{"id":637,"date":"2017-05-24T10:34:36","date_gmt":"2017-05-24T09:34:36","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/cpi-geneva.org\/fr\/2017\/05\/24\/the-cordoba-update-9-2017\/"},"modified":"2017-05-24T10:34:36","modified_gmt":"2017-05-24T09:34:36","slug":"the-cordoba-update-9-2017","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/cpi-geneva.org\/fr\/the-cordoba-update-9-2017\/","title":{"rendered":"The Cordoba Update 9\/2017"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><!-- {lofimg src=\"\/images\/stories\/Cordoba-Update_logo.jpg\"} --><\/p>\n<div><strong>10<sup>th<\/sup> &#8211; 22<sup>th<\/sup> May 2017<br \/><\/strong><\/div>\n<div>Cordoba Foundation of Geneva<em><br \/><\/em><\/div>\n<p><!--more--><\/p>\n<style scoped=\"scoped\" type=\"text\/css\"><!--\ntd {\n\t\t\tbackground: #f5f4ef none repeat scroll 0 0;\n\t\t\tvertical-align: top;\n\t\t\tpadding: 6px 12px;\n\t\t}\n\t\ttd.cuintro {\n\t\t\tbackground: #F7FAFE none repeat scroll 0 0;\n\t\t}\n\t\tul {\n\t\t\tmargin: 0 0.5em 0 1em;\n\t\t\tpadding: 0;\n\t\t}\n\t\tli {\n\t\t\tmargin-bottom: 0;\n\t\t\tpadding-left: 9px;\n\t\t\ttext-align: left;\n\t\t}\n--><\/style>\n<div>\n<table border=\"0\" style=\"width: 100%; margin-bottom: 5px;\" cellspacing=\"4\" cellpadding=\"4\" align=\"center\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"cuintro\">\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\">The bi-weekly CORDOBA UPDATE is the product of continuous monitoring work, carried out by the Cordoba Foundation of Geneva team. By analysing and reporting on key events and trends in the Foundation&rsquo;s areas of interest, we aim to draw readers&rsquo; attention to pertinent developments in North Africa, the Sahel, West Asia and Europe, which are not always covered in &lsquo;mainstream&rsquo; media.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\">In addition to sharing news from these four regions, the Cordoba Update is an opportunity for the Foundation to provide regular updates on its publications, events and other developments.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\">In line with the programmes and projects funded by partners of the Cordoba Foundation of Geneva, updates and information are included under the following themes:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\">Islamist-Secular relations;<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\">Transition and Political participation;<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\">Relations between communities of different ethnic, cultural and religious affiliations;<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\">Violent extremism and the war on terror;<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\">The Cordoba Foundation of Geneva in the media;<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\">General information.<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\"><br \/><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\">For questions and\/or feedback regarding the content and form of the Cordoba Update, please contact Sarah Franck: <a href=\"mailto:sarah.franck@cordoue.ch\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">sarah.franck@cordoue.ch<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<hr style=\"border-top: 1px solid #cccccc; border-bottom: none; width: 50%; margin: auto;\" \/>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\">Le CORDOBA UPDATE est un bimensuel qui pr&eacute;sente le travail continu de suivi r&eacute;alis&eacute; par l&rsquo;&eacute;quipe de la Fondation Cordoue de Gen&egrave;ve. Par l&rsquo;analyse des &eacute;v&eacute;nements et tendances qui concernent les domaines d&rsquo;int&eacute;r&ecirc;t de la Fondation, nous visons &agrave; attirer l&rsquo;attention de nos lecteurs sur les d&eacute;veloppements pertinents en Afrique du Nord, dans le Sahel, en Asie de l&rsquo;Ouest et en Europe, une actualit&eacute; qui n&rsquo;est pas toujours couverte dans les m&eacute;dias dits &lsquo;traditionnels&rsquo;.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\">Outre le partage de l&rsquo;actualit&eacute; de ces quatre r&eacute;gions, le &laquo; Cordoba Update &raquo; est un moyen pour la Fondation de fournir des mises &agrave; jour r&eacute;guli&egrave;res sur ses publications, &eacute;v&eacute;nements et autres d&eacute;veloppements.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\">En accord avec les programmes et projets financ&eacute;s par les partenaires de la Fondation Cordoue de Gen&egrave;ve, les mises &agrave; jour et informations concernent les th&egrave;mes suivants :<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\">Relations islamistes-s&eacute;culiers ;<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\">Transition et participation politique ;<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\">Relations entre communaut&eacute;s de diff&eacute;rentes affiliations ethniques, culturelles et religieuses ;<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\">L&rsquo;extr&eacute;misme violent et la guerre contre le terrorisme ;<br \/><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\">La Fondation Cordoue de Gen&egrave;ve dans les m&eacute;dias ;<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\">Information g&eacute;n&eacute;rale.<br \/><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\">Pour des questions et \/ ou des commentaires concernant le contenu et la forme du Cordoba Update, veuillez contacter Sarah Franck : <a href=\"mailto:sarah.franck@cordoue.ch\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">sarah.franck@cordoue.ch<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<p><span style=\"color: #902323;\"><strong>EVENTS \/ &Eacute;V&Egrave;NEMENTS<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p><strong>Tunis, 19 mai 2017, atelier sur la religion et le violence politique dans le contexte tunisien actuel<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Le vendredi 19 mai 2017 un atelier sur la religion et le violence politique dans le contexte tunisien actuel, s&rsquo;est tenu &agrave; Tunis. Cette rencontre organis&eacute;e par la Fondation Cordoue de Gen&egrave;ve (FCG) en partenariat avec le Forum El Jahedh, et le D&eacute;partement f&eacute;d&eacute;ral des affaires &eacute;trang&egrave;res Suisse (DFAE), a r&eacute;uni des experts pour promouvoir la coexistence pacifique entre acteurs politiques aux visions du monde divergentes. Les discussions, qui se sont tenues sous la r&egrave;gle de Chatham House, ont &eacute;t&eacute; riches et avaient pour but d&rsquo;analyser et de faire l&rsquo;&eacute;valuation de l&rsquo;exp&eacute;rience du 18 octobre et de la tro&iuml;ka comme premi&egrave;re d&eacute;monstration de coalition entre islamistes et s&eacute;culiers pour gouverner la Tunisie.<\/p>\n<p>Cet atelier consacr&eacute; au contexte tunisien &eacute;mane d&rsquo;une s&eacute;rie d&rsquo;ateliers d&eacute;di&eacute;s &agrave; l&rsquo;interaction du religieux et du politique dans la sph&egrave;re publique, un processus qui a d&eacute;marr&eacute; en 2016. Deux rencontres se sont tenues &agrave; Istanbul et une troisi&egrave;me &agrave; Doha, en 2016, puis une quatri&egrave;me &agrave; Tunis en mars 2017. Un rapport de l&rsquo;atelier sera mis en ligne prochainement sur le site de la FCG (www.cordoue.ch).<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #902323;\"><strong>ISLAMIST-SECULAR RELATIONS<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p><strong>Mauritanie, 21.05.17 : Des d&eacute;tenus salafis observent une gr&egrave;ve de la faim en protestation contre leurs conditions de d&eacute;tention<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Une dizaine de d&eacute;tenus salafis, emprisonn&eacute;s pour leur implication dans diverses actions violentes contre l&rsquo;arm&eacute;e mauritanienne ou des cibles &eacute;trang&egrave;res en Mauritanie ou ailleurs (Mali, Alg&eacute;rie, etc..), observent une gr&egrave;ve illimit&eacute;e de la faim &agrave; la prison centrale de Nouakchott. Ils protestent contre le refus des autorit&eacute;s p&eacute;nitentiaires de permettre leur acc&egrave;s aux soins, d&rsquo;ordonner leur enr&ocirc;lement dans les registres de l&rsquo;&eacute;tat-civil pour permettre &agrave; leurs enfants d&rsquo;obtenir leurs droits &eacute;ducatifs, sociaux et m&eacute;dicaux. Ils rejettent aussi les entraves faites &agrave; leurs &eacute;pouses voil&eacute;es de leur rendre visite en prison.<\/p>\n<p>Entam&eacute;e depuis le 15 mai, cette gr&egrave;ve semble relativement bien suivie par la trentaine de d&eacute;tenus salafis qui purgent, pour la plupart, de lourdes peines, allant souvent &agrave; la d&eacute;tention criminelle &agrave; perp&eacute;tuit&eacute;. Plusieurs d&eacute;tenus commencent &agrave; se sentir tr&egrave;s faibles et malades, ce qui a amen&eacute; les autorit&eacute;s &agrave; les placer sous une surveillance m&eacute;dicale accrue.<\/p>\n<p>Pour rappel, la plupart de ces d&eacute;tenus ont &eacute;t&eacute; arr&ecirc;t&eacute;s lors des ann&eacute;es marqu&eacute;es par l&rsquo;activisme salafi violent en Mauritanie (2005-2011). Une bonne trentaine de d&eacute;tenus de ce groupe, dont la plupart des membres &eacute;taient affili&eacute;s aux diff&eacute;rentes branches d&rsquo;AQMI, avait b&eacute;n&eacute;fici&eacute; d&rsquo;une amnistie suite &agrave; une gr&acirc;ce pr&eacute;sidentielle d&eacute;cr&eacute;t&eacute;e en 2010 apr&egrave;s avoir accept&eacute; de r&eacute;viser leur position et s&rsquo;&ecirc;tre engag&eacute;s &agrave; renoncer &agrave; la violence. Parmi ces d&eacute;tenus, les plus radicaux, une dizaine, se trouveraient dans une prison de haute s&eacute;curit&eacute; &agrave; l&rsquo;int&eacute;rieur d&rsquo;une base militaire, Salahedine, situ&eacute;e au nord de la Mauritanie en plein d&eacute;sert et proche de la fronti&egrave;re alg&eacute;rienne.<\/p>\n<p>Par ailleurs, du 17 au 19 mai 2017, une r&eacute;union strat&eacute;gique pour l&rsquo;&eacute;laboration d&rsquo;un programme de lutte contre la radicalisation, la violence &agrave; connotation religieuse et le crime organis&eacute; au Sahel a eu lieu &agrave; Nouakchott. Sous l&rsquo;impulsion de la Mission de l&rsquo;Union Africaine au Sahel (MISAHEL) et du groupe des cinq pays du Sahel (G5 Sahel) ainsi de leurs partenaires respectifs, le processus d&rsquo;&eacute;laboration est s&eacute;quenc&eacute; en cinq &eacute;tapes. Les deux premi&egrave;res &eacute;tapes se sont respectivement tenues &agrave; Bamako (octobre 2016) et Niamey (d&eacute;cembre 2016). C&rsquo;est &agrave; Nouakchott que s&rsquo;est tenue la troisi&egrave;me &eacute;tape, du 17 au 19 mai 2017, suivront Ouagadougou et N&rsquo;Djamena. L&rsquo;&eacute;tape tenue &agrave; Nouakchott aura ainsi permis d&rsquo;approfondir la r&eacute;flexion sur le ph&eacute;nom&egrave;ne de la radicalisation et sur les axes strat&eacute;giques devant aider &agrave; contrer cette menace croissante dans les pays de la r&eacute;gion.<\/p>\n<p><em>Liens pour plus d&rsquo;informations :<\/em><br \/><a href=\"http:\/\/mourassiloun.com\/article\/299\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">http:\/\/mourassiloun.com\/article\/299<\/a><br \/><a href=\"http:\/\/alakhbar.info\/?q=node\/3488\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">http:\/\/alakhbar.info\/?q=node\/3488<\/a><br \/><a href=\"http:\/\/essahraa.net\/fr\/?q=node\/4224\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">http:\/\/essahraa.net\/fr\/?q=node\/4224<\/a><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #902323;\"><strong>TRANSITION AND POLITICAL PARTICIPATION \/ TRANSITION ET PARTICIPATION POLITIQUE<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p><strong>Egypt, 09.05.2017: Egypt&rsquo;s Age of Intellectual Fascism<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Amr Khalifa, a freelance journalist and analyst, wrote that Egyptian walls have often had &lsquo;ears&rsquo;, but since 2011, it is not Big Brother that we fear. Millions of Little Brothers have emerged among us to police what we are meant to say and think. He added, \u00ab\u00a0rather than enumerate the ways in which groups like the Islamic State (IS) are making inroads into the Nile Delta, or how inflation has soared to 31 percent under Abdel Fattah el-Sisi&rsquo;s so-called leadership, we need to look deeper into matters which may seem esoteric. We need to analyze a new phenomenon: a mental condition plaguing the country.\u00a0\u00bb In Egypt, \u00ab\u00a0we have a form of intellectual terrorism. It is by the people against the people,\u00a0\u00bb he argued. This is not merely the rule of \u00ab\u00a0Big Brother\u00a0\u00bb, a new form of George Orwell&rsquo;s 1984, eating away at Egypt&rsquo;s soul. The damage is done by millions of Little Brothers spreading cancerously through the Egyptian body politic, both within its borders and without. The army need not enter homes when it has already invaded the minds of its people. He added, \u00ab\u00a0this phenomenon, part and parcel of a larger fascistic dynamic that has swept Egypt, and to varying degrees, numerous other countries, is not limited to Egyptian work places or homes but all that is identified as Egyptian in cyber space as well. It abounds on Facebook and Twitter. Rather than physical violence, verbal brutality is used by all socio-political camps to silence alternative voices.\u00a0\u00bb He also noted that this is not merely limited to the pro-government camp. Revolutionaries, leftists, Islamists, Salafists and secularists are equally guilty of the complex crime of \u00ab\u00a0othering\u00a0\u00bb by shouting down those with whom they disagree, insulting and aggressively attacking &#8211; rather than discussing.<\/p>\n<p>A few weeks ago, sixty Egyptian members of parliament approved a draft law on \u00ab\u00a0the regulations of using and exploiting social media networks.\u00a0\u00bb If adopted by the parliament, the law would require social media users in Egypt to register with a government authority in order to use social media websites including Facebook and Twitter. The law would establish a department tasked with granting citizens permission to use social media. Within six months of the law&rsquo;s adoption, users would have to register on the department&rsquo;s website with their real names and state ID numbers to be able to use social media networks. Failure to do so could bring punishment of up to six months in jail and a fine.<\/p>\n<p><em>Links for more information:<\/em><br \/><a href=\"http:\/\/www.middleeasteye.net\/columns\/egypt-s-age-intellectual-terrorism-940558559\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">http:\/\/www.middleeasteye.net\/columns\/egypt-s-age-intellectual-terrorism<\/a><br \/><a href=\"http:\/\/www.egyptindependent.com\/parliament-considers-social-media-draft-law-would-refer-unmonitored-facebook-users-trial\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">http:\/\/www.egyptindependent.com\/parliament-considers-social-media-draft-law<\/a><\/p>\n<p><strong>Tunisia, 10-22.05.17: How long will the Essebsi-Ghanouchi Consensus hold?<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>During the previous week, President Beji Caid Essebsi delivered an hour-long speech in which he threatened to use the army to break up the protests in Tataouine and at the oil production facilities in El Kamour. The sit-ins had been going for over a month then, but the restless protestors demanding jobs and development projects for the southern region were not satisfied by the promises PM Youcef Chahed pledged during a visit to region, and hence decided to escalate the protest by taking control of the only access road to the oil production base in EL Kamour. Back in Tunis a few days before Essebsi&rsquo;s speech, Chafik Sarsar, president of the elections oversight body, ISIE, announced his resignation, together with vice president Mourad Ben Mouelli and member Lamia Zergouni. Sersar did not give an explicit reason for the resignation, but during the press conference he held with Mouelli and Zergouni he explained that the resignation was the only option left after it became clear that \u00ab\u00a0the disagreement among the ISIE body is not limited to technical aspects but rather to matters of ethics and principles on which democracy is founded\u00a0\u00bb. In Tunis rumours are rife, but it is believed that in the light of the difficulties faced by the economic reconciliation bill proposed to parliament by President Essebsi, the presidency opted to pass the law through a referendum that would be organised by ISIE. This suggestion by Essebsi split members of ISIE, some of whose members have publicly expressed their support for the referendum while others (Sarsar, Zergouni, and Mouelli) preferred to offer their resignation in protest three days before Essebsi&rsquo;s speech to the nation. Tunisian analysts believe that Sarsar&rsquo;s public resignation caught Essebsi off-guard and he had to omit the call for a referendum during his speech.<\/p>\n<p>Essebsi&rsquo;s speech, most observers think, fell short of appeasing concerns. It was rather counter-productive, as most reviews in traditional and social media indicate. The threat to use the army to break up the protests in Tataouine pushed the protestors to harden their position, and to rally support for the protest movement in neighbouring southern towns, with similar protest actions. Three days after Essebsi&rsquo;s speech, a youth protest movement against the economic reconciliation bill called \u00ab\u00a0Manish M&rsquo;samah\u00a0\u00bb (Not willing to forgive) staged a march on Bourguiba Avenue. Ennahdha had apparently instructed its youth base not to take part in the march as it had not yet expressed a definitive position about the proposed bill. While Ghanouchi and some of the key figures of the executive bureau are in favour of the reconciliation bill, the party&rsquo;s Shura consultative council has ruled against the draft bill in its current state. Nevertheless, some Ennahdha youth took part in the May 13 march, which is indicative of their frustration and some even think rebellion among segments of the Ennahdha youth against Ghanouchi&rsquo;s alliance with Essebsi in the name of consensus for the sake of stability. Elements from the Popular Front took part in the march. They tried to \u00ab\u00a0hijack\u00a0\u00bb it by chanting anti-Islamist slogans, but were overwhelmed by the youth who wanted to keep the protest focussed on opposing the economic reconciliation bill. The political elite, civil society, and Tunisians in general are divided with regard to the Essebsi&rsquo;s proposed law. Some, such as Nidaa Tounes and Afak Tounes, are favourable to it in order, they argue, to jump-start the economy and create jobs for the youth, while others consider it undermines the fundamentals of transitional justice and grants impunity. If it were not for the fragmentation of the parliamentary bloc of Nidaa Tounes the bill would have passed provided Ennahdha voted for it. But the former is in total disarray, with another new group of Nidaa Tounes forming an independent bloc this week. With Ennahdha still undecided, President Essebsi is left with the option of the referendum, but this attempt had complicated things further triggering a crisis with ISIE that have been busy preparing to hold local elections next December.<\/p>\n<p>The next few months are tricky ones. The Tunisian elite seems unable to agree on the priorities for their democratic transition. Should they deal with the past and fulfil transitional justice? Or jump-start the economy to appease social hardship and tensions? Or finish the construction of constitutional institutions including local elections? Underpinning all these three aspects is the fear among some that the Essebsi-Ghanouchi consensus is increasingly becoming a threat to the democratic transition process rather than an asset for stability. The confrontation in El Kamour has so far resulted in the death one protester. This development has convinced Hamma Hammami, leader of the Popular Front, of the urgency of holding snap elections.<\/p>\n<p><em>Links for more information:<\/em><br \/><a href=\"http:\/\/nawaat.org\/portail\/2017\/05\/12\/reportage-a-el-kamour-la-resistance-du-sud-se-radicalise-malgre-les-intimidations\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">http:\/\/nawaat.org\/portail\/2017\/05\/12\/reportage-a-el-kamour-la-resistance-du-sud-se-radicalise<\/a><br \/><a href=\"http:\/\/www.lemonde.fr\/afrique\/article\/2017\/05\/09\/demission-choc-en-tunisie-a-sept-mois-des-municipales_5125104_3212.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">http:\/\/www.lemonde.fr\/afrique\/article\/2017\/05\/09\/demission-choc-en-tunisie<\/a><br \/><a href=\"http:\/\/nawaat.org\/portail\/2017\/05\/11\/le-trou-de-memoire-presidentiel\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">http:\/\/nawaat.org\/portail\/2017\/05\/11\/le-trou-de-memoire-presidentiel<\/a><br \/><a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=_RSOgY6-iYI\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=_RSOgY6-iYI<\/a><br \/><a href=\"http:\/\/nawaat.org\/portail\/2017\/05\/10\/la-reconciliation-economique-renait-de-ses-cendres\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">http:\/\/nawaat.org\/portail\/2017\/05\/10\/la-reconciliation-economique-renait-de-ses-cendres<\/a><br \/><a href=\"http:\/\/www.businessnews.com.tn\/Imed-Daimi--Le-manifestant-mort-%C3%A0-El-Kamour-est-un-martyr-de-la-r%C3%A9volution-!,520,72469,3\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">http:\/\/www.businessnews.com.tn\/Imed-Daimi&#8211;Le-manifestant-mort<\/a><br \/><a href=\"http:\/\/www.businessnews.com.tn\/Hamma-Hammami-appelle-%C3%A0-la-tenue-d%E2%80%99%C3%A9lections-anticip%C3%A9es,534,72474,3\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">http:\/\/www.businessnews.com.tn\/Hamma-Hammami-appelle<\/a><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #902323;\"><strong>RELATIONS BETWEEN COMMUNITIES OF DIFFERENT ETHNIC, CULTURAL AND RELIGIOUS AFFILIATIONS \/ <br \/>RELATIONS ENTRE COMMUNAUT&Eacute;S DE DIFF&Eacute;RENTES AFFILIATIONS ETHNIQUES, CULTURELLES ET RELIGIEUSES<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p><strong>Bahrain, 10 &ndash; 21.05.17: Court Conviction for Sheikh Isa Qassim and First Military Trial for Civilian Defendants<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>On 21 May, Bahraini courts announced the verdict in the case against the religious leader of the nation&rsquo;s Shia community, Sheikh Isa Qassim, who stands accused of illegal fundraising and money laundering. Sheikh Qassim and two of his aides &#8211; Sheikh Hussein Mahrus and Mirza al-Obaidli &#8211; received a suspended one-year jail term, with all three receiving fines of 100,000 dinars ($265,140). The funds that the clerics stand accused of acquiring illegally have been confiscated.<\/p>\n<p>Supporters of Sheikh Qassim have maintained a sit-in at his village of residence since he was stripped of Bahraini citizenship in June, in connection with the alleged abuse of his position as a religious cleric to \u00ab\u00a0serve foreign interests and promote&#8230; sectarianism and violence.\u00a0\u00bb The court verdict against Sheikh Qassim has served to reignite these acts of civil disobedience, with reports that hundreds of people from Bahrain&rsquo;s Shia community protested in the lead-up to the announcement of his conviction. A local journalist from Al Wasat news opined that the conviction marks a major shift in relations between the state and the community that Sheikh Qassim represents, and furthermore highlighted the court&rsquo;s decision as contributing to worsening social and political polarisation in this relatively small state.<\/p>\n<p>Bahrain&rsquo;s judicial system has also come under criticism from international actors including Amnesty International (AI), most recently regarding its first referral of a civilian case to a military court, following a controversial constitutional amendment that was approved last month by Bahrain&rsquo;s King. AI reported that the case against Fadhel Radhi (who has been in custody since September 2016 and who has been out of contact since his arrest) was transferred to a military court. According to his lawyer, no charges have been brought against the defendant. AI also added that the case against another civilian defendant, Al-Sayed al-Alawi, may also have been transferred to military court. Al-Alawi has been held without contact since his arrest in October 2016. On 10 May, the Bahrain News Agency confirmed that \u00ab\u00a0a case against three individuals, one belonging to the military and two non-military personnel\u00a0\u00bb has been referred to the military courts for the first time. BNA&rsquo;s report added that all three stand accused of committing terrorism-related crimes, including plans to target military installations and members of the national defence forces.<\/p>\n<p>The growing number of arrests and court cases on charges of terrorist activities in Bahrain suggest, as indicated by one journalist writing for Al Monitor, that a growing number of Bahrain&rsquo;s Shia community have been marginalised by the state&rsquo;s policies since the 2011 Arab Uprisings, and have \u00ab\u00a0turned toward militancy.\u00a0\u00bb According to Giorgio Cafiero, as of March 2017 there had already been almost as many attacks (mainly against police officers and symbols of the state, but also explosive devices planted in public areas) as there were in all of 2016. A number of armed groups have apparently been formed in Bahrain, including the so-called February 14 Movement, Saraya al-Ashtar (Ashtar Brigade), Saraya al-Muqawama al-Shabiya (Resistance Brigade, or SMS), Saraya al-Mukhtar (Bahraini Islamic Resistance), Quroob al-Basta and Saraya al-Karar. A number of these have been designated terrorist groups by the Bahraini Government as well as by its Western allies.<\/p>\n<p>Critics of Bahrain&rsquo;s government have argued that the resort to militancy among members of Bahrain&rsquo;s Shia community is a result of the government&rsquo;s crack-down on opposition groups, including the dissolution of the country&rsquo;s main opposition, Al-Wefaq, and by a pronounced narrowing of the political space for contestation. However, Bahraini authorities have also published reports on the discovery of weapons stocks bearing Iranian markings as proof of foreign interference in their national affairs, eliciting reinforced support for its counter-terrorism approach from its Western allies, in particular the current U.S. administration.<\/p>\n<p><em>Links for more information:<\/em><br \/><a href=\"https:\/\/www.alaraby.co.uk\/english\/news\/2017\/5\/21\/bahraini-shia-cleric-gets-one-year-suspended-jail-term\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/www.alaraby.co.uk\/english\/news\/2017\/5\/21\/bahraini-shia-cleric-gets-one-year-suspended-jail-term<\/a><br \/><a href=\"http:\/\/www.bna.bh\/portal\/en\/news\/786867\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">http:\/\/www.bna.bh\/portal\/en\/news\/786867<\/a><br \/><a href=\"https:\/\/www.middleeastmonitor.com\/20170521-bahrains-top-shia-cleric-gets-one-year-suspended-jail-sentence\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/www.middleeastmonitor.com\/20170521-bahrains-top-shia-cleric-gets-one-year-suspended-jail-sentence<\/a><br \/><a href=\"http:\/\/www.alwasatnews.com\/news\/1242748.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">http:\/\/www.alwasatnews.com\/news\/1242748.html<\/a><br \/><a href=\"https:\/\/www.alaraby.co.uk\/english\/news\/2017\/5\/10\/bahrain-sends-first-civilian-case-to-military-court\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/www.alaraby.co.uk\/english\/news\/2017\/5\/10\/bahrain-sends-first-civilian-case-to-military-court<\/a><br \/><a href=\"https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/latest\/news\/2017\/05\/bahrain-first-civilian-case-referred-to-military-court\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/latest\/news\/2017\/05\/bahrain-first-civilian-case-referred-to-military-court<\/a><br \/><a href=\"http:\/\/www.bna.bh\/portal\/en\/news\/785166\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">http:\/\/www.bna.bh\/portal\/en\/news\/785166<\/a><br \/><a href=\"http:\/\/www.al-monitor.com\/pulse\/originals\/2017\/05\/bahrain-political-crisis-shiite-militancy-saudi-arabia-iran.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">http:\/\/www.al-monitor.com\/pulse\/originals\/2017\/05\/bahrain-political-crisis-shiite-militancy-saudi-arabia-iran<\/a><\/p>\n<p><strong>Iraq, 9 &ndash; 17.05.17: Kidnappings and Incendiary Rhetoric Fuelling Sectarian Narratives and Mistrust<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Reports of murder-kidnappings in the Baghdad area have added to tensions between Iraqi communities, as numerous bodies have been found on side streets and in rubbish skips across the capital, in what are apparently attacks mainly on Sunni residents of the city. A Baghdad police chief told one newspaper that 17 bodies had been found in two days and, according to local security and medical sources, the powerful Hashd al-Shaabi (Popular Mobilisation Forces) militias are behind the attacks. Reports stated that the victims were \u00ab\u00a0abducted by armed groups dressed in the uniform of the security forces.\u00a0\u00bb<\/p>\n<p>However, one Iraqi Member of Parliament, Abdul Karim Abtan, indicated that the sectarian kidnappings and killings are more widespread than commonly understood, indicating that he is \u00ab\u00a0receiving reports about this on a near daily basis,\u00a0\u00bb in addition to the spread of armed robbery, theft, organised crime and the drug trade in many cities. In other parts of the country, including Mosul and Anbar, more than 1,000 civilians have been forcibly disappeared, according to the Iraqi Observatory for Human Rights.<\/p>\n<p>Another Member of Parliament, Hamed al-Mutlaq, said in a press statement that \u00ab\u00a0the number of the kidnapped in the Sunni areas &mdash; including Anbar, Baghdad, Diyala and Salahuddin &mdash; amounts to more than 5,000 abductees,\u00a0\u00bb intimating that the kidnappings are being carried out by Shia parties. Writing for Al Monitor, the Iraqi journalist, Wassim Bassem, opined that the issue of kidnappings has become a sectarian issue in the country, pitting members of the Sunni community against their Shia compatriots. The statements of Sunni politicians like Abtan and al-Mutlaq have been met with similar accusations from politicians from Shia-majority blocs in government.<\/p>\n<p>On 8 May, Middle East Eye also reported the kidnapping of seven Iraqi anti-corruption activists from central Baghdad, who were all released a day later, following apparent \u00ab\u00a0sustained efforts by the interior minister and a special team,\u00a0\u00bb according to a spokesman for the Ministry of Interior. According to the local news source, Niqash, the kidnapped activists were also members of the Iraqi Communist Party, which has been a firm supporter of demonstrations against corruption in the government and demands for political reform. The extent and nature of the disappearances documented across Iraq indicate the need for government transparency on the issue, to detract from the current predominant sectarian narratives.<\/p>\n<p>Tensions between Iraq&rsquo;s religious communities were further strained by an incendiary speech by the head of Iraq&rsquo;s Shia Endowment, Sheikh Alaa al-Mousawi, in which he declared Iraq&rsquo;s Christian community to be \u00ab\u00a0infidels and polytheists\u00a0\u00bb and called for religious minorities to convert to Islam, take up jihad alongside Muslims, or pay the jizya tax. In response to his statements, which al-Mousawi says were taken out of context and are being instrumentalised to stoke inter-faith tensions, some 200 Iraqi Christian families have filed lawsuits against al-Mousawi. According to Rudaw, in response to the video, the three main Iraqi Churches, the Syriac Catholic Church, the Syriac Orthodox Church and the Chaldean Catholic Church \u00ab\u00a0issued a joint statement for the establishment of a safe haven under international protection for the country&rsquo;s increasingly persecuted Christians.\u00a0\u00bb However, contrary to this reported call for greater autonomy for Iraq&rsquo;s Christian community, Al Monitor reported that the head of the Chaldean Catholic Church in Iraq, Patriarch Mar Louis Raphael I Sako, called for establishing an Iraqi council for religions, or a national committee on religious dialogue, to achieve unity between the nation&rsquo;s religious leadership and \u00ab\u00a0to avoid division and create a culture of dialogue of which we are in the direst need.\u00a0\u00bb<\/p>\n<p><em>Links for more information:<\/em><br \/><a href=\"https:\/\/www.alaraby.co.uk\/politics\/2017\/5\/16\/17-%D8%AC%D8%AB%D8%A9-%D9%84%D8%B9%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%82%D9%8A%D9%8A%D9%86-%D9%83%D8%AA%D8%A8-%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%89-%D8%A8%D8%B9%D8%B6%D9%87%D8%A7-%D9%85%D9%85%D9%86%D9%88%D8%B9-%D8%AF%D8%AE%D9%88%D9%84-%D8%A8%D8%BA%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%AF\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/www.alaraby.co.uk\/politics\/2017\/5\/16\/17<\/a><br \/><a href=\"http:\/\/www.middleeasteye.net\/news\/iraqi-anti-corruption-activists-released-after-kidnapping-1412415433\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">http:\/\/www.middleeasteye.net\/news\/iraqi-anti-corruption-activists-released-after-kidnapping<\/a><br \/><a href=\"http:\/\/www.al-monitor.com\/pulse\/originals\/2017\/05\/sunni-shiite-kidnapping-sectarian--conflict.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">http:\/\/www.al-monitor.com\/pulse\/originals\/2017\/05\/sunni-shiite-kidnapping-sectarian&#8211;conflict<\/a><br \/><a href=\"http:\/\/www.rudaw.net\/english\/middleeast\/iraq\/140520171\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">http:\/\/www.rudaw.net\/english\/middleeast\/iraq\/140520171<\/a><br \/><a href=\"https:\/\/www.middleeastmonitor.com\/20170517-shia-cleric-iraq-christians-infidels-who-must-convert-or-be-killed\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/www.middleeastmonitor.com\/20170517-shia-cleric-iraq-christians-infidels-who-must-convert-or-be-killed<\/a><br \/><a href=\"http:\/\/www.al-monitor.com\/pulse\/originals\/2017\/05\/iraq-minorities-hate-speech-shiite-endowment-jihad.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">http:\/\/www.al-monitor.com\/pulse\/originals\/2017\/05\/iraq-minorities-hate-speech-shiite-endowment-jihad<\/a><\/p>\n<p><strong>Hongrie, 22.05.17 : Le gouvernement Orb&aacute;n sous pression<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Depuis quelques semaines le gouvernement du pr&eacute;sident hongrois Viktor Orb&aacute;n doit faire face &agrave; une pression accrue de la part de l&rsquo;Union europ&eacute;enne (UE). En effet le 17 mai dernier, la Commission europ&eacute;enne (CE) s&rsquo;est prononc&eacute;e en faveur d&rsquo;un d&eacute;clenchement d&rsquo;une seconde proc&eacute;dure d&rsquo;infraction &agrave; l&rsquo;&eacute;gard du gouvernement hongrois, renfor&ccedil;ant de mani&egrave;re plus pressante encore la premi&egrave;re proc&eacute;dure ouverte en 2015. La CE a en effet soulign&eacute; que sur les cinq points qui avaient &eacute;t&eacute; soulev&eacute;s alors, la Hongrie ne remplit toujours pas les standards requis par l&rsquo;UE sur trois sujets, &agrave; savoir : les proc&eacute;dures d&rsquo;asile (Directive 2013\/32\/EU), la politique de retour (Directive 2008\/115\/EC) et les conditions d&rsquo;accueil (Directive 2013\/33\/EU). Ces derniers mois, la Hongrie a en effet &eacute;t&eacute; au c&oelig;ur d&rsquo;une actualit&eacute; mettant en avant les conditions tr&egrave;s difficiles des r&eacute;fugi&eacute;s arrivant sur le sol hongrois, dont certains ont subi des retours forc&eacute;s &agrave; la fronti&egrave;re serbe. Les brutalit&eacute;s auxquelles devaient faire face les r&eacute;fugi&eacute;s ont &eacute;t&eacute; fermement d&eacute;nonc&eacute;es par plusieurs organisations non gouvernementales (ONG), dont Human Rights Watch et Amnesty International (pour plus d&rsquo;informations, Hongrie, 07.03.17: Adoption par le parlement d&rsquo;une loi r&eacute;introduisant la mise en d&eacute;tention syst&eacute;matique des migrants : http:\/\/cordoue.ch\/the-cordoba-update\/item\/503-the-cordoba-update-4-2017). Par l&rsquo;ouverture de cette nouvelle proc&eacute;dure, le gouvernement hongrois a une nouvelle fois deux mois pour r&eacute;pondre &agrave; la demande d&rsquo;information somm&eacute;e par l&rsquo;UE. Si le gouvernement n&rsquo;y r&eacute;pondait pas, il pourrait s&rsquo;en suivre une s&eacute;rie de sanctions, et cela jusqu&rsquo;&agrave; l&rsquo;activation de l&rsquo;article 7 du Trait&eacute; de l&rsquo;Union europ&eacute;enne. Cette activation pourrait, &agrave; terme, priver la Hongrie de ses droits de vote au sein de l&rsquo;UE, ce qui serait une premi&egrave;re pour l&rsquo;Union.<\/p>\n<p>Ce nouveau rappel &agrave; l&rsquo;ordre de l&rsquo;UE intervient dans un climat tr&egrave;s tendu, notamment suite &agrave; la d&eacute;cision prise par le parlement hongrois d&rsquo;interdire l&rsquo;accueil de nouveaux &eacute;tudiants &agrave; la Central European University (CEU), financ&eacute;e par George Soros, &agrave; partir du 1er janvier 2018, sous pr&eacute;texte de certaines &laquo; irr&eacute;gularit&eacute;s dans ses activit&eacute;s &raquo;. Cette d&eacute;cision signerait la fin de cette universit&eacute; priv&eacute;e et malgr&eacute; les pressions internationales et les nombreuses manifestations qui ont eu lieu, principalement &agrave; Budapest, la d&eacute;cision a &eacute;t&eacute; ent&eacute;rin&eacute;e par le Parlement le 4 avril 2017. Pour qu&rsquo;un retour sur ce vote parlementaire (123 voix pour\/38 contre) soit possible, il faudrait notamment selon la directive que la CEU ouvre dans les six mois un campus aux Etats-Unis, une condition jug&eacute;e irr&eacute;aliste et quasiment impossible &agrave; remplir.<\/p>\n<p>La pol&eacute;mique autour de la fermeture probable de la CEU semble s&rsquo;inscrire dans une dynamique de conflit interpersonnel, alors que le pr&eacute;sident Viktor Orb&aacute;n a &eacute;rig&eacute; le philanthrope et milliardaire am&eacute;ricain d&rsquo;origine hongroise George Soros en ennemi de la nation. Ce dernier est d&eacute;sign&eacute; comme un repr&eacute;sentant par excellence d&rsquo;une &eacute;lite capitaliste, qui ferait passer les valeurs de la globalisation avant celle de la nation, une rh&eacute;torique accusatrice raisonnant avec d&rsquo;autres discours de partis d&rsquo;extr&ecirc;me droites europ&eacute;ens, comme le Front National de Marine Le Pen en France.<\/p>\n<p>Fondateur de l&rsquo;ONG Open Society Foundations et ayant financ&eacute; la CEU, le philanthrope est la cible d&rsquo;attaques r&eacute;p&eacute;t&eacute;es du pr&eacute;sident hongrois mais aussi de l&rsquo;administration Trump. Depuis un certain temps d&eacute;j&agrave;, des s&eacute;nateurs r&eacute;publicains font en effet pression sur l&rsquo;administration Trump pour qu&rsquo;elle coupe ses soutiens aux campagnes de George Soros faisant la promotion des droits humains en Europe. D&rsquo;une mani&egrave;re g&eacute;n&eacute;rale, les extr&ecirc;mes droites europ&eacute;ennes clament que George Soros chercherait &agrave; d&eacute;truire une Europe qu&rsquo;ils qualifient de chr&eacute;tienne et blanche, en encourageant l&rsquo;arriv&eacute;e de r&eacute;fugi&eacute;s musulmans. Cette rh&eacute;torique contre l&rsquo;islam et les musulmans et qui associe r&eacute;fugi&eacute;s et musulmans est r&eacute;currente dans les discours de Viktor Orb&aacute;n. Ce dernier a en effet d&eacute;clar&eacute; : &laquo; nous ne devons pas oublier que les personnes qui arrivent ici ont grandi dans une religion diff&eacute;rente et repr&eacute;sentent une culture compl&egrave;tement diff&eacute;rente, la plupart ne sont pas chr&eacute;tiens mais musulmans. (&#8230;) Nous avons le droit de d&eacute;cider que nous ne voulons pas un nombre important de musulmans dans notre pays, nous n&rsquo;appr&eacute;cions pas les cons&eacute;quences d&rsquo;avoir un grand nombre de communaut&eacute;s musulmanes. (&#8230;) c&rsquo;est une exp&eacute;rience historique &raquo;. Interrog&eacute; &agrave; ce propos par la radio-t&eacute;l&eacute;vision turque (TRT World), le porte-parole du gouvernement Zolt&aacute;n Kov&aacute;cs, a d&eacute;clar&eacute; que le terme &laquo; exp&eacute;rience historique &raquo; faisait r&eacute;f&eacute;rence &agrave; presque deux cents ans de domination ottomane sur le pays et que l&rsquo;attitude du gouvernement visait uniquement &agrave; d&eacute;fendre la s&eacute;curit&eacute; des citoyens, vis-&agrave;-vis de ce qu&rsquo;il assimile assez explicitement comme une &laquo; invasion &raquo;. Interrog&eacute; sur le lien entre l&rsquo;arriv&eacute;e des r&eacute;fugi&eacute;s sur le sol hongrois et l&rsquo;exp&eacute;rience hongroise en la mati&egrave;re, il a ajout&eacute; que l&rsquo;Europe ne faisait pas aujourd&rsquo;hui face &agrave; une &laquo; crise des r&eacute;fugi&eacute;s &raquo; &#8211; comme cela avait &eacute;t&eacute; le cas selon lui durant la Seconde Guerre mondiale et sous l&rsquo;&egrave;re sovi&eacute;tique, impliquant la fuite des Hongrois vers des pays de l&rsquo;Europe de l&rsquo;Ouest et les Etats-Unis, entre autres &#8211; mais que l&rsquo;on faisait face &agrave; une &laquo; crise migratoire &raquo; sans pr&eacute;c&eacute;dent. Dans ce contexte, il est impossible selon Zolt&aacute;n Kov&aacute;cs que l&rsquo;Europe prenne toute la responsabilit&eacute; de la souffrance du monde.<\/p>\n<p>C&rsquo;est en soutien &agrave; l&rsquo;UE, contre la politique de Viktor Orb&aacute;n notamment &agrave; l&rsquo;&eacute;gard des ONG et contre la fermeture de l&rsquo;Universit&eacute; CEU, que des milliers de personnes se sont r&eacute;unies dans les rues de Budapest le dimanche 21 mai 2017. Cela t&eacute;moigne d&rsquo;une Hongrie fractur&eacute;e et &agrave; double vitesse, une partie de la population aspirant &agrave; plus d&rsquo;ouverture et au respect des libert&eacute;s fondamentales alors que l&rsquo;autre partie semble suivre la voie de la division, de l&rsquo;exclusion et du repli sur soi. Reste &agrave; voir si ces pressions accrues, &agrave; la fois internes et externes, parviendront &agrave; faire bouger les lignes d&rsquo;une politique gouvernementale aux relents populistes exacerb&eacute;s.<\/p>\n<p><em>Liens pour plus d&rsquo;informations :<\/em><br \/><a href=\"http:\/\/www.lemonde.fr\/europe\/article\/2017\/05\/22\/en-hongrie-des-milliers-de-personnes-manifestent-en-faveur-de-l-union-europeenne_5131420_3214.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">http:\/\/www.lemonde.fr\/europe\/article\/2017\/05\/22\/en-hongrie-des-milliers-de-personnes-manifestent-en-faveur-de-ue<\/a><br \/><a href=\"http:\/\/www.lemonde.fr\/europe\/article\/2017\/05\/17\/changement-de-ton-europeen-a-l-egard-de-varsovie-et-de-budapest_5129395_3214.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">http:\/\/www.lemonde.fr\/europe\/article\/2017\/05\/17\/changement-de-ton-europeen-a-l-egard-de-varsovie-et-de-budapest<\/a><br \/><a href=\"http:\/\/www.courrierinternational.com\/article\/hongrie-lunion-europeenne-menace-Orb&Atilde;&iexcl;n?utm_campaign=Echobox&amp;utm_medium=Social&amp;utm_source=Facebook#link_time=1495115073\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">http:\/\/www.courrierinternational.com\/article\/hongrie-lunion-europeenne-menace-Orb&aacute;n<\/a><br \/><a href=\"https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/commentisfree\/2017\/apr\/15\/dirty-tricks-demonise-george-soros?CMP=share_btn_link\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/commentisfree\/2017\/apr\/15\/dirty-tricks-demonise-george-soros<\/a><br \/><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2017\/04\/12\/world\/europe\/hungary-central-european-university-soros-Orb&Atilde;&iexcl;n.html?_r=1\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2017\/04\/12\/world\/europe\/hungary-central-european-university-soros-Orb&aacute;n<\/a><br \/><a href=\"http:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/indepth\/opinion\/2017\/04\/hungary-shut-university-170405104057150.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">http:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/indepth\/opinion\/2017\/04\/hungary-shut-university<\/a><br \/><a href=\"http:\/\/www.lemonde.fr\/europe\/article\/2017\/05\/11\/en-hongrie-viktor-Orb&Atilde;&iexcl;n-attaque-par-d-ex-compagnons-de-route_5125965_3214.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">http:\/\/www.lemonde.fr\/europe\/article\/2017\/05\/11\/en-hongrie-viktor-Orb&aacute;n-attaque-par-d-ex-compagnons-de-route<\/a><br \/><a href=\"http:\/\/budapestbeacon.com\/featured-articles\/european-commission-opens-yet-another-infringement-proceeding-hungary\/46881\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">http:\/\/budapestbeacon.com\/featured-articles\/european-commission-opens-yet-another-infringement-proceeding-hungary<\/a><br \/><a href=\"https:\/\/www.euractiv.com\/section\/freedom-of-thought\/news\/hungarians-protest-government-crackdown-on-universities-ngos\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/www.euractiv.com\/section\/freedom-of-thought\/news\/hungarians-protest-government-crackdown-on-universities-ngos<\/a><br \/><a href=\"https:\/\/www.euractiv.com\/section\/central-europe\/news\/eu-sets-june-deadline-for-poland-hungary-to-take-migrant-share\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/www.euractiv.com\/section\/central-europe\/news\/eu-sets-june-deadline-for-poland-hungary-to-take-migrant-share<\/a><br \/><a href=\"http:\/\/hungarianfreepress.com\/2017\/04\/04\/hungarys-parliament-votes-to-shut-down-central-european-university\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">http:\/\/hungarianfreepress.com\/2017\/04\/04\/hungarys-parliament-votes-to-shut-down-central-european-university<\/a><br \/><a href=\"http:\/\/europa.eu\/rapid\/press-release_IP-17-1285_en.htm\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">http:\/\/europa.eu\/rapid\/press-release_IP-17-1285<\/a><br \/><a href=\"http:\/\/europa.eu\/rapid\/press-release_IP-15-6228_en.htm\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">http:\/\/europa.eu\/rapid\/press-release_IP-15-6228<\/a><\/p>\n<p><strong>Arabie saoudite, 23.05.17 : Si&egrave;ge d&rsquo;une ville par les forces de s&eacute;curit&eacute;, des morts et l&rsquo;occasion d&rsquo;une analyse de la couverture m&eacute;diatique de l&rsquo;&eacute;v&eacute;nement<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Mercredi 10 mai, les forces de s&eacute;curit&eacute; saoudiennes sont entr&eacute;es dans la ville d&rsquo;Awamiyah, dans la province est du royaume, apr&egrave;s qu&rsquo;une &eacute;quipe charg&eacute;e de d&eacute;molir un quartier de la ville, sujet &agrave; un plan de r&eacute;am&eacute;nagement, les aurait appel&eacute;es au secours. Le minist&egrave;re de l&rsquo;int&eacute;rieur indique en effet que ce quartier aurait &eacute;t&eacute; utilis&eacute; comme cachette par des militants arm&eacute;s recherch&eacute;s par les autorit&eacute;s. Depuis, la ville est sous le si&egrave;ge des services de s&eacute;curit&eacute;. Plusieurs morts et des dizaines de bless&eacute;s civils sont &agrave; d&eacute;plorer. Le minist&egrave;re de l&rsquo;int&eacute;rieur a annonc&eacute; la mort d&rsquo;un soldat saoudien et les m&eacute;dias rapportent la mort d&rsquo;un des hommes arm&eacute;s recherch&eacute;s. Les forces de s&eacute;curit&eacute; ont bloqu&eacute; les routes principales de la ville, ce qui emp&ecirc;cherait les ambulances et les pompiers d&rsquo;entrer, selon certaines sources. Les conditions de vie se d&eacute;graderaient ainsi rapidement, les habitants souffriraient d&rsquo;un manque d&rsquo;eau et devraient s&rsquo;en remettre &agrave; des g&eacute;n&eacute;rateurs priv&eacute;s &agrave; cause de la coupure d&rsquo;&eacute;lectricit&eacute;.<\/p>\n<p>Apr&egrave;s plus de dix jours de crise, huit ulama de Qatif ont publi&eacute; un communiqu&eacute; commun appelant les hommes arm&eacute;s &agrave; d&eacute;poser les armes, condamnant le recours &agrave; la violence qui ne rendrait que plus complexes les probl&egrave;mes au lieu de les r&eacute;soudre.<\/p>\n<p>Les habitants de cette r&eacute;gion ont r&eacute;guli&egrave;rement &eacute;lev&eacute; leurs voix pour condamner ce qu&rsquo;ils consid&egrave;rent comme des atteintes &agrave; leurs droits et une discrimination de traitement de leur r&eacute;gion, la province de Qatif &agrave; forte majorit&eacute; chiite, sujette selon eux &agrave; un sous-investissement de la part du gouvernement bien que r&eacute;gion tr&egrave;s riche en p&eacute;trole. La r&eacute;gion est de l&rsquo;Arabie saoudite a en effet connu de violents affrontements entre la population et les forces de l&rsquo;ordre en 2011, lors de la vague de soul&egrave;vements populaires, ces affrontements reprenant r&eacute;guli&egrave;rement depuis. La ville m&ecirc;me d&rsquo;Awamiyah est tristement c&eacute;l&egrave;bre pour &ecirc;tre la ville d&rsquo;origine du cheikh Nimr al-Nimr, mis &agrave; mort le 2 janvier 2016 lors de l&rsquo;ex&eacute;cution de masse de plus de 40 condamn&eacute;s. Elle est &eacute;galement la ville d&rsquo;origine du jeune Ali al-Nimr, arr&ecirc;t&eacute; en 2012 pour avoir particip&eacute; &agrave; des manifestations en 2011 et condamn&eacute; &agrave; l&rsquo;&acirc;ge de 17 ans &agrave; la d&eacute;capitation et &agrave; la crucifixion de son corps en public (sa peine, ratifi&eacute;e par le roi, n&rsquo;a cependant pas encore &eacute;t&eacute; appliqu&eacute;e).<\/p>\n<p>Cette crise intervient alors que le gouvernement a d&eacute;cid&eacute; de mettre en &oelig;uvre un plan de r&eacute;am&eacute;nagement du vieux quartier de la ville, qui d&eacute;truira un site historique vieux de 400 ans. En effet, le gouvernement a l&rsquo;intention de transformer ce site principalement r&eacute;sidentiel en un centre de commerces et de services. Pour ce faire, les habitants de quelque 480 unit&eacute;s r&eacute;sidentielles auraient &eacute;t&eacute; incit&eacute;s &agrave; quitter leurs habitations et leurs commerces par diff&eacute;rents moyens de pression, incluant la coupure d&rsquo;&eacute;lectricit&eacute;, et cela sans qu&rsquo;une option ad&eacute;quate de logement alternatif ne leur soit propos&eacute;e, les laissant au mieux avec une compensation insuffisante, au pire avec nulle part o&ugrave; aller, selon une d&eacute;claration du rapporteur sp&eacute;cial pour les Nations Unies pour le droit d&rsquo;un logement ad&eacute;quat, Leilani Farha. En effet, alert&eacute;es par cette d&eacute;cision, les Nations Unies, &agrave; travers ses experts sur les droits culturels, le logement et l&rsquo;extr&ecirc;me pauvret&eacute;, ont interpell&eacute; le gouvernement saoudien, lui demandant de stopper ce projet qui menacerait l&rsquo;h&eacute;ritage historique et culturel de la ville de dommages irr&eacute;versibles.<\/p>\n<p>Alors que l&rsquo;&eacute;v&eacute;nement manque de visibilit&eacute; en occident, les m&eacute;dias li&eacute;s aux deux puissances r&eacute;gionales, Iran et Arabie saoudite, se saisissent de l&rsquo;affaire dans un affrontement direct de deux narratifs, la lutte de la r&eacute;sistance contre les &laquo; grandes puissances &raquo;, d&rsquo;un c&ocirc;t&eacute;, et la lutte anti-terroriste de l&rsquo;autre, le tout parsem&eacute; de r&eacute;f&eacute;rences religieuses, instrumentalisant les identit&eacute;s sunnites et chiites. C&rsquo;est ainsi l&rsquo;occasion d&rsquo;une analyse plus profonde de leurs proc&eacute;d&eacute;s journalistiques.<\/p>\n<p>La couverture de l&rsquo;agence iranienne PressTV est int&eacute;ressante en ce qu&rsquo;elle propose deux lignes distinctes. La premi&egrave;re mise sur &laquo; l&rsquo;axe de la r&eacute;sistance &raquo;. En effet, liant cet &eacute;v&eacute;nement &agrave; la visite du pr&eacute;sident am&eacute;ricain dans le royaume, les articles accusent l&rsquo;Arabie saoudite d&rsquo;avoir obtenu des Etats-Unis la permission de s&rsquo;adonner &agrave; ces violences contre son propre peuple et de vouloir d&eacute;clencher une guerre &laquo; sunnite-chiite &raquo; dans l&rsquo;int&eacute;r&ecirc;t des &laquo; grandes puissances &raquo;, Isra&euml;l et Etats-Unis en t&ecirc;te, &laquo; quitte &agrave; provoquer une guerre civile sur le sol saoudien &raquo;. Sur cette ligne, l&rsquo;agence fait appel &agrave; des analystes proches du Hezbollah libanais et rapporte les propos d&rsquo;un haut commandant des Unit&eacute;s de mobilisation populaire d&rsquo;Irak, comparant le si&egrave;ge d&rsquo;Awamiyah &agrave; celui de Gaza. Dans un autre article, cependant, elle se veut le reflet d&rsquo;une solidarit&eacute; transnationale chiite, d&eacute;fenseur de cette confession, au risque de prendre en otage tous les chiites de la r&eacute;gion et d&rsquo;exclure la diversit&eacute; cach&eacute;e sous cette d&eacute;nomination, et annihilant les diff&eacute;rents contextes nationaux et les int&eacute;r&ecirc;ts politiques tout &agrave; fait mondains locaux et r&eacute;gionaux des diff&eacute;rents acteurs. En effet, un article, sous le titre de &laquo; Quelques v&eacute;rit&eacute;s sur l&rsquo;assaut saoudien : comment l&rsquo;Arabie saoudite s&rsquo;en prend aux chiites ? &raquo; met en avant le fait que l&rsquo;incursion des forces de s&eacute;curit&eacute; saoudienne a &eacute;t&eacute; agend&eacute;e lors des c&eacute;r&eacute;monies de c&eacute;l&eacute;bration de l&rsquo;anniversaire de l&rsquo;Imam Mahdi et met cela en relation avec les propos r&eacute;cents du vice-prince h&eacute;ritier, Mohammad ben Salman. Celui-ci, en effet, avait mis en doute toute possibilit&eacute; de dialogue avec l&rsquo;Iran, arguant qu&rsquo;il &eacute;tait impossible de trouver un terrain d&rsquo;entente avec un r&eacute;gime qui voudrait s&#8217;emparer du monde musulman afin de pr&eacute;parer l&rsquo;arriv&eacute;e de l&rsquo;Imam Mahdi. PressTV accuse alors le prince de renier la lign&eacute;e proph&eacute;tique du douzi&egrave;me imam, que l&rsquo;agence revendique comme fait unanimement reconnu par les diff&eacute;rentes &eacute;coles islamiques, revendiquant ainsi sa place de grand protecteur de l&rsquo;islam et des musulmans dans le monde. Finalement, l&rsquo;article rapporte dans le menu d&eacute;tail ce qui est arriv&eacute; aux diff&eacute;rentes victimes de ce si&egrave;ge, faisant ainsi une r&eacute;f&eacute;rence voil&eacute;e au martyr chiite sous une puissance sunnite, th&egrave;me r&eacute;current de la propagande des m&eacute;dias li&eacute;s au r&eacute;gime iranien.<\/p>\n<p>De l&rsquo;autre c&ocirc;t&eacute; parmi les sources proches du gouvernement saoudien, l&rsquo;agence Al Arabiya, pr&eacute;sente un discours ancr&eacute; dans la lutte anti-terroriste. L&rsquo;article explique que les services de s&eacute;curit&eacute; ont &eacute;t&eacute; appel&eacute; &agrave; l&rsquo;aide par la compagnie de destruction en charge de d&eacute;molir des maisons tomb&eacute;es en ruine (&laquo; dilapidated houses &raquo;), passant sous silence la contestation populaire face &agrave; la d&eacute;molition d&rsquo;un site culturel important et l&rsquo;expropriation forc&eacute;e. A en lire les articles, en effet, le vieux quartier se r&eacute;sumait &agrave; &ecirc;tre le rep&egrave;re de terroristes ayant pris les armes en voyant que leur cachette allait &ecirc;tre d&eacute;mont&eacute;e. Les actions des forces de s&eacute;curit&eacute;, illustr&eacute;es par un portfolio pr&eacute;sentant les forces saoudiennes venir en aide aux civils, ne laissent la place &agrave; aucune critique ni aucun questionnement, alors que le d&eacute;go&ucirc;t des lecteurs est suscit&eacute; face &agrave; des tueurs d&rsquo;enfants, comme le montre un article tr&egrave;s port&eacute; sur l&rsquo;&eacute;motionnel. Toute interpr&eacute;tation supposant la discrimination de la population chiite est reni&eacute;e et toute personne continuant &agrave; aller dans ce sens est consid&eacute;r&eacute;e comme terroriste ou &laquo; chiite extr&eacute;miste &raquo;. Dans son article mettant en garde contre le chiisme politique, Turki Aldakhil, general manager d&rsquo;Al Arabiya News Channel, affirme que les chiites d&rsquo;Arabie saoudite sont d&rsquo;abord saoudiens, puis chiites, partie int&eacute;grante du tissu social saoudien. Notant que les diff&eacute;rentes dynasties saoudiennes ne les ont jamais cibl&eacute;s n&eacute;gativement du fait de leur affiliation chiite, il pr&eacute;cise que le premier roi de la dynastie actuelle, Abdulaziz Al Saoud, leur a cependant recommand&eacute;, &laquo; dans un &eacute;lan fraternel &raquo;, de ne pas exag&eacute;rer leur visibilit&eacute;. Il finit par affirmer que les chiites saoudiens ne sont pas en manque de patriotisme avant d&rsquo;opposer &agrave; ces chiites saoudiens les &laquo; chiites extr&eacute;mistes &raquo;. Cet article, sous ses airs inclusifs, met bien les chiites saoudiens devant la seule alternative qui leur est propos&eacute;e : soit ils se montrent &laquo; patriotes &raquo;, c&rsquo;est-&agrave;-dire qu&rsquo;ils se consid&egrave;rent comme compl&egrave;tement int&eacute;gr&eacute;s au tissu social saoudien et n&rsquo;auraient en aucun cas l&rsquo;id&eacute;e de r&eacute;clamer plus de droits, soit ils sont des extr&eacute;mistes et seront combattus comme tels. L&rsquo;ancien &eacute;diteur en chef d&rsquo;Asharq al-Awsat, Salman al-Dossary, est m&ecirc;me plus explicite : la r&eacute;cente utilisation d&rsquo;un missile RPG dans les affrontements &agrave; Awamiyah aurait r&eacute;v&eacute;l&eacute; la v&eacute;rit&eacute; brute : en 2011, le monde aurait &eacute;t&eacute; dup&eacute; par les groupes terroristes jouant la carte des manifestations pacifiques pour cacher leurs r&eacute;els objectifs, qu&rsquo;ils d&eacute;voilent ouvertement &agrave; pr&eacute;sent. Mettant ainsi les manifestants pacifiques dans le m&ecirc;me panier que les opposants ayant recours &agrave; la violence, il discr&eacute;dite ainsi totalement les revendications &agrave; la base de ces protestations.<\/p>\n<p>Ainsi ces deux pouvoirs, Arabie saoudite et Iran, cherchent-ils &agrave; instrumentaliser les soci&eacute;t&eacute;s du Moyen-Orient, que ce soit au nom de l&rsquo;axe de la r&eacute;sistance ou de la lutte anti-terroriste. Ils simplifient les situations pour ne laisser aux habitants qu&rsquo;une alternative funeste : avec nous ou contre nous, discours d&eacute;j&agrave; entendu chez d&rsquo;autres et qui, depuis 2001, n&rsquo;a cess&eacute; d&rsquo;apporter son lot de victimes.<\/p>\n<p><em>Liens pour plus d&rsquo;informations :<\/em><br \/><a href=\"http:\/\/www.middleeasteye.net\/news\/several-killed-saudi-town-enters-fifth-day-siege-2023122130\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">http:\/\/www.middleeasteye.net\/news\/several-killed-saudi-town-enters-fifth-day-siege<\/a><br \/><a href=\"http:\/\/www.ohchr.org\/EN\/NewsEvents\/Pages\/DisplayNews.aspx?NewsID=21482&amp;LangID=E\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">http:\/\/www.ohchr.org\/EN\/NewsEvents\/Pages\/DisplayNews.aspx?NewsID=21482<\/a><br \/><a href=\"https:\/\/www.alaraby.co.uk\/english\/news\/2017\/5\/16\/saudi-soldier-killed-as-eastern-province-unrest-continues\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/www.alaraby.co.uk\/english\/news\/2017\/5\/16\/saudi-soldier-killed-as-eastern-province-unrest-continues<\/a><br \/><a href=\"http:\/\/af.reuters.com\/article\/worldNews\/idAFKCN18C1IW\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">http:\/\/af.reuters.com\/article\/worldNews\/idAFKCN18C1IW<\/a><br \/><a href=\"http:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/world\/middle-east\/saudi-arabia-shia-militia-clashes-siege-awamiyah-almosara-nimr-al-nimr-a7737271.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">http:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/world\/middle-east\/saudi-arabia-shia-militia-clashes-siege-awamiyah-almosara<\/a><br \/><a href=\"https:\/\/www.romandie.com\/news\/Arabie-un-policier-tue-dans-une-attaque-dans-une-ville-chiite-ministere\/796335.rom\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/www.romandie.com\/news\/Arabie-un-policier-tue-dans-une-attaque-dans-une-ville-chiite-ministere<\/a><br \/><a href=\"https:\/\/www.swissinfo.ch\/eng\/reuters\/several-injured-in-saudi-raid-on-shi-ite-district---activists\/43171460\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/www.swissinfo.ch\/eng\/reuters\/several-injured-in-saudi-raid-on-shi-ite-district<\/a><br \/><a href=\"https:\/\/sabq.org\/%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%A1-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%82%D8%B7%D9%8A%D9%81-%D9%8A%D8%AF%D8%B9%D9%88%D9%86-%D9%85%D8%B3%D9%84%D8%AD%D9%8A-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%A9-%D8%A5%D9%84%D9%89-%D8%A5%D9%84%D9%82%D8%A7%D8%A1-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AD-%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%82%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%AF-%D9%84%D9%84%D9%82%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%88%D9%86\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/sabq.org\/%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%A1<\/a><br \/><a href=\"http:\/\/www.middleeasteye.net\/news\/untold-story-prisoners-arrested-children-and-mentally-unwell-inmates-executed-saudi-8396661\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">http:\/\/www.middleeasteye.net\/news\/untold-story-prisoners-arrested-children-and-mentally-unwell-inmates-executed-saudi<\/a><br \/><a href=\"http:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/world\/ali-mohammed-al-nimr-protester-who-was-tortured-into-making-a-confession-will-be-executed-within-a6860696.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">http:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/world\/ali-mohammed-al-nimr-protester-who-was-tortured-into-making-a-confession<\/a><br \/><a href=\"https:\/\/pages.rts.ch\/emissions\/temps-present\/8461554-la-verite-sur-l-arabie-saoudite.html#8505188\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/pages.rts.ch\/emissions\/temps-present\/8461554-la-verite-sur-l-arabie-saoudite<\/a><br \/><a href=\"http:\/\/www.presstv.ir\/DetailFr\/2017\/05\/17\/522229\/Arabie-saoudite--Awamiya-explose\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">http:\/\/www.presstv.ir\/DetailFr\/2017\/05\/17\/522229\/Arabie-saoudite&#8211;Awamiya-explose<\/a><br \/><a href=\"http:\/\/www.tdg.ch\/monde\/riyad-exclut-dialogue-iran\/story\/13241579\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">http:\/\/www.tdg.ch\/monde\/riyad-exclut-dialogue-iran\/story\/13241579<\/a><br \/><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2017\/05\/02\/world\/middleeast\/saudi-arabia-iran-defense-minister.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2017\/05\/02\/world\/middleeast\/saudi-arabia-iran-defense-minister<\/a><br \/><a href=\"http:\/\/presstv.ir\/Detail\/2017\/05\/15\/521996\/AlAwamiya--une-rsistance-de-pair-avec-les-Gazaouis\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">http:\/\/presstv.ir\/Detail\/2017\/05\/15\/521996\/AlAwamiya&#8211;une-rsistance-de-pair-avec-les-Gazaouis<\/a><br \/><a href=\"http:\/\/www.presstv.ir\/Detail\/2017\/05\/14\/521895\/Comment-lArabie-saoudite-sen-prend-aux-chiites-\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">http:\/\/www.presstv.ir\/Detail\/2017\/05\/14\/521895\/Comment-lArabie-saoudite-sen-prend-aux-chiites<\/a><br \/><a href=\"http:\/\/english.alarabiya.net\/en\/News\/gulf\/2017\/05\/13\/How-little-Jawad-got-killed-in-Awamiya-attacks.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">http:\/\/english.alarabiya.net\/en\/News\/gulf\/2017\/05\/13\/How-little-Jawad-got-killed-in-Awamiya-attacks<\/a><br \/><a href=\"https:\/\/english.alarabiya.net\/en\/features\/2017\/05\/13\/IN-PICTURES-How-Saudi-forces-protected-civilians-from-terrorists-fire-in-Qatif.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/english.alarabiya.net\/en\/features\/2017\/05\/13\/IN-PICTURES-How-Saudi-forces-protected-civilians-from-terrorists<\/a><br \/><a href=\"http:\/\/english.alarabiya.net\/en\/views\/news\/middle-east\/2017\/05\/18\/Sectarian-Shiism-versus-political-Shiism-threat.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">http:\/\/english.alarabiya.net\/en\/views\/news\/middle-east\/2017\/05\/18\/Sectarian-Shiism-versus-political-Shiism-threat<\/a><br \/><a href=\"http:\/\/english.aawsat.com\/salman-aldossary\/opinion\/rpj-al-awamiyah\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">http:\/\/english.aawsat.com\/salman-aldossary\/opinion\/rpj-al-awamiyah<\/a><\/p>\n<p><strong>Mauritanie, 20.05.17 : les autorit&eacute;s lancent un avertissement aux chiites<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>A la veille d&rsquo;un voyage que devait effectuer le Pr&eacute;sident Mohamed Ould Abdel Aziz en Arabie Saoudite pour prendre part &agrave; la rencontre entre les leaders du monde musulman et le Pr&eacute;sident Donald Trump, les autorit&eacute;s mauritaniennes ont emp&ecirc;ch&eacute; la tenue d&rsquo;une r&eacute;union des adeptes du courant chiite dans le pays. Ce courant qui revendiquerait plus de mille personnes selon ses leaders, s&rsquo;appr&ecirc;tait &agrave; mettre en place un Haut conseil pour les chiites de Mauritanie. Au m&ecirc;me moment le ministre des Affaires &eacute;trang&egrave;res aurait convoqu&eacute; l&rsquo;Ambassadeur d&rsquo;Iran en Mauritanie &agrave; qui il aurait notifi&eacute; le refus de la Mauritanie de toute activit&eacute; de nature &agrave; mettre en cause la place du sunnisme et du rite mal&eacute;kite dans le pays. Le ministre aurait enfin demand&eacute; &agrave; l&rsquo;Ambassadeur d&rsquo;Iran de transmettre &agrave; T&eacute;h&eacute;ran un message clair, &agrave; savoir le refus de la Mauritanie d&rsquo;accepter une quelconque interf&eacute;rence dans ses affaires int&eacute;rieures, notamment vis-&agrave;-vis de la question religieuse.<\/p>\n<p>D&rsquo;autre part, le Commissaire Abdallahi Ould Baba, Directeur de la s&ucirc;ret&eacute; de l&rsquo;Etat (DSE, police politique) a convoqu&eacute; M. Bekar Ould Bekar, leader de la communaut&eacute; chiite mauritanienne et d&rsquo;autres personnes impliqu&eacute;es dans la pr&eacute;paration de la rencontre. Il leur aurait demand&eacute; de mettre en suspens leurs activit&eacute;s devenues, visiblement, trop g&ecirc;nantes. Ainsi, selon une source journalistique, les personnes &agrave; l&rsquo;origine de cette initiative, inconnues sur les sc&egrave;nes religieuse, culturelle et politique, auraient &eacute;t&eacute; mises en garde par le Directeur de la s&ucirc;ret&eacute; de l&rsquo;Etat contre de telles initiatives &agrave; l&rsquo;avenir. Selon cette m&ecirc;me source, le groupe entretiendrait des relations avec des milieux chiites, iraniens et libanais, dont la plupart sont actifs au S&eacute;n&eacute;gal voisin.<\/p>\n<p>Pour rappel, la Mauritanie avait interdit toute activit&eacute; li&eacute;e au Hezbollah libanais ou destin&eacute;e &agrave; changer le rite mal&eacute;kite de la soci&eacute;t&eacute; mauritanienne. Pourtant, les personnes qui ont adh&eacute;r&eacute; au rite chiite, ont ni&eacute; toute relation avec l&rsquo;Ambassade d&rsquo;Iran &agrave; Nouakchott, ni avec le Hezbollah.<\/p>\n<p><em>Liens pour plus d&rsquo;informations :<\/em><br \/><a href=\"http:\/\/www.cridem.org\/C_Info.php?article=698277\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">http:\/\/www.cridem.org\/C_Info.php?article=698277<\/a><\/p>\n<p><strong>Mauritanie, le 21.05.17 : Des jeunes noirs manifestent contre la place des langues nationales dans les m&eacute;dias du pays<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Des dizaines de jeunes noirs mauritaniens originaires des communaut&eacute;s dites &laquo; N&eacute;gro-Mauritaniennes &raquo; ont organis&eacute; un sit-in devant le si&egrave;ge de la t&eacute;l&eacute;vision nationale mauritanienne (TVM). Ils ont brandi des banderoles r&eacute;clamant plus de respect et de prise en compte des langues nationales (Poular, Wolof et Sonink&eacute;) dans les organes de presses du pays. Ils pointent du doigt essentiellement les organes de presse publics tout en faisant le m&ecirc;me reproche &agrave; certains organes de la presse priv&eacute;e. Ils accusent les responsables de ces organes, tous de souche arabe, de marginaliser les langues des trois autres communaut&eacute;s non-arabes du pays.<\/p>\n<p>Selon les manifestants, les langues nationales ne sont pas suffisamment prises en compte dans la grille des programmes des organes de presse, ce qui est une discrimination injustifi&eacute;e et va &agrave; l&rsquo;encontre de la diversit&eacute; naturelle sur laquelle est b&acirc;ti le pays. Ils reprochent aux pouvoirs publics de mal g&eacute;rer la diversit&eacute; du pays et de fermer les yeux sur des agissements discriminatoires dans la sph&egrave;re publique, ce qui constituerait une v&eacute;ritable menace pour la stabilit&eacute; et la coh&eacute;sion sociale dans le pays.<\/p>\n<p><em>Liens pour plus d&rsquo;informations :<\/em><br \/><a href=\"http:\/\/meyadin.net\/node\/8076\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">http:\/\/meyadin.net\/node\/8076<\/a><br \/><a href=\"http:\/\/www.cridem.org\/C_Info.php?article=698085\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">http:\/\/www.cridem.org\/C_Info.php?article=698085<\/a><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #902323;\"><strong>VIOLENT EXTREMISM AND THE WAR ON TERROR \/ EXTR&Eacute;MISME VIOLENT ET LA GUERRE CONTRE LA TERREUR<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p><strong>Riyadh, 22.05.2017: The Arab-Islamic-American Leaders&rsquo; Summit<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>The Arab-Islamic-American leaders&rsquo; summit was held in Riyadh on May 21, 2017 in the presence of as many as 55 leaders and representatives of Arab and Islamic countries and the US, whose President Donald Trump made a 30-minute speech on his first foreign visit since taking office. Trump&rsquo;s speech held Iran responsible for global extremism and urged Arab and Muslim nations to freeze channels of funding for groups including the Islamic State and Hezbollah. Trump said there is still much work to do in \u00ab\u00a0confronting the crisis of Islamist extremism and the Islamist terror groups it inspires.\u00a0\u00bb On economic ties, he said some $400 billion in agreements signed this weekend with Saudi Arabia would create hundreds of thousands of jobs in both countries. Trump added that Arab and Muslim countries had suffered the deadliest toll of radicalism: \u00ab\u00a0Innocent blood soaked into the ancient ground &#8230; knows no religion, faith or tribe.\u00a0\u00bb<\/p>\n<p>The Riyadh Declaration, released following the conclusion of the summit, includes five sections: (1) the close partnership between the leaders of Arab and Islamic countries and the US leader to confront extremism &amp; terrorism, (2) promoting coexistence and constructive tolerance between different countries, religions and cultures, (3) confronting sectarian agendas and interference in other countries&rsquo; affairs, (4) countering piracy and protecting navigation and (5) follow-up mechanisms. The Declaration stressed that the leaders affirmed \u00ab\u00a0the firm commitment of their States to combat terrorism in all its forms, address its intellectual roots, dry up its sources of funding and to take all necessary measures to prevent and combat terrorist crimes in close cooperation among their states.\u00a0\u00bb They \u00ab\u00a0welcomed the establishment of a global center for countering extremist thought to take base (sic) in Riyadh.\u00a0\u00bb The leaders welcomed \u00ab\u00a0the readiness of a number of Islamic countries to participate in the Islamic Military Coalition to combat terrorism to provide a reserve force of 34,000 troops to support operations against terrorist organizations in Iraq and Syria when needed.\u00a0\u00bb The leaders \u00ab\u00a0explained their countries&rsquo; rejection of any attempt to draw a link between terrorism and any religion, culture or race, affirming the importance of broadening the scope of meaningful and serious cultural dialogue.<\/p>\n<p><em>Links for more information:<\/em><br \/><a href=\"http:\/\/thehill.com\/blogs\/pundits-blog\/the-administration\/334454-full-speech-president-donald-trump-address-in-saudi\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">http:\/\/thehill.com\/blogs\/pundits-blog\/the-administration\/334454-full-speech-president-donald-trump<\/a><br \/><a href=\"http:\/\/www.arabnews.com\/node\/1103126\/saudi-arabia\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">http:\/\/www.arabnews.com\/node\/1103126\/saudi-arabia<\/a><br \/><a href=\"http:\/\/english.aawsat.com\/asharq-al-awsat-english\/news-middle-east\/saudi-arabia\/riyadh-declaration-cements-arab-islamic-us-partnership-facing-terrorism-iran\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">http:\/\/english.aawsat.com\/asharq-al-awsat-english\/news-middle-east\/saudi-arabia\/riyadh-declaration<\/a><br \/><a href=\"https:\/\/www.bna.bh\/portal\/en\/news\/787075\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/www.bna.bh\/portal\/en\/news\/787075<\/a><br \/><a href=\"http:\/\/www.firstpost.com\/world\/donald-trump-attends-first-arab-islamic-american-summit-was-this-political-event-just-to-isolate-iran-3467458.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">http:\/\/www.firstpost.com\/world\/donald-trump-attends-first-arab-islamic-american-summit<\/a><\/p>\n<p><strong>Mali, 23.05.17 : Deux casques bleus tu&eacute;s dans le nord du pays<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Selon des sources de presse, deux Casques bleus ont &eacute;t&eacute; tu&eacute;s au Mali et un troisi&egrave;me bless&eacute; mardi dans une embuscade tendue aux environs d&rsquo;Aguelhok (nord-est), pr&egrave;s de la fronti&egrave;re alg&eacute;rienne, a annonc&eacute; la Mission des Nations unies (MINUSMA).<\/p>\n<p>Les victimes effectuaient une patrouille &agrave; pied, t&ocirc;t le matin vers 06H30 GMT lorsqu&rsquo;ils ont &eacute;t&eacute; attaqu&eacute;s &agrave; 5 km d&rsquo;Aguelhok, selon un communiqu&eacute; de la force mission onusienne qui n&rsquo;a cependant pas r&eacute;v&eacute;l&eacute; la nationalit&eacute; des soldats tu&eacute;s. Des informations non confirm&eacute;es affirment que ces derniers feraient partie du contingent tchadien.<\/p>\n<p>Cit&eacute; dans ce communiqu&eacute;, le chef de la MINUSMA, Mahamat Saleh Annadif souligne que \u00ab\u00a0cette attaque s&rsquo;ajoute &agrave; une vague de violences qui, au cours des derni&egrave;res semaines, a cibl&eacute; sans distinction les populations civiles, les forces arm&eacute;es maliennes et les forces internationales\u00a0\u00bb. Il a ensuite affirm&eacute; que \u00ab\u00a0ces violences ne visent qu&rsquo;&agrave; &eacute;branler les efforts du camp de la paix pour ramener la stabilit&eacute; et l&rsquo;unit&eacute; au Mali\u00a0\u00bb, et a r&eacute;affirm&eacute; le soutien de la MINUSMA aux efforts du gouvernement malien et des autres parties signataires ainsi que du peuple du Mali, dans la mise en &oelig;uvre de l&rsquo;accord de paix.<\/p>\n<p>Cette attaque intervient moins de trois jours apr&egrave;s la visite &agrave; Gao (nord) du nouveau pr&eacute;sident fran&ccedil;ais Emmanuel Macron qui avait r&eacute;serv&eacute; la premi&egrave;re visite de son voyage en Afrique au contingent fran&ccedil;ais de l&rsquo;op&eacute;ration Barkhane.<\/p>\n<p><em>Liens pour plus d&rsquo;informations :<\/em><br \/><a href=\"http:\/\/news.abamako.com\/h\/161571.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">http:\/\/news.abamako.com\/h\/161571.html<\/a><br \/><a href=\"http:\/\/news.abamako.com\/h\/161463.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">http:\/\/news.abamako.com\/h\/161463.html<\/a><br \/><a href=\"http:\/\/news.abamako.com\/h\/161241.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">http:\/\/news.abamako.com\/h\/161241.html<\/a><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<p><em>The views and perspectives contained in the Weekly Update are from individual contributors and external sources, and do not necessarily reflect the opinions or position of the Cordoba Foundation of Geneva. The links are neither intended as an endorsement of particular publications nor the only source for the updates, but to connect to information in the public domain, for those interested in background or further details.<\/em><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>10th &#8211; 22th May 2017 Cordoba Foundation of Geneva<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":596,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[15],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-637","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-newsletter"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.3 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>The Cordoba Update 9\/2017 - Cordoba Peace Institute | Fran\u00e7ais<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/cpi-geneva.org\/fr\/the-cordoba-update-9-2017\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fr_FR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"The Cordoba Update 9\/2017 - 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