{"id":594,"date":"2016-11-09T19:35:07","date_gmt":"2016-11-09T19:35:07","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/cpi-geneva.org\/fr\/2016\/11\/09\/the-cordoba-update-19-2016\/"},"modified":"2016-11-09T19:35:07","modified_gmt":"2016-11-09T19:35:07","slug":"the-cordoba-update-19-2016","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/cpi-geneva.org\/fr\/the-cordoba-update-19-2016\/","title":{"rendered":"The Cordoba Update 19\/2016"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><!-- {lofimg src=\"\/images\/stories\/Cordoba-Update_logo.jpg\"} --><\/p>\n<div><strong>25<sup>th<\/sup> October &#8211; 8<sup>th<\/sup> November 2016<br \/><\/strong><\/div>\n<div>Cordoba Foundation of Geneva<em><br \/><\/em><\/div>\n<p><!--more--><\/p>\n<style scoped=\"scoped\" type=\"text\/css\"><!--\ntd {\n\t\t\tbackground: #f5f4ef none repeat scroll 0 0;\n\t\t\tvertical-align: top;\n\t\t\tpadding: 6px 12px;\n\t\t}\n\t\ttd.cuintro {\n\t\t\tbackground: #F7FAFE none repeat scroll 0 0;\n\t\t}\n\t\tul {\n\t\t\tmargin: 0 0.5em 0 1em;\n\t\t\tpadding: 0;\n\t\t}\n\t\tli {\n\t\t\tmargin-bottom: 0;\n\t\t\tpadding-left: 9px;\n\t\t\ttext-align: left;\n\t\t}\n--><\/style>\n<div>\n<table border=\"0\" style=\"width: 100%;\" cellspacing=\"4\" cellpadding=\"4\" align=\"center\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"cuintro\">\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\">The bi-weekly CORDOBA UPDATE is the product of continuous monitoring work, carried out by the Cordoba Foundation of Geneva team. By analysing and reporting on key events and trends in the Foundation&rsquo;s areas of interest, we aim to draw readers&rsquo; attention to pertinent developments in North Africa, the Sahel, West Asia and Europe, which are not always covered in &lsquo;mainstream&rsquo; media.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\">In addition to sharing news from these four regions, the Cordoba Update is an opportunity for the Foundation to provide regular updates on its publications, events and other developments.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\">In line with the programmes and projects funded by partners of the Cordoba Foundation of Geneva, updates and information are included under the following themes:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\">Islamist-Secular relations;<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\">Transition and Political participation;<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\">Relations between communities of different ethnic, cultural and religious affiliations;<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\">Violent extremism and the war on terror;<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\">The Cordoba Foundation of Geneva in the media;<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\">General information.<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\"><br \/><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\">For questions and\/or feedback regarding the content and form of the Cordoba Update, please contact Sarah Franck: <a href=\"mailto:sarah.franck@cordoue.ch\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">sarah.franck@cordoue.ch<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<hr style=\"border-top: 1px solid #cccccc; border-bottom: none; width: 50%; margin: auto;\" \/>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\">Le CORDOBA UPDATE est un bimensuel qui pr&eacute;sente le travail continu de suivi r&eacute;alis&eacute; par l&rsquo;&eacute;quipe de la Fondation Cordoue de Gen&egrave;ve. Par l&rsquo;analyse des &eacute;v&eacute;nements et tendances qui concernent les domaines d&rsquo;int&eacute;r&ecirc;t de la Fondation, nous visons &agrave; attirer l&rsquo;attention de nos lecteurs sur les d&eacute;veloppements pertinents en Afrique du Nord, dans le Sahel, en Asie de l&rsquo;Ouest et en Europe, une actualit&eacute; qui n&rsquo;est pas toujours couverte dans les m&eacute;dias dits &lsquo;traditionnels&rsquo;.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\">Outre le partage de l&rsquo;actualit&eacute; de ces quatre r&eacute;gions, le &laquo; Cordoba Update &raquo; est un moyen pour la Fondation de fournir des mises &agrave; jour r&eacute;guli&egrave;res sur ses publications, &eacute;v&eacute;nements et autres d&eacute;veloppements.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\">En accord avec les programmes et projets financ&eacute;s par les partenaires de la Fondation Cordoue de Gen&egrave;ve, les mises &agrave; jour et informations concernent les th&egrave;mes suivants :<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\">Relations islamistes-s&eacute;culiers ;<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\">Transition et participation politique ;<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\">Relations entre communaut&eacute;s de diff&eacute;rentes affiliations ethniques, culturelles et religieuses ;<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\">L&rsquo;extr&eacute;misme violent et la guerre contre le terrorisme ;<br \/><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\">La Fondation Cordoue de Gen&egrave;ve dans les m&eacute;dias ;<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\">Information g&eacute;n&eacute;rale.<br \/><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\">Pour des questions et \/ ou des commentaires concernant le contenu et la forme du Cordoba Update, veuillez contacter Sarah Franck : <a href=\"mailto:sarah.franck@cordoue.ch\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">sarah.franck@cordoue.ch<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<p><span style=\"color: #902323;\"><strong>EVENEMENTS \/ EVENTS<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p><strong>La FCG participe &agrave; la Geneva Peace Week, 07.11.16<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Dans le cadre de la Geneva Peace Week la FCG a particip&eacute; &agrave; un atelier intitul&eacute; &laquo; Dialogue et M&eacute;diation en Afrique du Nord: exp&eacute;riences de terrain &raquo;. La FCG a pr&eacute;sent&eacute; le projet de m&eacute;diation entre des f&eacute;ministes islamistes et s&eacute;culi&egrave;res marocaines pour l&rsquo;am&eacute;lioration de la condition de la femme.<\/p>\n<p><em>Lien pour plus d&rsquo;informations :<\/em><a href=\"http:\/\/www.genevapeaceweek.ch\/node\/155\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">http:\/\/www.genevapeaceweek.ch\/node\/155<\/a><\/p>\n<p><strong>La FCG organise le lancement du livre de Fran&ccedil;ois Burgat &agrave; la Maison de la paix, 07.11.16<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>La FCG a organis&eacute; la pr&eacute;sentation du nouvel ouvrage de Fran&ccedil;ois Burgat, Comprendre l&rsquo;Islam Politique : une trajectoire de recherche sur l&rsquo;alt&eacute;rit&eacute; islamiste 1973-2016, paru &agrave; la D&eacute;couverte en octobre 2016.<\/p>\n<p>Fran&ccedil;ois Burgat est un sp&eacute;cialiste fran&ccedil;ais du Monde Arabe reconnu dans son pays et &agrave; l&rsquo;&eacute;tranger. Son livre a re&ccedil;u un vif succ&egrave;s dont le second tirage a &eacute;t&eacute; effectu&eacute; seulement trois semaines apr&egrave;s une premi&egrave;re parution.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><em>Lien pour plus d&rsquo;informations :<\/em><a href=\"http:\/\/www.editionsladecouverte.fr\/catalogue\/index-Comprendre_l_islam_politique-9782707192134.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">http:\/\/www.editionsladecouverte.fr\/catalogue\/index-Comprendre_l_islam_politique<\/a><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #902323;\"><strong>ISLAMIST-SECULAR RELATIONS \/ RELATIONS ENTRE S&Eacute;CULIERS ET ISLAMISTES<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p><em>No contribution on this topic<\/em><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #902323;\"><strong>TRANSITION AND POLITICAL PARTICIPATION \/ TRANSITION ET PARTICIPATION POLITIQUE<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p><strong>Tunisia, 04.11.2016: Tunisia&rsquo;s Delicate Balancing Act with Saudi Arabia<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Two months only after his appointment as minister of religious affairs Abdeljalil Ben Salem was dismissed following a polemic at a hearing at the Tunisian parliament. Answering a question from a leftist Popular Front MP about Wahhabism and its links to terrorist groups, Ben Salem said that on two occasions had advised Saudi diplomats \u00ab\u00a0to reform their school of thought because historically terrorism came from there\u00a0\u00bb, and added \u00ab\u00a0this thinking and school of thought &#8230; could only breed extremism.\u00a0\u00bb The statement cost Ben Salem his post but has also caused a diplomatic embarrassment for Youssef Chahed&rsquo;s government. Tunisian public opinion has been split on the sacking of the Ben Salem. Some news outlets announced \u00ab\u00a0Saudi Arabia Sacks the Minister of Religious Affairs\u00a0\u00bb.<\/p>\n<p>Ben Salem&rsquo;s statement left political parties in a dilemma. While what he said was music to the ears of the FP and other secularist parties, they nonetheless did not defend him publicly, for the simple reason that his nomination in the coalition government was backed by Ennahdha, although he is not officially a member of the movement. Ennahdha itself remained silent, since Ghannouchi did not want to disrupt his efforts to mend bridges with Riyadh. There are also the economic interests of Saudi Arabia and direct investment in Tunisia to consider. Even the most vocal secularist political, cultural and economic elites in Tunis observe a deafening silence when it comes to Gulf money and investment in the Tunisian economy&mdash;investment that it desperately needs. This episode reminded Tunisians of an exchange of letters between Najdi scholar Muhammad ibn Abd al-Wahhab (1703-1792), and Zeitouna Mosque scholar Omar Mahdjoub (1724-1807). At the turn of the 18th C. Ibn Abd al-Wahhab sent a letter to Hamouda Bacha, Bey of Tunisia (1782-1814), calling him to embrace his thought. The Bey sought the Zeitouna scholars&rsquo; advice for a response to the letter. Zeitouna produced a historic religious argument refuting the claims and foundations of Ibn Abd al-Wahhab&rsquo;s thought. That exchange together with the works of Scholar Tahar Ben Achour (1879-1973), and others, established Zeitouna&rsquo;s scholarly independence as a guardian of Maliki doctrine jurisprudence in the region.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><em>Links for more information:<\/em><br \/><a href=\"http:\/\/www.rfi.fr\/afrique\/20161104-tunisie-ministre-affaires-religieuses-wahhabisme-limoge-abdeljalil-ben-salem\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">http:\/\/www.rfi.fr\/afrique\/20161104-tunisie-ministre-affaires-religieuses<\/a><br \/><a href=\"http:\/\/www.huffpostmaghreb.com\/farhat-othman\/dessous-et-retombees-du-l_b_12811682.html?utm_hp_ref=tunisie\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">http:\/\/www.huffpostmaghreb.com\/farhat-othman\/dessous-et-retombees<\/a><br \/><a href=\"http:\/\/www.investir-en-tunisie.net\/fr\/index.php\/2016\/01\/02\/larabie-saoudite-multipliera-ses-investissements-en-tunisie\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">http:\/\/www.investir-en-tunisie.net\/fr\/index.php\/2016\/01\/02\/larabie-saoudite<\/a><br \/><a href=\"http:\/\/daikiri.over-blog.com\/article-81887534.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">http:\/\/daikiri.over-blog.com\/article-81887534<\/a><span style=\"font-size: 10px;\">(Arabic Document: Response of Zeitouna Ulama to Muhammad ibn Abd al-Wahhab)<\/span><br \/><a href=\"http:\/\/nawaat.org\/portail\/2016\/11\/04\/%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b3%d8%b9%d9%88%d8%af%d9%8a%d8%a9-%d8%aa%d9%82%d9%8a%d9%84-%d9%88%d8%b2%d9%8a%d8%b1-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b4%d8%a4%d9%88%d9%86-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%af%d9%8a%d9%86%d9%8a%d8%a9\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">http:\/\/nawaat.org\/portail\/2016\/11\/04<\/a><\/p>\n<p><strong>Egypt, 01-4.11.2016: Egypt free floats its currency &amp; raises fuel prices<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>On Thursday, 3 November 2016, Egypt&rsquo;s central bank floated its tightly controlled currency, in a step that aims to draw foreign capital back to the country but risks pushing the price of goods out of reach for ordinary Egyptians. Hours after floating the exchange rate, Egypt raised fuel prices for the second time since the start of a fiscal reform program in 2014, in an effort to curb a ballooning fiscal deficit. Egyptian Prime Minister Sherif Ismail said that Egypt \u00ab\u00a0did not have the luxury\u00a0\u00bb of postponing urgent economic reforms, speaking a day after the country floated its currency and increased the prices of subsidized fuel. He described Thursday as \u00ab\u00a0an historic day,\u00a0\u00bb adding that all the economic reforms taken are part of a \u00ab\u00a0100 percent Egyptian\u00a0\u00bb programme. In fact, the reforms are part of a move to get the International Monetary Fund board&rsquo;s approval for a $12 billion loan package to be delivered over three years.<\/p>\n<p>The Wall Street Journal wrote, \u00ab\u00a0Years of political turbulence and an increase in terrorism have hurt Egypt&rsquo;s main sources of hard foreign currency&mdash;tourism and foreign direct investment.\u00a0\u00bb In a statement, the IMF welcomed the currency liberalization, stating that \u00ab\u00a0the flexible exchange rate regime, where the exchange rate is determined by market forces, will improve Egypt&rsquo;s external competitiveness, support exports and tourism and attract foreign investment.\u00a0\u00bb For economist Natasha Doff, \u00ab\u00a0If Egypt can learn anything from emerging markets that have abandoned control of their currencies, it&rsquo;s that a half-hearted approach is bound to fail&#8230; Whether the move eases the dollar crunch and quashes the black market will depend on how committed the central bank is to staying hands-off when currency swings ensue.\u00a0\u00bb<\/p>\n<p><em>Links for more information:<\/em><br \/><a href=\"http:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/egypt-free-floats-its-currency-devaluing-it-against-the-dollar-1478161036\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">http:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/egypt-free-floats-its-currency-devaluing<\/a><br \/><a href=\"http:\/\/english.ahram.org.eg\/NewsContent\/1\/64\/247273\/Egypt\/Politics-\/Egypt-doesnt-have-the-luxury-of-postponing-economi.aspx\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">http:\/\/english.ahram.org.eg\/NewsContent\/1\/64\/247273\/Egypt\/Politics-\/Egypt<\/a><br \/><a href=\"http:\/\/www.bloomberg.com\/news\/articles\/2016-11-04\/what-not-to-do-when-floating-a-currency-lessons-egypt-can-learn\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">http:\/\/www.bloomberg.com\/news\/articles\/2016-11-04\/what-not-to-do<\/a><br \/><a href=\"http:\/\/www.madamasr.com\/en\/2016\/11\/03\/news\/economy\/egypt-to-raise-fuel-prices-by-up-to-47-percent-at-midnight\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">http:\/\/www.madamasr.com\/en\/2016\/11\/03\/news\/economy\/egypt-to-raise-fuel-prices<\/a><br \/><a href=\"http:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2016\/11\/04\/world\/middleeast\/egypt-currency-pound-float-imf.html?_r=0\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">http:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2016\/11\/04\/world\/middleeast\/egypt-currency-pound<\/a><\/p>\n<p><strong>Egypt, 26.10-4.11.2016: Egypt ranked 110th among 113 countries in terms of Rule of Law<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Egypt has been ranked 110th among 113 countries by the World Justice Project in terms of Rule of Law experienced by the citizens, positioned only above Afghanistan, Cambodia and Venezuela. Meanwhile, Egypt was elected for a five-year term in the 34-member International Law Commission of the UN General Assembly on Friday, 4 November 2016. Egypt&rsquo;s foreign ministry said in a statement, \u00ab\u00a0This [election] reflects international confidence in Egyptian competence and expertise, particularly in the field of international law.\u00a0\u00bb Egypt&rsquo;s stint in the Geneva-based legal body will begin on 1 January 2017 and concludes in 2022.<\/p>\n<p>Security and political situations in Egypt continues to deteriorate. An Egyptian army brigadier general was shot dead Friday, 4 November 2016, in El-Arish in North Sinai. In a statement Friday evening, an army spokesman said that three militants opened fire on Hesham Mahmoud after Friday prayers in front of his house.<\/p>\n<p>In addition, the committee that formed on 1 November 2016 upon the recommendation of the National Youth Conference held in Sharm El-Sheikh in October and tasked with reviewing cases of young detainees, has started its mandate. The initiative comes amid ongoing international criticism of the increasing number of political detainees in Egypt, and was met with skepticism by some activist groups. The appointment of some committee members known for their stated positions against releasing detainees drew severe criticism. The committee includes five pro-government members, including a journalist, Nashwa El-Houfy, who strongly supported the protest law and refused any presidential amnesty. Additionally, the initiative is not the first; presidential promises to release detainees were given in December 2014, January and February 2015, and June 2016, but the only pardon implemented so far is decree no. 368, issued in September 2015, which released 100 prisoners including most of the detainees in the Shura Council and Ittihadiya cases.<\/p>\n<p>Finally, Mohamed Hamama wrote on the Mada Misr website that \u00ab\u00a0the economic activities of Egypt&rsquo;s Armed Forces is a topic that has been widely discussed in recent months, with analysts speculating as to how much the military economy constitutes of the nation&rsquo;s G-ross Domestic Product (GDP). Estimates generally range from 5 to 40 percent.\u00a0\u00bb He added that \u00ab\u00a0at a youth conference in Sharm el-Sheikh&#8230; Sisi said the economic activities of the Armed Forces constitute between 1 and 1.5 percent of GDP. In the first nine months of the 2015-16 Financial Year, Egypt&rsquo;s GDP was LE2 trillion, according to the Planning Ministry.\u00a0\u00bb Hamama used Sisi&rsquo;s calculations to state that \u00ab\u00a0this would put their activities at between LE20 and LE30 billion. The official allocation for defense and national security is LE47 billion in the 2016-2017 national budget, but Sisi acknowledged at the youth conference that the Armed Forces purchases weapons and equipment from their own budget reserves.\u00a0\u00bb Hamama quoted Senior Associate at the Carnegie Middle East Center, Yazid Sayigh, saying \u00ab\u00a0Sisi&rsquo;s estimations accurately reflect the official book value for the Armed Forces, but he highlights other activities, such as private-sector partnerships for land ownership that he says are unlikely to be included in these calculations.\u00a0\u00bb<\/p>\n<p><em>Links for more information:<\/em><br \/><a href=\"http:\/\/data.worldjusticeproject.org\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">http:\/\/data.worldjusticeproject.org<\/a><br \/><a href=\"http:\/\/english.ahram.org.eg\/NewsContent\/1\/64\/247319\/Egypt\/Politics-\/Egypt-wins-fiveyear-term-on-UN-International-Law-C.aspx\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">http:\/\/english.ahram.org.eg\/NewsContent\/1\/64\/247319\/Egypt\/Politics-\/Egypt-wins-fiveyear<\/a><br \/><a href=\"http:\/\/english.ahram.org.eg\/News\/246924.aspx\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">http:\/\/english.ahram.org.eg\/News\/246924<\/a><br \/><a href=\"http:\/\/english.ahram.org.eg\/NewsContent\/1\/64\/247209\/Egypt\/Politics-\/The-committee-to-review-cases-of-Egyptian-youth-de.aspx\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">http:\/\/english.ahram.org.eg\/NewsContent\/1\/64\/247209\/Egypt\/Politics-\/The-committee-to-review<\/a><br \/><a href=\"http:\/\/www.madamasr.com\/en\/2016\/11\/02\/feature\/economy\/sisi-says-military-economy-is-1-5-of-egypts-gdp-but-how-accurate-is-this\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">http:\/\/www.madamasr.com\/en\/2016\/11\/02\/feature\/economy\/sisi-says-military-economy<\/a><\/p>\n<p><strong>Liban, 07.11.2016 : Pr&eacute;sidentielle libanaise<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Apr&egrave;s plus de deux ans de vide pr&eacute;sidentiel, le parlement libanais a finalement &eacute;lu, le 31 octobre dernier, un nouveau pr&eacute;sident en la personne de Michel Aoun, 81 ans, fondateur du Courant Patriotique Libre, g&eacute;n&eacute;ral &agrave; la retraite et ancien chef de l&rsquo;arm&eacute;e. 29 mois apr&egrave;s la d&eacute;mission de Michel Suleiman, le nouveau chef d&rsquo;&eacute;tat, chr&eacute;tien maronite suivant la tradition du pays de partage du pouvoir sur des bases confessionnelles, a &eacute;t&eacute; choisi avec 83 sur 127 voix en sa faveur pour un mandat de 6 ans. Il aura fallu 45 sessions parlementaires et de nombreuses concessions politiques faites par les diff&eacute;rentes factions pour finalement arriver &agrave; ce compromis. En effet, c&rsquo;est le soutien r&eacute;cent apport&eacute; par le camp de Saad Hariri et son Courant du Futur qui a fait pencher la balance en faveur de M. Aoun, mais aussi et surtout l&rsquo;appui inesp&eacute;r&eacute; et crucial du Hezbollah dont les membres au parlement boycottaient jusqu&rsquo;alors les sessions de s&eacute;lection pr&eacute;sidentielle, emp&ecirc;chant ainsi la r&eacute;union du quorum n&eacute;cessaire &agrave; une &eacute;lection, et cela malgr&eacute; le soutien r&eacute;p&eacute;t&eacute; du leader du parti &agrave; M. Aoun.<\/p>\n<p>Si ces deux soutiens &eacute;taient indispensables &agrave; son &eacute;lection, ils n&rsquo;en restent pas pour le moins surprenants et inattendus. En effet, ces deux partis politiques sont tout &agrave; fait oppos&eacute;s que cela soit du point de vue confessionnel ou politique. Leur rivalit&eacute; tient aussi de leurs soutiens ext&eacute;rieurs, l&rsquo;Arabie saoudite et l&rsquo;Occident pour le premier, l&rsquo;Iran et la Syrie de Bachar al Assad pour le second. Reste &agrave; savoir si ce rapprochement apaisera les tensions politiques bien ancr&eacute;es dans le paysage libanais et permettra une certaine stabilit&eacute; politique dans les ann&eacute;es &agrave; venir.<\/p>\n<p>N&eacute;anmoins, une certaine accalmie devrait avoir lieu apr&egrave;s la formation du nouveau gouvernement. T&acirc;che qui est revenue quelques jours apr&egrave;s l&rsquo;&eacute;lection du pr&eacute;sident et sans trop de suspens, puisque cela faisait partie de l&rsquo;accord de soutien de son parti, &agrave; Saad Hariri, qui a donc &eacute;t&eacute; nomm&eacute; premier ministre. L&agrave; aussi sans d&eacute;roger &agrave; la r&egrave;gle d&rsquo;un premier ministre sunnite, M. Hariri devra faire preuve d&rsquo;acrobaties politiciennes afin de former, comme il le dit lui-m&ecirc;me, &laquo; un gouvernement d&rsquo;unit&eacute; nationale, bas&eacute; sur un consensus de toutes les forces politiques, qui surmontera les divisions &raquo;, principalement sectaires, mais aussi politiques. A noter, que M. Hariri a d&eacute;j&agrave; occup&eacute; ce poste de 2009 &agrave; 2011, ainsi que son p&egrave;re Rafik Hariri assassin&eacute; en 2005.<\/p>\n<p><em>Liens pour plus d&rsquo;informations :<\/em><br \/><a href=\"http:\/\/www.france24.com\/fr\/20161103-saad-hariri-michel-aoun-premier-ministre-liban-former-gouvernement\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">http:\/\/www.france24.com\/fr\/20161103-saad-hariri-michel-aoun-premier-ministre<\/a><br \/><a href=\"http:\/\/www.al-monitor.com\/pulse\/originals\/2016\/10\/lebanon-president-hariri-aoun-hezbollah-saudi-arabia.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">http:\/\/www.al-monitor.com\/pulse\/originals\/2016\/10\/lebanon-president-hariri-aoun<\/a><br \/><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/988c5958-a05a-11e6-86d5-4e36b35c3550\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/988c5958-a05a-11e6-86d5-4e36b35c3550<\/a><br \/><a href=\"http:\/\/www.naharnet.com\/stories\/en\/219679-hariri-new-government-will-be-formed-soon\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">http:\/\/www.naharnet.com\/stories\/en\/219679-hariri-new-government-will-be-formed-soon<\/a><br \/><a href=\"https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2016\/oct\/31\/michel-aoun-elected-president-lebanon-iran-tehran-saudi-arabia\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2016\/oct\/31\/michel-aoun-elected-president<\/a><br \/><a href=\"http:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/lebanon-leader-selects-prime-minister-in-compromise-1478192267\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">http:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/lebanon-leader-selects-prime-minister-in-compromise<\/a><\/p>\n<p><strong>Bahrain, 30.11.2016: al-Wefaq Association and the struggles of Bahraini opposition<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Bahrain&rsquo;s main opposition group is appealing in the Court of Cassation against its dissolution and the seizure of its assets. The organization was dissolved by the Bahraini courts on terrorism-related charges in October this year, a decision which drew criticism from members of the international community, including the United Nations Secretary-General. Sheikh Ali Salman, the former secretary-general of Bahrain&rsquo;s largest political opposition bloc, has been detained since 2014, and convicted on charges of \u00ab\u00a0inciting hatred\u00a0\u00bb and \u00ab\u00a0encouraging violent regime change,\u00a0\u00bb related to a speech calling for political reforms he gave that year. Although he was initially facing a prison sentence of four years, in May 2016 the appeals court more than doubled his jail term. This decision has also been appealed, and the date for the Sheikh&rsquo;s retrial is set for 4 December 2016.<\/p>\n<p>The crackdown on al-Wefaq is part of a wider trend of silencing opposition in Bahrain since 2011. Since the months-long protests that demanded democratic reforms, hundreds of Bahraini protestors have been arrested and tried in court. Additionally, authorities have stripped at least 261 people of their citizenship since 2012, including the country&rsquo;s Shia spiritual leader Sheikh Isa Qassim, in what is perceived to be the deliberate targeting of the Shia majority of the Bahraini population.<\/p>\n<p><em>Links for more information:<\/em><br \/><a href=\"http:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/world\/middle-east\/bahrain-opposition-group-appeals-against-dissolution\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">http:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/world\/middle-east\/bahrain-opposition-group-appeals-against-dissolution<\/a><br \/><a href=\"http:\/\/www.adhrb.org\/2016\/10\/bahraini-court-orders-retrial-case-sheikh-ali-salman\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">http:\/\/www.adhrb.org\/2016\/10\/bahraini-court-orders-retrial-case-sheikh-ali-salman<\/a><br \/><a href=\"http:\/\/www.alwasatnews.com\/news\/1177361.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">http:\/\/www.alwasatnews.com\/news\/1177361<\/a><br \/><a href=\"https:\/\/www.alaraby.co.uk\/english\/news\/2016\/11\/6\/retrial-of-bahrain-opposition-leader-opens\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/www.alaraby.co.uk\/english\/news\/2016\/11\/6\/retrial-of-bahrain-opposition-leader-opens<\/a><br \/><a href=\"http:\/\/www.presstv.ir\/Detail\/2016\/11\/06\/492385\/Bahrain-Salman\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">http:\/\/www.presstv.ir\/Detail\/2016\/11\/06\/492385\/Bahrain-Salman<\/a><br \/><a href=\"http:\/\/www.middleeasteye.net\/news\/bahrain-court-overturns-jail-term-opposition-chief-215996772\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">http:\/\/www.middleeasteye.net\/news\/bahrain-court-overturns-jail-term-opposition-chief<\/a><\/p>\n<p><strong>Iraq, 02.11.2016: Unchecked power, widespread corruption and a roadmap for the future.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>As media outlets across the world are fixed on the ongoing military offensive against the Islamic State group in Mosul, Iraq, one commentator has highlighted the importance of the \u00ab\u00a0broken system of the political elite which has kept the same select few in power and has allowed corruption to rise unchecked.\u00a0\u00bb Writing for Middle East Eye, Ahmed Twaij notes that structural violence inherent in the Iraqi political system will continue to jeopardize lasting peace, long after the defeat of this armed insurrection. His article notes the continued presence of a number of divisive individuals in Iraqi politics, and numerous accounts of their involvement in corrupt practices. However, citizens are discouraged from holding the government to account by \u00ab\u00a0various militias who occasionally patrol the streets of Baghdad in their military garb&#8230; spreading fear in society to not question their roles.\u00a0\u00bb The relationship between these militias and various politicians is well-known. The result of unchecked power is a lack of confidence in the government, a detachment from the political project of the nation and antipathy towards its lawmakers. Twaij relates a phrase that has become popular among Iraqis: \u00ab\u00a0at least in the time of Saddam we had one oppressor, now we have hundreds.\u00a0\u00bb<\/p>\n<p>The political problems facing Iraq are also played out in the autonomous Kurdish region, prompting the speaker of parliament, Yousif Mohammed, to say that the war against the Islamic State group \u00ab\u00a0should not be the reason to deactivate the democratic process.\u00a0\u00bb The Kurdistan Parliament has been in recess since Mohammed was prevented from entering the regional capital, Erbil in 2015,\u00a0\u00bb due to a long-running dispute over the regional presidency of Masoud Barzani, who has been in power since 2005. Only a handful of Kurdish politicians are known for their activism, while the majority of their constituents see Kurdish MPs as self-serving, seeking \u00ab\u00a0money, privilege and power.\u00a0\u00bb<\/p>\n<p>The absence of the rule of law in Iraq has evidently had deleterious effects on social relations in the country. Recent accounts detail rising mistrust and sectarianism at the micro-level, with reports that several Sunni Muslim families in a mainly Shia district of Baghdad were forcibly removed by armed gangs claiming to represent the community. According to observers, residents of Baghdad fear the resumption of the kinds of violence that were prevalent between 2006 and 2008, when thousands of civilians were killed in sectarian violence.<\/p>\n<p>Despite the prevalence of fear in Iraq, however, Niqash reports that a group comprising a former judge, a professor and some Iraqi students, all originally from Mosul, have created a roadmap for the future of their province, Nineveh, post-Islamic State group. Importantly, the manifesto \u00ab\u00a0advocates for moving away from religion in politics and from Iraq&rsquo;s standard political quotas, which use sectarian allegiance or ethnicity to decide who will hold senior posts in government.\u00a0\u00bb Both the manifesto writers and Twaij argue that an overhaul of Iraq&rsquo;s political system is required as, \u00ab\u00a0in a system where the president must be Kurdish, the prime minister Shia and the deputy prime minister Sunni, sectarian divisions are only going to be deepened, adding to the list of failures by the first unelected and inexperienced official to govern over Iraq, Paul Bremer.\u00a0\u00bb<\/p>\n<p><em>Links for more information:<\/em><br \/><a href=\"http:\/\/www.middleeasteye.net\/columns\/now-we-have-hundreds-oppressors-iraqs-false-democracy-2136052094\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">http:\/\/www.middleeasteye.net\/columns\/now-we-have-hundreds-oppressors-iraqs-false-democracy<\/a><br \/><a href=\"http:\/\/www.nrttv.com\/en\/Details.aspx?Jimare=10787\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">http:\/\/www.nrttv.com\/en\/Details.aspx?Jimare=10787<\/a><br \/><a href=\"http:\/\/www.niqash.org\/en\/articles\/politics\/5397\/Iraqi-Kurdistan%E2%80%99s-%E2%80%98Superstar%E2%80%99-Politicians-Fight-Corruption-%E2%80%93-But-Do-They-Do-Any-Good.htm\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">http:\/\/www.niqash.org\/en\/articles\/politics\/5397\/Iraqi-Kurdistan<\/a><br \/><a href=\"http:\/\/www.niqash.org\/en\/articles\/security\/5384\/Sectarian-Tensions-Return-to-Baghdad.htm\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">http:\/\/www.niqash.org\/en\/articles\/security\/5384\/Sectarian-Tensions<\/a><br \/><a href=\"http:\/\/www.niqash.org\/en\/articles\/politics\/5393\/Displaced-From-Mosul-Prepare-Controversial-Plan-For-Their-Own-Future.htm\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">http:\/\/www.niqash.org\/en\/articles\/politics\/5393\/Displaced-From-Mosul<\/a><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #902323;\"><strong>RELATIONS BETWEEN COMMUNITIES OF DIFFERENT ETHNIC, CULTURAL AND RELIGIOUS AFFILIATIONS \/ <br \/>RELATIONS ENTRE COMMUNAUT&Eacute;S DE DIFF&Eacute;RENTES AFFILIATIONS ETHNIQUES, CULTURELLES ET RELIGIEUSES<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p><strong>Suisse, 08.11.16 : Le canton de Vaud d&eacute;voile son &laquo; exp&eacute;rience laboratoire &raquo; dans un contexte tendu questionnant la place de l&rsquo;islam en Suisse<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>De nombreuses pol&eacute;miques questionnant la place de l&rsquo;islam en Suisse ont &eacute;t&eacute; ces derniers temps au c&oelig;ur de l&rsquo;actualit&eacute; et le climat en particulier envers les communaut&eacute;s musulmanes n&rsquo;est pas des plus favorables. Les r&eacute;centes pol&eacute;miques qui ont vis&eacute; les musulmans suisses comme celle autour de la mosqu&eacute;e de Gen&egrave;ve et ses membres fich&eacute;s S en France, celle de l&rsquo;imam de Winterthur interpell&eacute; le 2 novembre dernier &agrave; Zurich par la police pour &laquo; incitation publique au crime et &agrave; la violence &raquo; ou r&eacute;cemment celui de Nora Illi, repr&eacute;sentante du Comit&eacute; central islamique de Suisse, accus&eacute;e d&rsquo;avoir d&eacute;fendu les candidats au djihad sur une chaine allemande, sont autant de scandales m&eacute;diatiques qui risquent de creuser encore plus le foss&eacute; au sein d&rsquo;une soci&eacute;t&eacute; que certains estiment ancr&eacute;e dans les valeurs chr&eacute;tiennes, des valeurs d&rsquo;ailleurs revendiqu&eacute;es par 80% des Suisses et o&ugrave;, selon Gerhard Pfister pr&eacute;sident du PDC, l&rsquo;islam n&rsquo;aurait pas sa place. Selon un r&eacute;cent sondage, 61% des Suisses s&rsquo;opposeraient &agrave; la reconnaissance de l&rsquo;islam comme religion officielle.<\/p>\n<p>C&rsquo;est dans ce contexte tendu que le canton de Vaud lance un projet &laquo; laboratoire &raquo; qui permettrait &agrave; certaines communaut&eacute;s de pouvoir faire une demande d&rsquo;obtention du statut d&rsquo;institution reconnue d&rsquo;int&eacute;r&ecirc;t public. Actuellement, et d&rsquo;apr&egrave;s la Constitution du canton de Vaud, &laquo; l&rsquo;Eglise &eacute;vang&eacute;lique r&eacute;form&eacute;e et l&rsquo;Eglise catholique romaine, telles qu&rsquo;elles sont &eacute;tablies dans le canton, sont reconnues comme institutions de droit public dot&eacute;es de la personnalit&eacute; morale &raquo; (article 170, alin&eacute;a 1) et &laquo; la communaut&eacute; isra&eacute;lite, telle qu&rsquo;elle est &eacute;tablie dans le canton, est reconnue comme institution d&rsquo;int&eacute;r&ecirc;t public &raquo; (article 171, alin&eacute;a 1). Ce projet devrait donc &eacute;largir l&rsquo;octroi du statut d&rsquo;institutions reconnues d&rsquo;int&eacute;r&ecirc;t public &agrave; d&rsquo;autres communaut&eacute;s religieuses. Des musulmans du canton de Vaud explorerait d&eacute;j&agrave; cette piste, estimant qui si la communaut&eacute; juive qui, selon les statistiques de l&rsquo;Etat de Vaud, repr&eacute;sentait 0.3% de la population du canton en 2014, la communaut&eacute; musulmane qui repr&eacute;sentait 4.9% de la population cantonale alors devrait &ecirc;tre elle aussi reconnue.<\/p>\n<p>Le processus est cependant long et complexe afin de pouvoir esp&eacute;rer un jour obtenir ce statut privil&eacute;gi&eacute;. En effet, selon B&eacute;atrice M&eacute;traux, Cheffe du D&eacute;partement vaudois des institutions et de la s&eacute;curit&eacute;, il faut d&rsquo;abord que le statut de la communaut&eacute; r&eacute;ponde &agrave; ce que demande l&rsquo;Etat, notamment en mati&egrave;re de d&eacute;mocratie et transparence financi&egrave;re. Ensuite, toutes les communaut&eacute;s n&rsquo;ont pas forc&eacute;ment le droit de d&eacute;poser une demande, car cette derni&egrave;re d&eacute;pend de la taille et de l&rsquo;anciennet&eacute; de la communaut&eacute;. Enfin, la demande d&eacute;pos&eacute;e fera l&rsquo;objet d&rsquo;un examen minutieux sur plusieurs ann&eacute;es, par des experts, et elle devra &eacute;galement &ecirc;tre avalis&eacute;e par le Parlement vaudois avec un referendum facultatif &agrave; la fin de cette proc&eacute;dure.<\/p>\n<p>Pour B&eacute;atrice M&eacute;traux, le but de cette d&eacute;marche est double. La reconnaissance de la communaut&eacute; en tant qu&rsquo;institution reconnue d&rsquo;int&eacute;r&ecirc;t public permettra &agrave; ses membres d&rsquo;exercer officiellement l&rsquo;aum&ocirc;nerie dans les h&ocirc;pitaux et les prisons et d&rsquo;&ecirc;tre consid&eacute;r&eacute;e comme partenaire de l&rsquo;Etat vis-&agrave;-vis des questions religieuses. Elle pr&eacute;cise en outre qu&rsquo;un pot commun pourra &ecirc;tre mis en place pour mener &agrave; bien des activit&eacute;s concernant le dialogue interreligieux ou des missions sociales. Cependant, elle pr&eacute;cise qu&rsquo;il ne s&rsquo;agit pas de reconna&icirc;tre une religion mais de reconna&icirc;tre &laquo; une association ou une f&eacute;d&eacute;ration d&rsquo;associations cherchant &agrave; ancrer leur institution dans le paysage vaudois &raquo; notamment dans le but de favoriser la &laquo; coh&eacute;sion sociale &raquo;. Cela t&eacute;moignerait en effet d&rsquo;une reconnaissance mutuelle de la communaut&eacute; par l&rsquo;Etat et de l&rsquo;Etat par la communaut&eacute;, au sein d&rsquo;une relation devant permettre une meilleure int&eacute;gration de ces communaut&eacute;s.<\/p>\n<p>Selon, Kevin Grangier, secr&eacute;taire g&eacute;n&eacute;ral de l&rsquo;UDC pour le canton de Vaud, ce projet refl&egrave;terait la na&iuml;vet&eacute; et l&rsquo;hypocrisie du pouvoir politique. Il est en effet l&rsquo;auteur d&rsquo;une initiative visant &agrave; &laquo; pr&eacute;venir les d&eacute;bordements possibles de la proc&eacute;dure &raquo;. En r&eacute;ponse aux arguments de B&eacute;atrice M&eacute;traux mettant en avant les atouts du projet, Kevin Grangier craint que ce projet permette &agrave; des &laquo; int&eacute;gristes &raquo; de demander des d&eacute;rogations sp&eacute;ciales en vertu de leurs all&eacute;geances religieuses. Il cite par exemple l&rsquo;exemple des r&eacute;gimes alimentaires particuliers dans les cantines ou celui de l&rsquo;instauration de jours f&eacute;ri&eacute;s relatifs au calendrier religieux de certaines communaut&eacute;s. Selon lui, toutes les religions ne sont pas &eacute;gales, certaines &eacute;tant plus revendicatrices que d&rsquo;autres, comme l&rsquo;islam &laquo; dont il faut se m&eacute;fier &raquo; en raison de ses textes &laquo; intol&eacute;rants et revendicatifs &raquo;. Il avoue avoir peur des int&eacute;gristes et pr&eacute;sente le projet du canton de Vaud comme une porte ouverte au communautarisme et &agrave; la ghetto&iuml;sation des communaut&eacute;s musulmanes qui r&eacute;duirait par la m&ecirc;me les possibilit&eacute;s de leur int&eacute;gration. Selon lui, le risque est de creuser le foss&eacute; entre cette communaut&eacute; et le reste de la population vaudoise. Ainsi, l&rsquo;initiative UDC viserait &agrave; pr&eacute;venir l&rsquo;acceptation de d&eacute;rogations motiv&eacute;es par l&rsquo;all&eacute;geance religieuse par les autorit&eacute;s cantonales vaudoises.<\/p>\n<p>Pour B&eacute;atrice M&eacute;traux, lancer une telle initiative est un non-sens et de tels arguments posent probl&egrave;me dans la mesure o&ugrave; l&rsquo;on parle de musulmans suisses, tr&egrave;s bien int&eacute;gr&eacute;s et souhaitant simplement une reconnaissance de l&rsquo;Etat vis-&agrave;-vis de leur existence. Elle pr&eacute;cise en outre, que de nombreux contr&ocirc;les sont pr&eacute;sents dans le r&egrave;glement attach&eacute; &agrave; cette nouvelle loi, en particulier en mati&egrave;re de d&eacute;rogations.<\/p>\n<p>D&rsquo;un c&ocirc;t&eacute;, le canton de Vaud fait donc preuve d&rsquo;une certaine ouverture et bonne volont&eacute; en souhaitant ouvrir la possibilit&eacute; &agrave; des communaut&eacute;s de demander la reconnaissance de leur existence en tant qu&rsquo;institution pleine et enti&egrave;re et pouvant b&eacute;n&eacute;ficier de nouveaux droits, mais les proc&eacute;dures sont telles que certaines communaut&eacute;s peuvent de fait &ecirc;tre d&eacute;courag&eacute;es par l&rsquo;ampleur des d&eacute;marches &agrave; faire afin d&rsquo;obtenir ce pr&eacute;cieux s&eacute;same. Les communaut&eacute;s musulmanes, qui font aujourd&rsquo;hui l&rsquo;objet d&rsquo;une attention m&eacute;diatique soutenue en Suisse et ailleurs en Europe, auront certainement plus de peine que d&rsquo;autres communaut&eacute;s, comme les anglicans de Lausanne, &agrave; obtenir ce statut.<\/p>\n<p><em>Liens pour plus d&rsquo;informations :<\/em><br \/><a href=\"http:\/\/www.rts.ch\/play\/radio\/forum\/audio\/les-suisses-seraient-contre-la-reconnaissance-de-lislam-comme-religion-officielle?id=8127750\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">http:\/\/www.rts.ch\/play\/radio\/forum\/audio\/les-suisses-seraient-contre-la-reconnaissance-de-lislam-comme-religion-officielle<\/a><br \/><a href=\"http:\/\/www.rts.ch\/play\/radio\/hautes-frequences\/audio\/le-grand-huit-pour-devenir-une-religion-vaudoise?id=8110712\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">http:\/\/www.rts.ch\/play\/radio\/hautes-frequences\/audio\/le-grand-huit-pour-devenir-une-religion-vaudoise<\/a><br \/><a href=\"http:\/\/www.tdg.ch\/geneve\/actu-genevoise\/difficile-surveillance-grande-mosquee\/story\/13909673\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">http:\/\/www.tdg.ch\/geneve\/actu-genevoise\/difficile-surveillance-grande-mosquee\/story\/13909673<\/a><br \/><a href=\"http:\/\/www.tdg.ch\/geneve\/actu-genevoise\/Un-imam-de-la-grande-mosquee-brise-le-silence\/story\/20893495\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">http:\/\/www.tdg.ch\/geneve\/actu-genevoise\/Un-imam-de-la-grande-mosquee-brise-le-silence\/story\/20893495<\/a><br \/><a href=\"http:\/\/www.tdg.ch\/geneve\/actu-genevoise\/Un-imam-de-la-grande-mosquee-de-Geneve-parle-de-sa-perquisition\/story\/12325535\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">http:\/\/www.tdg.ch\/geneve\/actu-genevoise\/Un-imam-de-la-grande-mosquee-de-Geneve-parle-de-sa-perquisition<\/a><br \/><a href=\"http:\/\/www.lematin.ch\/navlematindimanche\/ferme\/actufermeLes-valeurs-chretiennes-font-partie-de-l-identite-suisse\/story\/21940334\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">http:\/\/www.lematin.ch\/navlematindimanche\/ferme\/actufermeLes-valeurs-chretiennes-font-partie-de-l-identite-suisse<\/a><br \/><a href=\"https:\/\/www.cath.ch\/newsf\/80-suisses-valeurs-chretiennes-partie-de-lidentite-pays\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/www.cath.ch\/newsf\/80-suisses-valeurs-chretiennes-partie-de-lidentite-pays<\/a><br \/><a href=\"https:\/\/www.letemps.ch\/monde\/2016\/11\/07\/une-defenseure-candidats-djihad-parler-delle-allemagne\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/www.letemps.ch\/monde\/2016\/11\/07\/une-defenseure-candidats-djihad<\/a><br \/><a href=\"https:\/\/francais.rt.com\/international\/28570-allemagne-propagande-jihadiste-prime-time\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/francais.rt.com\/international\/28570-allemagne-propagande-jihadiste-prime-time<\/a><br \/><a href=\"https:\/\/francais.rt.com\/international\/28365-imam-mosquee-annur-suisse-arrete-appel-meurtre-musulmans\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/francais.rt.com\/international\/28365-imam-mosquee-annur-suisse<\/a><br \/><a href=\"https:\/\/www.letemps.ch\/suisse\/2016\/11\/02\/limam-mosquee-winterthour-arrete-appel-meurtre\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/www.letemps.ch\/suisse\/2016\/11\/02\/limam-mosquee-winterthour-arrete-appel-meurtre<\/a><br \/><a href=\"http:\/\/www.vd.ch\/fileadmin\/user_upload\/themes\/etat_droit\/10ANS_CONSTITUTION.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">http:\/\/www.vd.ch\/fileadmin\/user_upload\/themes\/etat_droit\/10ANS_CONSTITUTION<\/a><\/p>\n<p><em>Pour les statistiques religieuses dans le canton de Vaud, voir :<\/em><br \/><a href=\"http:\/\/www.stat.vd.ch\/Tools\/GetImage.asp?Id=5934&amp;RetDesc=N&amp;Type=DocObj\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">http:\/\/www.stat.vd.ch\/Tools\/GetImage.asp?Id=5934&amp;RetDesc=N&amp;Type=DocObj<\/a><\/p>\n<p><strong>Mauritanie, 25.10.2016 : La gouvernance en mati&egrave;re du foncier d&eacute;cri&eacute;e par les populations rurales de la Vall&eacute;e<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Des communaut&eacute;s villageoises de Dar El Barka (sud), se sont plaintes, &agrave; travers une lettre ouverte adress&eacute;e aux pouvoirs publics, aux partis politiques et aux organisations de la soci&eacute;t&eacute; civile, de &laquo; l&rsquo;accaparement des terres de leur terroir par l&rsquo;administration &raquo;. Selon les termes de la lettre, le pays a connu, &agrave; la fin des ann&eacute;es 80 et au d&eacute;but des ann&eacute;es 90 du si&egrave;cle pr&eacute;c&eacute;dent, de douloureux &eacute;v&egrave;nements qui ont valu &agrave; des centaines de milliers de mauritaniens, des d&eacute;portations massives vers le S&eacute;n&eacute;gal, suivies d&rsquo;expropriation de toutes formes. Ces d&eacute;portations avaient &eacute;t&eacute; suivies &laquo; d&rsquo;expropriations de terres &raquo;.<\/p>\n<p>Selon les signataires, malgr&eacute; le retour organis&eacute; des ex-d&eacute;port&eacute;s et r&eacute;fugi&eacute;s, &laquo; force est de constater que depuis notre retour au terroir, il y a pr&egrave;s d&rsquo;une d&eacute;cennie, aucune clause de l&rsquo;Accord tripartite (Mauritanie\/S&eacute;n&eacute;gal\/HCR) n&rsquo;a &eacute;t&eacute; respect&eacute; par notre gouvernement. Nous n&rsquo;avons pu jusque-l&agrave; recouvrer nos biens (terres et b&eacute;tail) confisqu&eacute;s par les autorit&eacute;s et pire, nous n&rsquo;avons m&ecirc;me pas pu acc&eacute;der aux pi&egrave;ces d&rsquo;&eacute;tat-civil (un droit pourtant &eacute;l&eacute;mentaire) &raquo;.<\/p>\n<p>Exprimant leur d&eacute;sarroi, les signataires ont appel&eacute; les pouvoirs publics &agrave; revoir le dossier afin de favoriser la coh&eacute;sion sociale et de r&eacute;pondre aux aspirations des citoyens.<\/p>\n<p><em>Liens pour plus d&rsquo;informations :<\/em><br \/><a href=\"http:\/\/www.cridem.org\/C_Info.php?article=690151\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">http:\/\/www.cridem.org\/C_Info.php?article=690151<\/a><br \/><a href=\"http:\/\/www.cridem.org\/C_Info.php?article=690210\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">http:\/\/www.cridem.org\/C_Info.php?article=690210<\/a><\/p>\n<p><strong>Mauritanie, 24.10.2016 : le proc&egrave;s en appel des membres d&rsquo;IRA report&eacute; sine die<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Selon des sources judiciaires, le jugement en appel des militants anti-esclavagistes du mouvement IRA-Mauritanie, initialement pr&eacute;vu les 24 et 25 octobre courant a &eacute;t&eacute; report&eacute; sine die. Au nombre de vingt, dont treize membres d&rsquo;IRA-Mauritanie et sept habitants du &laquo; squat &raquo;, ces prisonniers avaient &eacute;t&eacute; arr&ecirc;t&eacute;s et jug&eacute;s en premi&egrave;re instance apr&egrave;s les manifestations dites du &laquo; squat &raquo; de Bouamattou, le 29 juin 2016 &agrave; Nouakchott.<\/p>\n<p>Accus&eacute;s par les autorit&eacute;s mauritaniennes d&rsquo;&ecirc;tre derri&egrave;re ces manifestations, ils avaient &eacute;t&eacute; condamn&eacute;s, le 18 ao&ucirc;t courant &agrave; de lourdes peines de 3, 8 et 15 ans de prison.<\/p>\n<p>Apr&egrave;s leurs condamnations par une cour de Nouakchott, les autorit&eacute;s judiciaires mauritaniennes avaient d&eacute;cid&eacute; leur transfert &agrave; la prison de Bir Moghrein dans l&rsquo;extr&ecirc;me nord du pays o&ugrave; les conditions sont rustres et les temp&eacute;ratures assez &eacute;lev&eacute;es.<\/p>\n<p>Par ailleurs, Biram ould Dah, leader du mouvement IRA Mauritane, a &eacute;t&eacute; re&ccedil;u d&eacute;but novembre par le pr&eacute;sident fran&ccedil;ais Fran&ccedil;ois Hollande, ce qui a suscit&eacute; une vive r&eacute;action de la part du gouvernement mauritanien.<\/p>\n<p><em>Liens pour plus d&rsquo;informations :<\/em><br \/><a href=\"http:\/\/www.cridem.org\/C_Info.php?article=690112\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">http:\/\/www.cridem.org\/C_Info.php?article=690112<\/a><br \/><a href=\"http:\/\/www.cridem.org\/C_Info.php?article=690130\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">http:\/\/www.cridem.org\/C_Info.php?article=690130<\/a><br \/><a href=\"http:\/\/lauthentic.info\/Politique\/article\/Mauritanie-France-Biram-ould-Dah-a-l-Elysee-Nouakchott-proteste\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">http:\/\/lauthentic.info\/Politique\/article\/Mauritanie-France-Biram<\/a><\/p>\n<p><strong>Mali, 26.10.2016 : D&eacute;signation d&rsquo;un chef d&rsquo;&eacute;tat-major des Forces du HCUA<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Un mois apr&egrave;s l&rsquo;assassinat du Cheikh Aoussa, le 8 octobre 2016, et selon des sources de presse, le Haut Conseil pour l&rsquo;Unit&eacute; de l&rsquo;Azawad (HCUA), r&eacute;unis &agrave; Kidal le 25.10.16 en r&eacute;union extraordinaire, a d&eacute;sign&eacute; Achafghi Ag Bouhada et Alhousseini AG Ahmedou respectivement chef d&rsquo;&eacute;tat-Major et chef d&rsquo;&eacute;tat-major adjoint des \u00ab\u00a0Forces du HCUA\u00a0\u00bb.<\/p>\n<p><em>Liens pour plus d&rsquo;informations :<\/em><br \/><a href=\"http:\/\/www.cridem.org\/C_Info.php?article=690160\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">http:\/\/www.cridem.org\/C_Info.php?article=690160<\/a><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #902323;\"><strong>VIOLENT EXTREMISM AND THE WAR ON TERROR \/ EXTR&Eacute;MISME VIOLENT ET LA GUERRE CONTRE LA TERREUR<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p><strong>Cross-regional, 26.10.2016: U.S. &amp; U.K. sending planes, troops to deter Russia in the east<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Defense Secretary Ash Carter said in Brussels last week. \u00ab\u00a0We are contributing a persistent rotational armored brigade combat team.\u00a0\u00bb This mobilization includes \u00ab\u00a0an armored brigade combat team&rsquo;s worth of equipment in Europe in addition to two brigades already in Europe,\u00a0\u00bb the Department of Defense clarified in a press statement, noting that the developments are part of the \u00ab\u00a0European Reassurance Initiative\u00a0\u00bb (ERI). Britain also announced that it plans to mobilize fighter planes to Romania, with Germany, Canada and other countries that are members of NATO also promising forces. \u00ab\u00a0From early 2017, NATO will have four multinational battalions in the eastern part of the Alliance,\u00a0\u00bb NATO Secretary General Jens Stoltenberg said last week. \u00ab\u00a0This is credible deterrence. Not to provoke a conflict, but to prevent conflict. Concrete proof that NATO can and will deploy thousands of forces to support our Allies.\u00a0\u00bb<\/p>\n<p>A U.S. initiative begun in 2014 to reassure allies that the United States remains committed to enduring peace and stability in Europe has transitioned into a deterrent approach in light of Russian aggression.<\/p>\n<p>According to Mark Cancian and Lisa Samp a fellow, at the Center for Strategic and International Studies (CSIS) in Washington, D.C. although the initiative is not a change in strategy, \u00ab\u00a0it does represent a shift in emphasis, recognizing that the threat from Russia is not going away anytime soon and, in fact, may be getting worse. It also shows that Russia is now ranking higher in the administration&rsquo;s overall prioritization of global challenges.\u00a0\u00bb Responding to whether it is provocative for Russians, they said, \u00ab\u00a0No, it is not provocative in a military sense. The new measures being undertaken are defensive in nature and demonstrate U.S. preparedness to respond, not invade. The United States is not moving forward any deep strike weapons that could attack the Russian homeland. The U.S. fighters being retained in Europe are F-15Cs, which have only counter-air capabilities, not F-15Es, which also have air-to-ground capability. No new U.S. troops are being permanently stationed in Eastern Europe. The Russians have established a pattern of crying foul on any moves to enhance deterrence, particularly any steps that bring NATO forces closer to their borders, as part of their long-term effort to constrain NATO actions and undermine Europe&rsquo;s cohesion.\u00a0\u00bb<\/p>\n<p>A report on the Alternet website indicates that the US administration is reallocating funds from the Overseas Contingency Operations (OCO) budget, originally an emergency budget set up for the Afghanistan and Iraq wars which later \u00ab\u00a0morphed into a slush fund\u00a0\u00bb in the words of Lindsay Koshgarian, research director for the National Priorities Project. Use of the OCO will enable the administration to side-step cuts in the Defense Budget.<\/p>\n<p><em>Links for more information:<\/em><br \/><a href=\"http:\/\/www.defense.gov\/News\/Article\/Article\/987827\/carter-announces-deterrence-defense-buildup-in-europe\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">http:\/\/www.defense.gov\/News\/Article\/Article\/987827\/carter-announces-deterrence-defense<\/a><br \/><a href=\"https:\/\/www.whitehouse.gov\/the-press-office\/2014\/06\/03\/fact-sheet-european-reassurance-initiative-and-other-us-efforts-support-\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/www.whitehouse.gov\/the-press-office\/2014\/06\/03\/fact-sheet-european-reassurance<\/a><br \/><a href=\"http:\/\/www.alternet.org\/world\/obamas-pentagon-using-war-terror-slush-fund-bankroll-dangerous-military-buildup-near-russian\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">http:\/\/www.alternet.org\/world\/obamas-pentagon-using-war-terror-slush<\/a><br \/><a href=\"http:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-nato-russia-idUSKCN12P31W\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">http:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-nato-russia<\/a><br \/><a href=\"http:\/\/www.nato.int\/cps\/en\/natohq\/opinions_136414.htm\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">http:\/\/www.nato.int\/cps\/en\/natohq\/opinions<\/a><br \/><a href=\"https:\/\/www.csis.org\/analysis\/european-reassurance-initiative-0\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/www.csis.org\/analysis\/european-reassurance-initiative<\/a><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<p><em>The views and perspectives contained in the Weekly Update are from individual contributors and external sources, and do not necessarily reflect the opinions or position of the Cordoba Foundation of Geneva. The links are neither intended as an endorsement of particular publications nor the only source for the updates, but to connect to information in the public domain, for those interested in background or further details.<\/em><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>25th October &#8211; 8th November 2016 Cordoba Foundation of Geneva<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":509,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[15],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-594","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-newsletter"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.3 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>The Cordoba Update 19\/2016 - Cordoba Peace Institute | Fran\u00e7ais<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/cpi-geneva.org\/fr\/the-cordoba-update-19-2016\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fr_FR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"The Cordoba Update 19\/2016 - 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