Arabia (Sunni) on a collision course.\u00a0\u00bb Yezid Sayigh, a senior fellow at the Carnegie Middle East Center in Beirut, said the new moves reflected a \u00ab\u00a0bullishness\u00a0\u00bb prompted by the Trump administration&rsquo;s stances &mdash; on the confrontation with Iran and on a willingness to look the other way on human rights violations. Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates are getting \u00ab\u00a0no U.S. pushback\u00a0\u00bb on human rights or on the Yemen intervention, he said, while \u00ab\u00a0Egypt also feels off the hook with Trump, and is using the opportunity to repair ties with the Saudis, reinforce with the Emiratis and be more assertive in Libya.\u00a0\u00bb Karen Young, a senior scholar at the Arab Gulf States Institute in Washington, which receives funding from the United Arab Emirates (UAE) said, \u00ab\u00a0I do think it&rsquo;s fair to say that it emboldened Saudi Arabia and the UAE to reshape the region and the immediate neighborhood in ways that they had wanted to do for a long time.\u00a0\u00bb She added, \u00ab\u00a0I think it&rsquo;s because they saw an opening in American policy &mdash; that Trump would support them in efforts that could be perceived as counterterrorism.\u00a0\u00bb For Foreign Policy, \u00ab\u00a0Sarajevo 1914, Doha 2017? We could be at a historic moment akin to the assassination of the heir presumptive to the Austro-Hungarian Empire, which resulted in what became known as the Great War.\u00a0\u00bb This time, though, the possible clash is between a Saudi-United Arab Emirates force and Iran. Washington is going to have to act quickly to stop the march to war, rather than wait for the carnage to begin.<\/p>\n<p>David Fickling, a Bloomberg Gadfly columnist, wrote that, \u00ab\u00a0Forget the Strait of Hormuz. The real place to watch the simmering diplomatic battle between Saudi Arabia and Qatar is 5,500 kilometers to the southeast, in the Strait of Malacca between Malaysia and Indonesia.\u00a0\u00bb Asia has the lion&rsquo;s share of the Middle East&rsquo;s petroleum exports. That makes the stance of Qatar&rsquo;s major Asian trading partners &#8212; Japan, South Korea, India and Taiwan &#8212; a crucial factor in how the embargo will play out. For Fickling, \u00ab\u00a0To see how this might play out, it&rsquo;s worth considering the dynamics of Asia&rsquo;s gas market, and the differing degrees to which the countries are dependent on Qatar and its Arab rivals.\u00a0\u00bb<\/p>\n<p><em>Links for more information:<\/em><br \/><a href=\"https:\/\/www.theatlantic.com\/news\/archive\/2017\/06\/what-just-happened-with-qatar\/529128\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/www.theatlantic.com\/news\/archive\/2017\/06\/what-just-happened-with-qatar\/529128<\/a><br \/><a href=\"https:\/\/www.bloomberg.com\/gadfly\/articles\/2017-06-06\/saudi-qatar-s-true-battleground-is-asia\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/www.bloomberg.com\/gadfly\/articles\/2017-06-06\/saudi-qatar-s-true-battleground-is-asia<\/a><br \/><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2017\/06\/05\/world\/middleeast\/qatar-saudi-arabia-egypt-bahrain-united-arab-emirates.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2017\/06\/05\/world\/middleeast\/qatar-saudi-arabia-egypt-bahrain-united-arab-emirates<\/a><br \/><a href=\"https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/saudi-arabia-bahrain-and-uae-cut-diplomatic-ties-with-qatar-1496633817\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/saudi-arabia-bahrain-and-uae-cut-diplomatic-ties-with-qatar<\/a><br \/><a href=\"https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/world\/four-arab-nations-sever-diplomatic-ties-with-qatar-exposing-rift-in-region\/2017\/06\/05\/15ad2284-49b4-11e7-9669-250d0b15f83b_story.html?utm_term=.ff766d79fc59\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/world\/four-arab-nations-sever-diplomatic-ties-with-qatar<\/a><br \/><a href=\"http:\/\/www.huffingtonpost.com\/entry\/saudi-arabia-breaks-ties-with-qatar-another-fallout_us_5935974be4b0cca4f42d9c0b\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">http:\/\/www.huffingtonpost.com\/entry\/saudi-arabia-breaks-ties-with-qatar-another-fallout_<\/a><br \/><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/aponline\/2017\/06\/05\/us\/ap-us-qatar-us-universities.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/aponline\/2017\/06\/05\/us\/ap-us-qatar-us-universities<\/a><br \/><a href=\"http:\/\/www.washingtontimes.com\/news\/2017\/jun\/5\/al-udeid-air-base-open-to-us-despite-qatars-rift-w\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">http:\/\/www.washingtontimes.com\/news\/2017\/jun\/5\/al-udeid-air-base-open-to-us<\/a><\/p>\n<p><strong>U.K., U.S. and Cross-Regional, 02.06.2017: Civilian Casualties in the Failed &lsquo;War on Terror&rsquo; are a Fact of Life<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Britain&rsquo;s foreign policy and intervention in wars abroad had fueled the threat of \u00ab\u00a0terrorism\u00a0\u00bb at home, the leader of the UK&rsquo;s main opposition party, Jeremy Corbyn, said on Friday, June 2, 2017, as a political truce after a Manchester suicide attack came to an end. Less than two weeks before a general election, Corbyn also vowed to reverse Prime Minister Theresa May&rsquo;s police cuts and give the security services more resources if they needed them, saying Britain could not \u00ab\u00a0be protected on the cheap\u00a0\u00bb. He added, \u00ab\u00a0Many experts, including professionals in our intelligence and security services pointed out the connections between wars that we&rsquo;ve been involved in or supported &#8230; in other countries, such as Libya, and terrorism here at home.\u00a0\u00bb<\/p>\n<p>Patrick Cockburn, a writer for The Independent, said that Corbyn \u00ab\u00a0is correct in saying that there is a strong connection between the terrorist threat in Britain and the wars Britain has fought abroad, notably in Iraq and Libya. The fact that these wars motivate and strengthen terrorist organizations like al-Qaeda and Isis has long been obvious to British intelligence officers, though strenuously denied by governments. He added, \u00ab\u00a0the real views of British intelligence agencies on the likely impact of Britain taking part in wars in the Middle East are revealed in a Joint Intelligence Committee (JIC) assessment dated 10 February 2003. It says, \u00ab\u00a0the threat from al-Qaeda will increase at the onset of any military action against Iraq. They will target Coalition forces and other Western interests in the Middle East. Attacks against Western interests elsewhere are also likely, especially in the US and UK, for maximum impact. The worldwide threat from other Islamist groups and individuals will increase significantly.\u00a0\u00bb<\/p>\n<p>The New York Times reported that the number of civilians killed in American-led airstrikes in Iraq and Syria spiked this year, as efforts to retake Islamic State strongholds intensified and as some procedures for approving airstrikes were changed. Data compiled by Airwars, a nonprofit group that tracks reports of civilian deaths in Iraq and Syria, showed a significant jump in the number of reported deaths in the first three months of 2017. U.S. Defense Secretary James Mattis said, \u00ab\u00a0civilian casualties are a fact of life in this sort of situation. We do everything humanly possible consistent with military necessity, taking many chances to avoid civilian casualties at all costs.\u00a0\u00bb<\/p>\n<p><em>Links for more information:<\/em><br \/><a href=\"http:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2017\/05\/corbyn-admit-war-terror-working-170526114603267.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">http:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2017\/05\/corbyn-admit-war-terror-working<\/a><br \/><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/interactive\/2017\/05\/25\/world\/middleeast\/airstrikes-iraq-syria-civilian-casualties.html?rref=collection%2Fsectioncollection%2Fmiddleeast\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/interactive\/2017\/05\/25\/world\/middleeast\/airstrikes-iraq-syria-civilian-casualties<\/a><br \/><a href=\"http:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/voices\/corbyn-speech-manchester-attack-war-on-terror-did-cause-it-a7758066.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">http:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/voices\/corbyn-speech-manchester-attack-war-on-terror-did-cause-it<\/a><br \/><a href=\"http:\/\/www.cbsnews.com\/news\/transcript-defense-secretary-james-mattis-on-face-the-nation-may-28-2017\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">http:\/\/www.cbsnews.com\/news\/transcript-defense-secretary-james-mattis-on-face-the-nation<\/a><\/p>\n<p><strong>Egypt, Libya and Cross-Regional, 26.05-01.06.2017: Is Egypt Bombing the Right Militants in Libya?<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Egyptian President Abdel Fattah al-Sisi was quick to launch air strikes on militants in Libya in response to a deadly attack on Coptic Christians in Egypt &#8211; but the attacks do not seem to be targeting those responsible. The Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant group claimed responsibility for the attack, saying in an online statement that it had been carried out by one of its affiliates. Sisi announced that he had directed strikes against what he called \u00ab\u00a0terrorist camps\u00a0\u00bb, declaring in a televised address that states that sponsored terrorism would be punished. Egyptian strikes attacked Derna in Eastern Libya; however, ISIL has no recorded presence in that city. \u00ab\u00a0The attacks in Minya were claimed by Islamic State, and there are Islamic State elements active in Libya, but the reports coming indicate Cairo is targeting other groups,\u00a0\u00bb said H.A. Hellyer, senior nonresident fellow at the Atlantic Council. Speaking at a joint conference with his Russian counterpart, Sergey Lavrov, after the strikes on May 29, Egypt&rsquo;s Foreign Minister Sameh Shoukry defended his country&rsquo;s right to strike back, asserting that militant training camps in Libya pose a direct threat to Egypt&rsquo;s national security. \u00ab\u00a0The attack on the Christians proved that Libyan militants were capable of targeting Egypt,\u00a0\u00bb he said. Egypt has also informed the United States that the perpetrators of the Minya attack were trained in Libya. The Egyptian delegation to the United Nations delivered May 27 a speech at the Security Council saying that the strikes were in self-defense, to avoid any international blame. The UN-backed Libyan reconciliation government objected to Egypt bombing Libyan territory.<\/p>\n<p>Analysts have come to a near unanimous conclusion that the strikes were carried out not to counter a potential threat to Egypt, but in fact to lend assistance to the Field Marshal Khalifa Haftar and his self-styled Libyan National Army that are fighting a war in the East against the country&rsquo;s various Islamist insurgencies. Sisi may have used a recent attack on the country&rsquo;s Christians as a justification for advancing its interests in Libya by strengthening its ally, General Khalifa Haftar. Abdel Sattar al-Hatita, a researcher specializing in Libyan affairs, told Al-Monitor that Egypt is playing a dual role in the Libyan crisis. \u00ab\u00a0It seeks to find a political solution and bring together the conflicting Libyan parties, while at the same time it supports the LNA, represented by Hifter (Haftar),\u00a0\u00bb he said. Hatita added that the Egyptian strikes were in favor of Haftar&rsquo;s army, since they were not only limited to eastern Libya but also included areas in the south and the west such as Jufra, Hun and the Libyan Jabel Akhdar. He also expected the operations to expand to other areas where the armed groups are present.<\/p>\n<p><em>Links for more information:<\/em><br \/><a href=\"http:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-egypt-security-analysis-idUSKBN18R2GE\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">http:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-egypt-security-analysis<\/a><br \/><a href=\"http:\/\/www.al-monitor.com\/pulse\/originals\/2017\/06\/egypt-airstrikes-libya-militant-camps-terrorist-attacks.html#ixzz4j62OALb1\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">http:\/\/www.al-monitor.com\/pulse\/originals\/2017\/06\/egypt-airstrikes-libya<\/a><br \/><a href=\"https:\/\/sputniknews.com\/middleeast\/201705311054165678-egypt-airstrikes-libya\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/sputniknews.com\/middleeast\/201705311054165678-egypt-airstrikes-libya<\/a><br \/><a href=\"http:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-middle-east-40067473\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">http:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-middle-east<\/a><\/p>\n<p><strong>Niger, 27.05.2017 : La zone de Tillaberi se transforme en th&eacute;&acirc;tre d&rsquo;action de groupes arm&eacute;s &agrave; r&eacute;f&eacute;rence religieuse<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Selon la presse nig&eacute;rienne, de violentes attaques successives attribu&eacute;es &agrave; des groupes dits &laquo; jihadistes &raquo;, perp&eacute;tr&eacute;es dans la semaine du 23 au 30 mai dernier, auraient fait une dizaine de morts et plusieurs bless&eacute;s parmi les &eacute;l&eacute;ments des forces de d&eacute;fense et de s&eacute;curit&eacute; nig&eacute;riennes et parmi les civils. Ces attaques ont &eacute;t&eacute; men&eacute;es dans la r&eacute;gion de Tillab&eacute;ri, zone, frontali&egrave;re avec le Nord du Mali, devenue la cible d&rsquo;attaques &laquo; terroristes &raquo;.<\/p>\n<p>Selon les observateurs, ce regain de violence subit dans la zone serait la cons&eacute;quence directe de la fusion des efforts des groupes de l&rsquo;ex-n&eacute;buleuse AQMI (Al-Qa&iuml;da au Maghreb Islamique) au nord du Mali. D&eacute;sormais f&eacute;d&eacute;r&eacute;e sous le label du &laquo; Groupe de soutien &agrave; l&rsquo;Islam et aux musulmans &raquo; sous l&rsquo;&eacute;gide du chef du groupe arm&eacute; An&ccedil;ar Dine, le malien Iyad Ag Ghaly, les attaques sont devenues courantes tout au long des fronti&egrave;res nig&eacute;ro maliennes et burkinab&eacute;.<\/p>\n<p>Face &agrave; ces attaques r&eacute;currentes de groupes arm&eacute;s, pr&eacute;sum&eacute;s &ecirc;tre en provenance du nord-Mali, le gouvernement nig&eacute;rien a d&eacute;cr&eacute;t&eacute; l&rsquo;&eacute;tat d&rsquo;urgence dans cette r&eacute;gion (Tillab&eacute;ri) au premier trimestre de l&rsquo;ann&eacute;e. En parall&egrave;le, des sources militaires ont &eacute;voqu&eacute; un important red&eacute;ploiement d&rsquo;effectifs militaires nig&eacute;riens ainsi que d&rsquo;&eacute;l&eacute;ments de la force Barkhane lourdement &eacute;quip&eacute;s. Au Burkina voisin, des attaques similaires men&eacute;es par des sympathisants des m&ecirc;mes groupes arm&eacute;s sont signal&eacute;es.<\/p>\n<p><em>Liens pour plus d&rsquo;informations :<\/em><br \/><a href=\"http:\/\/www.tamtaminfo.com\/recrudescence-des-attaques-terroristes-dans-la-region-de-tillaberi-une-riposte-cinglante-simpose\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">http:\/\/www.tamtaminfo.com\/recrudescence-des-attaques-terroristes-dans-la-region-de-tillaberi<\/a><br \/><a href=\"http:\/\/www.tamtaminfo.com\/niger-deux-policiers-et-un-civil-tues-dans-une-attaque-pres-du-burkina\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">http:\/\/www.tamtaminfo.com\/niger-deux-policiers-et-un-civil-tues-dans-une-attaque-pres-du-burkina<\/a><br \/><a href=\"http:\/\/www.tamtaminfo.com\/sommet-du-g7-urgence-a-resoudre-la-crise-libyenne-pour-les-presidents-nigerien-et-tunisien\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">http:\/\/www.tamtaminfo.com\/sommet-du-g7-urgence-a-resoudre-la-crise-libyenne<\/a><br \/><a href=\"http:\/\/lefaso.net\/spip.php?article77460\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">http:\/\/lefaso.net\/spip.php?article77460<\/a><br \/><a href=\"http:\/\/lefaso.net\/spip.php?article77333\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">http:\/\/lefaso.net\/spip.php?article77333<\/a><br \/><a href=\"http:\/\/lefaso.net\/spip.php?article77082\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">http:\/\/lefaso.net\/spip.php?article77082<\/a><br \/><a href=\"http:\/\/lefaso.net\/spip.php?article77008\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">http:\/\/lefaso.net\/spip.php?article77008<\/a><br \/><a href=\"http:\/\/lefaso.net\/spip.php?article77028\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">http:\/\/lefaso.net\/spip.php?article77028<\/a><br \/><a href=\"http:\/\/news.abamako.com\/h\/162811.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">http:\/\/news.abamako.com\/h\/162811<\/a><\/p>\n<p><strong>Mali, 25.05.17 : L&rsquo;Union Europ&eacute;enne (UE) d&eacute;bourse 50 millions d&rsquo;Euro pour la mise en place d&rsquo;une force militaire du G5 au Sahel<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Selon des sources de presse, l&rsquo;UE a annonc&eacute; le versement de 50 millions d&rsquo;euros pour la mise en place et le fonctionnement de la force conjointe des pays du G5 Sahel (Burkina Faso, Mali, Mauritanie, Niger et Tchad). Cette annonce a &eacute;t&eacute; faite &agrave; Bamako par Mme Federica Mogherini, Vice-pr&eacute;sidente de la Commission de l&rsquo;Union europ&eacute;enne en visite au Mali, alors que les ministres des Affaires &eacute;trang&egrave;res des pays du G5 du Sahel se r&eacute;unissaient, le m&ecirc;me jour, &agrave; Bamako pour coordonner la lutte antiterroriste men&eacute;e par leurs forces arm&eacute;es. Pr&eacute;c&eacute;dent cette rencontre, une r&eacute;union des chefs d&rsquo;&eacute;tat-major des pays du G5, &eacute;largie &agrave; des hauts officiers fran&ccedil;ais, am&eacute;ricains, allemands et des Nations unies avait &eacute;galement eu lieu. Au cours de cette rencontre, le G&eacute;n&eacute;ral Didier Dacko, jusque-l&agrave; Chef d&rsquo;Etat-Major g&eacute;n&eacute;ral de l&rsquo;arm&eacute;e malienne a &eacute;t&eacute; nomm&eacute; Commandant de la Force conjointe du G5 Sahel, prenant ainsi la t&ecirc;te d&rsquo;un important dispositif de &laquo; lutte contre le terrorisme &raquo; au Sahel. En attendant le prochain sommet du G5 Sahel &agrave; Bamako, le 2 juillet 2017, l&rsquo;ancien Chef d&rsquo;Etat-Major des arm&eacute;es du Mali a la lourde responsabilit&eacute; de conduire la strat&eacute;gie d&rsquo;action militaire contre le terrorisme dans les 5 pays.<\/p>\n<p>Le d&eacute;ploiement de la force conjointe pr&eacute;cit&eacute;e se pr&eacute;parerait activement, une fois l&rsquo;obstacle des moyens financiers partiellement d&eacute;pass&eacute;. Ayant obtenu le mandat de l&rsquo;Union africaine en avril 2017, le G5 Sahel attend le feu vert du conseil de s&eacute;curit&eacute; de l&rsquo;ONU pour le d&eacute;ploiement de sa force. Selon M. Ennadif, Repr&eacute;sentant sp&eacute;cial du Secr&eacute;tariat G&eacute;n&eacute;ral des Nations unies au Sahel, une d&eacute;cision sera prise dans tous les prochains jours lors d&rsquo;une r&eacute;union du Conseil de s&eacute;curit&eacute; des Nations unies. Apr&egrave;s cette d&eacute;cision, la force conjointe du G5 Sahel pourrait &ecirc;tre op&eacute;rationnelle d&rsquo;ici la fin de 2017.<\/p>\n<p><em>Liens pour plus d&rsquo;informations :<\/em><br \/><a href=\"http:\/\/www.tamtaminfo.com\/50-millions-deuros-de-lue-pour-la-force-conjointe-du-g5-sahel\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">http:\/\/www.tamtaminfo.com\/50-millions-deuros-de-lue-pour-la-force-conjointe-du-g5-sahel<\/a><br \/><a href=\"http:\/\/lefaso.net\/spip.php?article77235\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">http:\/\/lefaso.net\/spip.php?article77235<\/a><br \/><a href=\"http:\/\/malijet.com\/actualite_internationale\/187651-g5_sahel_general_didier_dacko_force.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">http:\/\/malijet.com\/actualite_internationale\/187651-g5_sahel_general_didier_dacko_force<\/a><br \/><a href=\"http:\/\/malijet.com\/actualte_dans_les_regions_du_mali\/rebellion_au_nord_du_mali\/187653-lutte_terrorisme_moussa_faki_.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">http:\/\/malijet.com\/actualte_dans_les_regions_du_mali\/rebellion_au_nord_du_mali<\/a><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<p><em>The views and perspectives contained in the Weekly Update are from individual contributors and external sources, and do not necessarily reflect the opinions or position of the Cordoba Foundation of Geneva. The links are neither intended as an endorsement of particular publications nor the only source for the updates, but to connect to information in the public domain, for those interested in background or further details.<\/em><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>23th May &#8211; 6th June 2017 Cordoba Foundation of Geneva<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":596,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[15],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-653","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-newsletter"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.3 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>The Cordoba Update 10\/2017 - Cordoba Peace Institute | Fran\u00e7ais<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/cpi-geneva.org\/fr\/the-cordoba-update-10-2017\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fr_FR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"The Cordoba Update 10\/2017 - 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