{"id":575,"date":"2016-06-29T22:50:21","date_gmt":"2016-06-29T21:50:21","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/cpi-geneva.org\/fr\/2016\/06\/29\/the-cordoba-update-13-2016\/"},"modified":"2023-04-09T23:51:21","modified_gmt":"2023-04-09T22:51:21","slug":"the-cordoba-update-13-2016","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/cpi-geneva.org\/fr\/the-cordoba-update-13-2016\/","title":{"rendered":"The Cordoba Update 13\/2016"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><!-- {lofimg src=\"\/images\/stories\/Cordoba-Update_logo.jpg\"} --><\/p>\n<div><strong>15<sup>th<\/sup> &#8211; 29<sup>th<\/sup> June 2016<br \/><\/strong><\/div>\n<div>Cordoba Foundation of Geneva<em><br \/><\/em><\/div>\n<p><!--more--><\/p>\n<style scoped=\"scoped\" type=\"text\/css\"><!--\ntd {\n\t\t\tbackground: #f5f4ef none repeat scroll 0 0;\n\t\t\tvertical-align: top;\n\t\t\tpadding: 6px 12px;\n\t\t}\n\t\ttd.cuintro {\n\t\t\tbackground: #F7FAFE none repeat scroll 0 0;\n\t\t}\n\t\tul {\n\t\t\tmargin: 0 0.5em 0 1em;\n\t\t\tpadding: 0;\n\t\t}\n\t\tli {\n\t\t\tmargin-bottom: 0;\n\t\t\tpadding-left: 9px;\n\t\t\ttext-align: left;\n\t\t}\n--><\/style>\n<div>\n<table border=\"0\" style=\"width: 100%;\" cellspacing=\"4\" cellpadding=\"4\" align=\"center\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"cuintro\">\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\">The bi-weekly CORDOBA UPDATE is the product of continuous monitoring work, carried out by the Cordoba Foundation of Geneva team. By analysing and reporting on key events and trends in the Foundation&rsquo;s areas of interest, we aim to draw readers&rsquo; attention to pertinent developments in North Africa, the Sahel, West Asia and Europe, which are not always covered in &lsquo;mainstream&rsquo; media.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\">In addition to sharing news from these four regions, the Cordoba Update is an opportunity for the Foundation to provide regular updates on its publications, events and other developments.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\">In line with the programmes and projects funded by partners of the Cordoba Foundation of Geneva, updates and information are included under the following themes:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\">Islamist-Secular relations;<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\">Transition and Political participation;<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\">Relations between communities of different ethnic, cultural and religious affiliations;<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\">Violent extremism and the war on terror;<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\">The Cordoba Foundation of Geneva in the media;<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\">General information.<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\"><br \/><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\">For questions and\/or feedback regarding the content and form of the Cordoba Update, please contact Sarah Franck: <a href=\"mailto:sarah.franck@cordoue.ch\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">sarah.franck@cordoue.ch<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<hr style=\"border-top: 1px solid #cccccc; border-bottom: none; width: 50%; margin: auto;\" \/>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\">Le CORDOBA UPDATE est un bimensuel qui pr&eacute;sente le travail continu de suivi r&eacute;alis&eacute; par l&rsquo;&eacute;quipe de la Fondation Cordoue de Gen&egrave;ve. Par l&rsquo;analyse des &eacute;v&eacute;nements et tendances qui concernent les domaines d&rsquo;int&eacute;r&ecirc;t de la Fondation, nous visons &agrave; attirer l&rsquo;attention de nos lecteurs sur les d&eacute;veloppements pertinents en Afrique du Nord, dans le Sahel, en Asie de l&rsquo;Ouest et en Europe, une actualit&eacute; qui n&rsquo;est pas toujours couverte dans les m&eacute;dias dits &lsquo;traditionnels&rsquo;.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\">Outre le partage de l&rsquo;actualit&eacute; de ces quatre r&eacute;gions, le &laquo; Cordoba Update &raquo; est un moyen pour la Fondation de fournir des mises &agrave; jour r&eacute;guli&egrave;res sur ses publications, &eacute;v&eacute;nements et autres d&eacute;veloppements.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\">En accord avec les programmes et projets financ&eacute;s par les partenaires de la Fondation Cordoue de Gen&egrave;ve, les mises &agrave; jour et informations concernent les th&egrave;mes suivants :<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\">Relations islamistes-s&eacute;culiers ;<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\">Transition et participation politique ;<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\">Relations entre communaut&eacute;s de diff&eacute;rentes affiliations ethniques, culturelles et religieuses ;<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\">L&rsquo;extr&eacute;misme violent et la guerre contre le terrorisme ;<br \/><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\">La Fondation Cordoue de Gen&egrave;ve dans les m&eacute;dias ;<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\">Information g&eacute;n&eacute;rale.<br \/><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\">Pour des questions et \/ ou des commentaires concernant le contenu et la forme du Cordoba Update, veuillez contacter Sarah Franck : <a href=\"mailto:sarah.franck@cordoue.ch\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">sarah.franck@cordoue.ch<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<p><span style=\"color: #902323;\"><strong>ISLAMIST-SECULAR RELATIONS \/ RELATIONS ENTRE S&Eacute;CULIERS ET ISLAMISTES<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p><strong>Morocco, 16.06.2016: Abdelilah Benkirane Affirms the Civil and Political Nature of the PJD<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>In a speech given at congress, Morocco&rsquo;s Prime Minister Abdelilah Benkirane has spoken out against the ruling party&rsquo;s main competition in the upcoming national elections, the royal palace-backed opposition party, the Party of Authenticity and Modernity (PAM). He stated that \u00ab\u00a0PAM&rsquo;s political project has failed despite the fact that it is backed by some media,\u00a0\u00bb and furthermore emphasised that the Party of Justice and Development (PJD), is a civil and political party \u00ab\u00a0which is far from the religious Islamism.\u00a0\u00bb<\/p>\n<p>One source noted that this speech was a significant change to the rhetoric of PJD leaders in the past, many of whom espoused a return to \u00ab\u00a0Islamic laws\u00a0\u00bb in order to solve the country&rsquo;s current problems. However, the party, and its members, have adapted themselves to complex political realities, notably abandoning their desired \u00ab\u00a0moral reforms\u00a0\u00bb and instead championing certain economic and social reforms. These have resulted in some protest against the government in recent months, with some groups levelling the criticism that the PJD has failed to engage in a social dialogue over citizens&rsquo; concerns for certain legislative alterations (see the Cordoba Update 2\/2016 and 7\/2016).<\/p>\n<p>Four months ahead of parliamentary elections, the PJD has voted to prolong Prime Minister Abdelilah Benkirane&rsquo;s tenure as secretary general. Some commentators have speculated that this move means that the party expects Benkirane&rsquo;s legitimacy to play a decisive role in the national elections.<\/p>\n<p>In addition, the PJD and numerous other political parties voted to postpone their ordinary congresses until after Moroccans go to the polls. According to some sources, the PJD sees PAM as its primary rival in the upcoming elections because the establishment party won more regions than the ruling party in the country&rsquo;s first regional elections, in 2015.<\/p>\n<p>In the upcoming parliamentary elections however, the PJD is banking on Benkirane&rsquo;s popularity to see them through to a second, consecutive win.<\/p>\n<p><em>Links for more information:<\/em><br \/><a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=eYBVi2W33Zw\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=eYBVi2W33Zw<\/a><br \/><a href=\"http:\/\/www.middleeasteye.net\/columns\/will-moroccos-benkirane-lead-his-ruling-party-another-electoral-victory-960416958\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">http:\/\/www.middleeasteye.net\/columns\/will-moroccos-benkirane<\/a><br \/><a href=\"http:\/\/www.medias24.com\/NATION\/POLITIQUE\/162653-Abdelilah-Benkirane-sera-secretaire-general-du-PJD-pour-un-an-de-plus.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">http:\/\/www.medias24.com\/NATION\/POLITIQUE\/162653-Abdelilah-Benkirane<\/a><br \/><a href=\"http:\/\/lematin.ma\/journal\/2016\/le-pjd-reporte-la-tenue-de-son-congres-national-ordinaire\/248151.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">http:\/\/lematin.ma\/journal\/2016\/le-pjd-reporte-la-tenue-de-son-congres<\/a><br \/><a href=\"http:\/\/www.maghrebemergent.com\/economie\/maroc\/60132-maroc-a-quatre-mois-des-legislatives-le-gouvernement-differe-la-reforme-de-la-caisse-de-compensation-des-prix.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">http:\/\/www.maghrebemergent.com\/economie\/maroc\/60132-maroc-a-quatre-mois<\/a><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #902323;\"><strong>TRANSITION AND POLITICAL PARTICIPATION \/ TRANSITION ET PARTICIPATION POLITIQUE<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p><strong>Egypt, 21.06.2016: Court of Egypt Rejects Transfer of Islands to Saudi Arabia<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>In a rare display of rebellion against Abdel Fatah al-Sisi, a Cairo court voted to annul his decision to transfer sovereignty of two islands to Saudi Arabia. Judge Yehia el-Dakroury declared that Egypt&rsquo;s maritime border would not be redrawn, meaning that the islands of Tiran and Sanafir will remain under Egyptian sovereignty.<\/p>\n<p>In April 2016, Sisi awarded the two islands to Saudi Arabia in a highly controversial deal during a visit to Egypt by King Salman, which also coincided with the signing of oil deals and development packages from the Gulf kingdom. Sisi&rsquo;s government, together with loyal media, has zealously defended the April agreement, arguing that it would bring economic benefits to Egypt. It says the islands were only placed under Egyptian control in 1950 for protection from Israel, which briefly occupied them six years later during the Suez crisis. On April 9, the Egyptian cabinet declared that the agreement came \u00ab\u00a0after hard work that lasted a long six years, during which time 11 rounds of meetings were held with the maritime delimitation committee between [Saudi Arabia and Egypt].\u00a0\u00bb<\/p>\n<p>On 26 June 2016, the Supreme Administrative Court adjourned to July 3 the government&rsquo;s appeal against last week&rsquo;s verdict to nullify a border demarcation agreement between Egypt and Saudi Arabia that was made in April. A different circuit within the court will consider whether to recuse the judges who presided over the case filed against the border agreement by lawyer and former presidential hopeful, Khaled Ali and his team.<\/p>\n<p>Omar Rafeq, the deputy head of the State Lawsuits Authority (who represent the government in legal cases) presented the court with 22 documents to support the case for the islands belonging to Saudi Arabia. Among the documents were letters exchanged between Egypt and Saudi Arabia, in which the latter asked Cairo to take responsibility for protecting Tiran and Sanafir. Foreign Minister Sameh Shoukry said on 14 June 2016 that parliament has the right to reject the transfer of sovereignty of the Tiran and Sanafir islands to Saudi Arabia, stressing that the agreement would be \u00ab\u00a0as if it never happened\u00a0\u00bb should parliament veto it.<\/p>\n<p>Meanwhile, a judicial decision delivered has worsened Egypt&rsquo;s relationship with Qatar and hurt the country&rsquo;s reputation for press freedom. The final verdict in a high-profile trial of 11 people for espionage was finally handed down by a Cairo court on 18 June, with six people sentenced to death. It confirms the death sentence for six of the defendants, including two staff members of Qatar-based broadcaster Al Jazeera. Egypt&rsquo;s former president Mohamed Morsi was sentenced to life imprisonment, along with aides Ahmed Abdel Aaty and Amin al-Serafy.<\/p>\n<p><em>Links for more information:<\/em><br \/><a href=\"https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/world\/middle_east\/egyptian-court-rejects-border-demarcation-pact-with-saudi\/2016\/06\/21\/10df2d2c-3792-11e6-af02-1df55f0c77ff_story.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/world\/middle_east\/egyptian-court-rejects<\/a><br \/><a href=\"https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2016\/jun\/21\/egyptian-court-quashes-transfer-red-sea-islands-saudi-arabia\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2016\/jun\/21\/egyptian-court-quashes<\/a><br \/><a href=\"http:\/\/www.dailynewsegypt.com\/2016\/06\/15\/shoukry-addresses-youth-islands-agreement-terrorism-international-relations\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">http:\/\/www.dailynewsegypt.com\/2016\/06\/15\/shoukry-addresses-youth-islands<\/a><br \/><a href=\"http:\/\/www.theafricareport.com\/North-Africa\/egypt-court-decision-a-political-case.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">http:\/\/www.theafricareport.com\/North-Africa\/egypt-court-decision-a-political-case<\/a><br \/><a href=\"http:\/\/egyptianstreets.com\/2016\/06\/21\/egypt-administrative-court-annuls-transfer-of-red-sea-islands-to-saudi-arabia\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">http:\/\/egyptianstreets.com\/2016\/06\/21\/egypt-administrative-court-annuls-transfer<\/a><\/p>\n<p><strong>Libya, 16-28.06.2016: Shifting Alliances in Libya&rsquo;s Conflict<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>The main development in Libya&rsquo;s stalemate over the last three weeks has been the offensive against the so-called \u00ab\u00a0Islamic State\u00a0\u00bb group in Sirte led (officially) by forces under the command of Faize Serraj&rsquo;s Presidency Council. Reports from the field indicate that Islamic State militia are besieged in a 5 km sq area and have suffered significant losses.<\/p>\n<p>On the frontline, it is in fact Misratan militia (Hatin and Al-Marsa) that have spearheaded the offensive, helped by airstrikes from aircraft using an air base in Misrata. Despite Serraj&rsquo;s instructions to stop 60 km before Sirte, the Misratans stormed ahead and delivered advances against Islamic State in a remarkably a short time. The Misratans are determined to defeat Islamic State in Sirte because it represents a security threat to their home town, which is immediately west of Sirte. The significant Misratan advances in Sirte were soon reclaimed by Serraj, who admitted that the offensive was supported logistically by foreign military advisers.<\/p>\n<p>On the eastern front, Benghazi Revolutionary militants have scored significant advances, taking control of parts of Jdabia to the detriment of Khalifa Hafter&rsquo;s forces. Hafter&rsquo;s troubles were complicated further by a shifting of alliances within his camp. First, Al-Awaguir tribe (a strong ally to Hafter and a main source of combatants) held a tribal council meeting in which they discussed reports of assassinations of Awaguir tribe figures, reportedly masterminded by Hafter&rsquo;s men. The revelation led to a sort of split within the tribe; between those who are calling for an end to the alliance with Hafter and those who think doing so could have negative consequences on the tribe. Those in favour of ending the alliance with Hafter argue that Al-Awaguir tribe gained nothing from the alliance, while Al-Maghariba tribe control oil terminals, Al-Bara&rsquo;sa tribe control the Tobruk-based government, and the Al-Abidaat control the House of Representatives (HoR).<\/p>\n<p>Second, in a statement to a Libyan TV station, Ibrahim Djadhran (whose loyal forces control oil terminals in Jdabia) pledged to fight Hafter should his forces attempt to re-take Jdabia. Third, these developments come at a time when Aguila Saleh, president of the HoR, appointed Abderazak Nadhori, military commander of the zone stretching from Derna to Beni Jwad. This move has been decoded as a fallout between Saleh and Hafter. The latter flew to Cairo late last week and then arrived in Moscow on Sunday 26 June.<\/p>\n<p>Politically, there have been reports of a mediation underway by Saudi Arabia, due to kick off at the end of the Ramadan, on 5 June. Reportedly, a delegation of Libyan tribal leaders will visit Riyadh after Ramadan, while a group of religious scholars will pay a visit to Sadek Gharyani, the Grand Mufti of Libya. Given this, Aguila Saleh&rsquo;s arrival in Oman on Saturday 25 June was reportedly part of this Saudi mediation, some sources believe.<\/p>\n<p><em>Links for more information:<\/em><br \/><a href=\"https:\/\/www.libyaherald.com\/2016\/06\/27\/ageela-saleh-visits-oman\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/www.libyaherald.com\/2016\/06\/27\/ageela-saleh-visits-oman<\/a><br \/><a href=\"http:\/\/www.marsad.ly\/en\/2016\/06\/23\/uk-troops-operating-french-led-libyan-base-aiding-renegade-general\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">http:\/\/www.marsad.ly\/en\/2016\/06\/23\/uk-troops-operating-french-led-libyan<\/a><br \/><a href=\"http:\/\/video.akhbar-libya.ly\/c1st87tp83df\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">http:\/\/video.akhbar-libya.ly\/c1st87tp83df<\/a> (Ibrahim Djadhran statement)<br \/><a href=\"http:\/\/video.akhbar-libya.ly\/rwguc2n1djic\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">http:\/\/video.akhbar-libya.ly\/rwguc2n1djic<\/a> (Faraj Aguaim: Al-Awaguir tribe council meeting)<br \/><a href=\"http:\/\/arabi21.com\/story\/915358\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">http:\/\/arabi21.com\/story\/915358<\/a><\/p>\n<p><strong>Mali, le 23.06.2016 : Nord du Mali : la pr&eacute;sidence nomme son repr&eacute;sentant pour l&rsquo;application de l&rsquo;accord d&rsquo;Alger<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Le gouvernement malien vient de d&eacute;signer un nouveau haut repr&eacute;sentant du pr&eacute;sident de la R&eacute;publique du Mali pour l&rsquo;application de l&rsquo;accord d&rsquo;Alger. Ce haut fonctionnaire qui a le statut de ministre ne si&eacute;geant pas en conseil des ministres sera la pi&egrave;ce ma&icirc;tresse dans l&rsquo;application de l&rsquo;accord sign&eacute; il y a un an &agrave; Alger entre le gouvernement malien et les diff&eacute;rentes autres parties &agrave; la crise que conna&icirc;t le pays depuis 2012. L&rsquo;int&eacute;ress&eacute;, Mahamadou Diagouraga est connu pour avoir &eacute;t&eacute; l&rsquo;un des acteurs de premier plan dans les pr&eacute;c&eacute;dentes crises du nord du pays dans les ann&eacute;es 90. Il serait une personnalit&eacute; consensuelle, respect&eacute;e aussi bien au sud qu&rsquo;au nord du pays.<\/p>\n<p>Ancien commissaire au Nord (dans les ann&eacute;es 90), Mahamadou Diagouraga &eacute;tait le principal interlocuteur des groupes arm&eacute;s pour le retour de la paix. A la r&eacute;surgence de la r&eacute;bellion touar&egrave;gue en 2006, il est rappel&eacute; aux affaires et install&eacute; &agrave; Kidal &agrave; la t&ecirc;te de la commission du suivi de l&rsquo;accord d&rsquo;Alger. Inspecteur g&eacute;n&eacute;ral de police, il &eacute;tait jusque-l&agrave; ambassadeur du Mali en Mauritanie. A partir de ce pays, il avait entretenu des rapports tr&egrave;s apais&eacute;s avec les responsables des groupes arm&eacute;s install&eacute;s dans ce pays. A plusieurs reprises, il s&rsquo;&eacute;tait investi pour convaincre les uns et les autres d&rsquo;accepter d&rsquo;aller aux diff&eacute;rentes rencontres pour la paix dans le nord du pays. A ce titre, sa nomination est plut&ocirc;t tr&egrave;s bien accueillie par les groupes arm&eacute;s. Elle est &eacute;galement salu&eacute;e dans le milieu diplomatique aussi bien &agrave; Nouakchott qu&rsquo;&agrave; Bamako. L&rsquo;homme entretiendrait aussi d&rsquo;excellentes relations avec l&rsquo;Alg&eacute;rie avec laquelle il avait eu &agrave; travailler &eacute;troitement dans le cadre des diff&eacute;rents processus de normalisation de la situation au nord de son pays.<\/p>\n<p><em>Liens pour plus d&rsquo;informations :<\/em><br \/><a href=\"http:\/\/www.cridem.org\/C_Info.php?article=685932\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">http:\/\/www.cridem.org\/C_Info.php?article=685932<\/a><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #902323;\"><strong>RELATIONS BETWEEN COMMUNITIES OF DIFFERENT ETHNIC, CULTURAL AND RELIGIOUS AFFILIATIONS \/ <br \/>RELATIONS ENTRE COMMUNAUT&Eacute;S DE DIFF&Eacute;RENTES AFFILIATIONS ETHNIQUES, CULTURELLES ET RELIGIEUSES<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p><strong>Mali, 20.06.2016: Naissance d&rsquo;un nouveau mouvement arm&eacute; d&rsquo;ob&eacute;dience peulhe<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Le 18 juin, un nouveau groupe arm&eacute;, l&rsquo;Alliance nationale pour la sauvegarde de l&rsquo;identit&eacute; peule et la restauration de la justice (ANSIPRJ), a vu le jour au centre du Mali. Se fixant comme objectifs, entre autres, l&rsquo;autod&eacute;fense des peulhs, il est dirig&eacute; par un instituteur, Oumar Aldjana, jusque-l&agrave; inconnu du grand public. Aldjana qui commanderait environ 700 hommes affirme vouloir mettre fin aux exactions contre les peulhes qui sont &laquo; victimes d&rsquo;amalgame de la part des militaires maliens et fran&ccedil;ais &raquo;.<\/p>\n<p>Selon des sources de presse maliennes, le mouvement serait soutenu par des associations politiques et culturelles locales. Il b&eacute;n&eacute;ficierait aussi de la sympathie de la diaspora peulhe, notamment dans les pays voisins et en Europe. Les m&ecirc;mes sources affirment que Aldjana serait actuellement en Mauritanie o&ugrave; il aurait &eacute;t&eacute; re&ccedil;u en haut lieu.<\/p>\n<p>S&rsquo;estimant toujours pris entre deux feux depuis le d&eacute;clenchement des troubles s&eacute;curitaires et le d&eacute;but des op&eacute;rations militaires au nord Mali, les populations Peulhes de la zone centre et ouest du Mali accusent aussi bien les mouvements violents &agrave; connotation religieuse (AQMI, MUJAO et An&ccedil;ar Dine) et ind&eacute;pendantistes (MNLA) que les arm&eacute;es malienne et fran&ccedil;aise de les cibler syst&eacute;matiquement. Selon Aldjana, les premiers accusent les peulhs d&rsquo;&ecirc;tre pro-Bamako et n&rsquo;h&eacute;sitent pas &agrave; se servir de leurs troupeaux pour nourrir leurs troupes. Les seconds, qui les taxent d&rsquo;&ecirc;tre pro-mouvements insurg&eacute;s et s&eacute;paratistes, s&rsquo;en prennent aux jeunes Peulhs qui sont malmen&eacute;s, arbitrairement arr&ecirc;t&eacute;s et souvent tu&eacute;s.<\/p>\n<p>De prime &agrave; bord, les observateurs s&rsquo;interrogent sur la repr&eacute;sentativit&eacute;, donc la l&eacute;gitimit&eacute; dont jouit ce mouvement pour parler au nom des Peulhs du mali. Selon un membre actif de l&rsquo;une des plus grandes associations culturelles peulhes du pays &laquo; Tabital Pulaagu &raquo; (Promotion de la culture peulhe), &laquo; Prendre les armes n&rsquo;est jamais la solution &agrave; un probl&egrave;me sociopolitique ou identitaire. Face aux exactions dont nos fr&egrave;res et s&oelig;urs sont victimes dans la zone de Douentza, T&eacute;nenkou, Youwarou&#8230;, nous avons tir&eacute; la sonnette d&rsquo;alarme. Apr&egrave;s une p&eacute;riode d&rsquo;indiff&eacute;rence, le gouvernement a positivement r&eacute;agi en manifestant sa d&eacute;termination &agrave; faire la lumi&egrave;re sur la situation. C&rsquo;est la meilleure approche &agrave; mes yeux &raquo;. Il ajoute, &laquo; une personne ou une communaut&eacute; ne peut pas prendre des armes pour repr&eacute;senter tous les peuls du Mali &raquo;.<\/p>\n<p>Un autre cadre peulh install&eacute; &agrave; Bamako affirme &agrave; la presse : &laquo; Tout ce que dit Oumar Aldjannah est faux. Il a d&rsquo;autres motivations personnelles que de d&eacute;fendre les peulhs. ANSIPRJ est comme le MNLA. Elle ne repr&eacute;sente ni les peuls ni une autre ethnie. Elle veut juste cr&eacute;er la panique au sein de la population pour profiter de la confusion ou des dividendes de la paix &raquo;.<\/p>\n<p>De sa part, un observateur de la situation au Mali commente : &laquo;la cr&eacute;ation de cette milice d&rsquo;auto-d&eacute;fense va compliquer la lutte contre le terrorisme au Mali, d&rsquo;autant plus que c&rsquo;est un autre ennemi qui va occuper les forces arm&eacute;es et de s&eacute;curit&eacute; du pays d&eacute;j&agrave; engag&eacute;es sur plusieurs fronts &raquo;. Pour un expert militaire &laquo; de nombreux observateurs parient que, ne pouvant pas engager des combats directs, cette milice ne pourra que proc&eacute;der &agrave; une guerre asym&eacute;trique, c&rsquo;est-&agrave;-dire des embuscades et des attentats contre les forces de s&eacute;curit&eacute; &raquo;.<\/p>\n<p>Pour le moment, beaucoup d&rsquo;ombres entourent ce mouvement. Cependant, force est de constater que l&rsquo;ethnisation de la violence au nord Mali par son extension &agrave; des segments de la communaut&eacute; peulhe du pays (d&eacute;j&agrave; impliqu&eacute;e dans le Front de lib&eacute;ration du Macina) constitue un nouveau facteur de d&eacute;stabilisation, non seulement pour le Mali, mais aussi pour toute la bande sah&eacute;lo-saharienne et pour l&rsquo;Afrique de l&rsquo;ouest et centrale. Pr&eacute;sente dans 18 pays africains (de la Mauritanie au Soudan), la communaut&eacute; peulhe (Fulani) pourrait, par un appel d&rsquo;air gr&eacute;gaire, alimenter les conflits en cours sous le pr&eacute;texte de d&eacute;fendre les consanguins au Mali ; ce qui ouvrirait la bo&icirc;te &agrave; pandore dans une zone d&eacute;j&agrave; lourdement affect&eacute;e par les dissensions inter-ethniques et la violence.<\/p>\n<p><em>Liens pour plus d&rsquo;informations :<\/em><br \/><a href=\"http:\/\/malijet.com\/a_la_une_du_mali\/159554-paix-et-r%C3%A9conciliation-nationale-les-%C2%ABpeulhs%C2%BB-viennent-corser-un.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">http:\/\/malijet.com\/a_la_une_du_mali\/159554<\/a><br \/><a href=\"http:\/\/www.cridem.org\/C_Info.php?article=686051\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">http:\/\/www.cridem.org\/C_Info.php?article=686051<\/a><br \/><a href=\"http:\/\/malijet.com\/la_societe_malienne_aujourdhui\/interview_mali\/159573-%C2%AB-le-mali-traverse-une-situation-qui-n%E2%80%99est-ni-la-guerre%2C-ni-la-p.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">http:\/\/malijet.com\/la_societe_malienne_aujourdhui\/interview_mali\/159573<\/a><br \/><a href=\"http:\/\/malijet.com\/actualte_dans_les_regions_du_mali\/rebellion_au_nord_du_mali\/159571-vers-un-renforcement-de-l-action-de-la-minusma-au-mali.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">http:\/\/malijet.com\/actualte_dans_les_regions_du_mali\/rebellion_au_nord_du_mali\/159571<\/a><\/p>\n<p><strong>Gulf Region and Middle East, 13 &ndash; 26 June 2016: Political Crackdown on Opposition in the Gulf Region has Regional Consequences<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>On 14 June, Bahrain&rsquo;s government suspended all activities of the country&rsquo;s main opposition group, Al-Wefaq, pending a verdict on dissolving it entirely. This decision was announced a day after a leading human rights activist, Nabeel Rajab, head of the Bahrain Center for Human Rights was arrested on charges of \u00ab\u00a0spreading false information.\u00a0\u00bb Rajab could face up to 13 years in prison.<\/p>\n<p>The announcement of Al-Wefaq&rsquo;s closure was posted on the Bahrain News Agency, the official news outlet of the Kingdom. It highlighted that:<\/p>\n<p>The Ministry of Justice, Islamic Affairs and Endowments emphasized the dangers of (&#8230;) organizations which operate within the framework of external religious political reference, under the apparent disregard to the duties of citizenship and peaceful coexistence, and a direct dependence on the deepening sectarian political concepts&#8230;<\/p>\n<p>The announcement reflects government concern with Al-Wefaq&rsquo;s support from the Shia majority in the small kingdom; it is notable that the government describes this community&rsquo;s religious and cultural reference as \u00ab\u00a0external,\u00a0\u00bb perhaps implying that it is a foreign presence in the country. Al-Wefaq was further accused of offering support for \u00ab\u00a0terrorism, radicalisation, and violence\u00a0\u00bb and opening the way for \u00ab\u00a0foreign interference\u00a0\u00bb in the kingdom&rsquo;s affairs.<\/p>\n<p>One week later, the Bahraini government followed up on this decision by revoking the citizenship of Sheikh Issa Qassim: the spiritual leader of the Shia population of the country and a lead figure of Al-Wefaq. The interior ministry announced that Sheikh Qassim had used his position to \u00ab\u00a0serve foreign interests and promote&#8230; sectarianism and violence.\u00a0\u00bb Some observers have speculated that this latest crackdown on Bahraini opposition preludes an \u00ab\u00a0unpopular economic announcement\u00a0\u00bb for the population.<\/p>\n<p>In recent months, the Bahraini authorities have revoked the nationalities of numerous Bahraini Shias convicted of violence, in addition to expelling foreign nationals with similar religious identities (see the Cordoba Update 6\/2016). However, unlike earlier cases, the decision against Qassim was issued by the council of ministers and not by a court, demonstrating the close involvement of the ruling family&rsquo;s appointed officials in this decision. According to some sources, 260 Bahraini citizens have had their nationalities revoked since 2012.<\/p>\n<p>The decisions taken by the Bahraini government have had repercussions far beyond the country&rsquo;s borders, and the denaturalisation of Sheikh Qassim received condemnation from many quarters. As well as critical statements from the US State Department and numerous international organisations, the decision was also addressed in a rare political statement from the head of Iran&rsquo;s Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps (IRGC) Quds Force, Qasem Soleimani. Speaking of Bahrain&rsquo;s ruling family, Soleimani said that \u00ab\u00a0they certainly know that trespassing the sanctuary of Ayatollah Sheikh Issa Qassim is a red line whose crossing will set fire to Bahrain and the region and will leave people with no path but armed resistance.\u00a0\u00bb Soleimani&rsquo;s analysis suggests that the Bahraini government&rsquo;s move is a turning-point in the relations between alienated citizens and their rulers in the Gulf region, and perhaps further afield.<\/p>\n<p>In addition to the head of the IRGC, Hezbollah, and Iraqi groups including Hadi al-Amiri (head of the Iran-backed Badr organisation), Qais Khazali (head of the Iran-backed League of the Righteous militia, one of the most extreme and best connected of the unofficial Shiite Muslim militias currently fighting in Iraq) and supporters of Muqtada al-Sadr (see past Cordoba Updates) expressed similar condemnation of the Bahraini ruling family and its government. The actions of the Bahraini government and the reactions expressing solidarity with Sheikh Qassim and with Bahrain&rsquo;s Shia population more generally, may result in an inflammation of the situation in the region, at the expense of national cohesion.<\/p>\n<p>Elsewhere in the Gulf, similar instances of social and political unrest have been seen in recent weeks. Saudi Arabia has seen some violence in the eastern provinces, where a police officer was killed on 24 June, just two days after a man who was wanted by Saudi authorities was killed in a security forces raid on his home. In addition, the Kuwaiti parliamentarian, Abdul Hamid Dashti (who is described as \u00ab\u00a0an outspoken critic of Saudi Arabia&rsquo;s involvement in Yemen and Bahrain\u00a0\u00bb) has been sentenced to jail on charges of defamation submitted against him by the Saudi Arabian embassy in Kuwait.<\/p>\n<p>In the current, tense regional climate, developments such as those in Bahrain could signal a sharp increase in violence in diverse communities &ndash; both aimed at the ruling regimes and at other sections of the population.<\/p>\n<p><em>Links for more information:<\/em><br \/><a href=\"https:\/\/www.alaraby.co.uk\/english\/news\/2016\/6\/14\/bahrain-in-major-new-crackdown-on-opposition\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/www.alaraby.co.uk\/english\/news\/2016\/6\/14\/bahrain<\/a><br \/><a href=\"https:\/\/www.alaraby.co.uk\/english\/news\/2016\/6\/26\/bahraini-rights-activist-on-trial-for-yemen-tweets\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/www.alaraby.co.uk\/english\/news\/2016\/6\/26\/bahraini-rights-activist<\/a><br \/><a href=\"http:\/\/www.bna.bh\/portal\/en\/news\/732195\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">http:\/\/www.bna.bh\/portal\/en\/news\/732195<\/a><br \/><a href=\"https:\/\/www.alaraby.co.uk\/english\/news\/2016\/6\/20\/bahrain-strips-citizenship-of-shia-cleric-in-latest-crackdown\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/www.alaraby.co.uk\/english\/news\/2016\/6\/20\/bahrain-strips-citizenship<\/a><br \/><a href=\"http:\/\/www.alwasatnews.com\/news\/1128854.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">http:\/\/www.alwasatnews.com\/news\/1128854<\/a><br \/><a href=\"https:\/\/cpi-geneva.org\/fr\/2014\/03\/07\/7th-cordoba-now-forum-meeting-marrakesh-2014\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">http:\/\/www.cordoue.ch\/the-cordoba-update\/item\/426<\/a><br \/><a href=\"http:\/\/www.al-monitor.com\/pulse\/originals\/2016\/06\/soleimani-bahrain-quds-force-isa-qassim-iran.html#ixzz4CmMywTvj\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">http:\/\/www.al-monitor.com\/pulse\/originals\/2016\/06\/soleimani-bahrain<\/a><br \/><a href=\"http:\/\/www.presstv.ir\/Detail\/2016\/06\/25\/472037\/Iraq-Bahrain-Sheikh-Isa-Qassim-Baghdad-Basrahiraq\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">http:\/\/www.presstv.ir\/Detail\/2016\/06\/25\/472037\/Iraq-Bahrain-Sheikh<\/a><br \/><a href=\"http:\/\/arabi21.com\/story\/915841\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">http:\/\/arabi21.com\/story\/915841\/<\/a><br \/><a href=\"https:\/\/www.alaraby.co.uk\/english\/news\/2016\/6\/25\/police-officer-shot-dead-in-saudi-arabias-restive-east\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/www.alaraby.co.uk\/english\/news\/2016\/6\/25\/police-officer-shot<\/a><br \/><a href=\"https:\/\/www.alaraby.co.uk\/english\/news\/2016\/6\/19\/kuwaiti-lawmaker-jailed-after-saudi-defamation-allegations\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/www.alaraby.co.uk\/english\/news\/2016\/6\/19\/kuwaiti-lawmaker<\/a><\/p>\n<p><strong>Union Europ&eacute;enne (UE), 27.06.16: Apr&egrave;s le vote pro-Brexit, l&rsquo;UE arrivera-t-elle &agrave; se r&eacute;former et &agrave; remettre l&rsquo;humain au centre de sa politique ?<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Le Brexit vient chambouler voire dramatiquement transformer la structure europ&eacute;enne, alors que le contexte semblait d&eacute;j&agrave; peu favorable &agrave; l&rsquo;&eacute;quilibre et &agrave; la stabilit&eacute; europ&eacute;enne. Ce nouveau coup dur vient donc rejouer les cartes de l&rsquo;avenir europ&eacute;en qui, semble-t-il, tendrait &agrave; plus de populisme et de replis sur soi. En effet, &agrave; l&rsquo;issue de ce vote, certains partis nationalistes, dont le Front National de Marine Le Pen, ont appel&eacute; &agrave; des r&eacute;f&eacute;rendums nationaux afin de remettre en question l&rsquo;appartenance &agrave; l&rsquo;Union Europ&eacute;enne de leurs pays respectifs.<\/p>\n<p>Pour la BBC, c&rsquo;est le r&ocirc;le de meneur qu&rsquo;aurait jou&eacute; l&rsquo;Allemagne ces derni&egrave;res ann&eacute;es et notamment son positionnement vis-&agrave;-vis du conflit en Ukraine et vis-&agrave;-vis de la crise migratoire, qui aurait inqui&eacute;t&eacute; Outre-Manche.<\/p>\n<p>De plus, la rh&eacute;torique anti-immigrant sur laquelle les partisans du Brexit ont jou&eacute; durant la campagne semble avoir eu une influence significative. Cela a notamment pouss&eacute; le quotidien The Guardian a mener une enqu&ecirc;te d&rsquo;opinion afin de recueillir les t&eacute;moignages des immigr&eacute;s au Royaume-Unis et leur sentiment vis-&agrave;-vis du vote pro-Brexit.<\/p>\n<p>Sur un plan international, le d&eacute;sengagement britannique de l&rsquo;Union Europ&eacute;enne risque d&rsquo;avoir un impact cons&eacute;quent sur les projets humanitaires et s&eacute;curitaires en Afrique. En effet, de nombreux projets de d&eacute;veloppement britannique sont directement financ&eacute;s par le Fond Europ&eacute;en de D&eacute;veloppement (FED) et il n&rsquo;a pas encore &eacute;t&eacute; d&eacute;cid&eacute; de r&eacute;allouer ces fonds aupr&egrave;s du D&eacute;partement britannique pour le d&eacute;veloppement international. Cette dynamique de d&eacute;sengagement tendrait &agrave; fragiliser des projets europ&eacute;ens qui, justement, visent dans le long terme &agrave; contenir les flux de r&eacute;fugi&eacute;s. Par exemple, l&rsquo;Initiative pour la route migratoire UE-Corne de l&rsquo;Afrique.<\/p>\n<p>La fragilit&eacute; de l&rsquo;UE se fait &eacute;galement ressentir dans le processus de mise en &oelig;uvre de l&rsquo;accord UE-Turquie de mars dernier. Il semblerait en effet que la politique europ&eacute;enne en mati&egrave;re de respect des droits de l&rsquo;homme et des libert&eacute;s individuelle ne fasse pas autorit&eacute; sur les d&eacute;cisions actuelles prises par Ankara en la mati&egrave;re. En effet, trois journalistes Sebnem Korur Fincanci, Erol Onderoglu, et Ahmet Nesinde accus&eacute;s de &laquo; propagandes terroriste &raquo; ont &eacute;t&eacute; plac&eacute;s le 20 juin dernier en d&eacute;tention pr&eacute;ventive. Il semblerait donc que le gouvernement turc ne tienne pas compte des pressions europ&eacute;ennes en mati&egrave;re de respect de la libert&eacute; d&rsquo;expression et de la presse. Pourtant, le respect du crit&egrave;re 65 (\/72) est une condition n&eacute;cessaire de la politique de lib&eacute;ralisation des visas pour ressortissants turcs (pour plus d&rsquo;informations : &laquo; Turkey&rsquo;s progress on the visa liberalisation roadmap &raquo; et le Cordoba Update 8\/2016).<\/p>\n<p>Comme le souligne Foreign Policy dans son article &laquo; It&rsquo;s Time for Europe to Walk Away From Its Refugee Deal With Turkey &raquo;, le syst&egrave;me europ&eacute;en dans son ensemble et vis-&agrave;-vis de la question des r&eacute;fugi&eacute;s, doit &ecirc;tre r&eacute;form&eacute;. Selon l&rsquo;auteur de cet article Nate Schenkkan, les nouvelles arrestations de journalistes qui ont eu lieu en Turquie devrait &ecirc;tre une occasion pour l&rsquo;Europe de se r&eacute;tracter vis-&agrave;-vis de l&rsquo;accord, ce qui pourrait permettre la mise en place de m&eacute;canismes plus adapt&eacute;s, plus pratiques et plus humains (pour plus d&rsquo;informations sur ces alternatives : le Cordoba Update 11\/2016 et 12\/2016).<\/p>\n<p>Enfin, afin de pr&eacute;venir une d&eacute;sint&eacute;gration de l&rsquo;UE, fragilis&eacute;e de toutes parts, le ministre fran&ccedil;ais de l&rsquo;&eacute;conomie, Emanuel Macron, a plaid&eacute; pour un d&eacute;bat d&eacute;mocratique autour de l&rsquo;avenir de l&rsquo;Union. Selon lui en effet &laquo; un projet de refondation, &ccedil;a doit se construire avec les gens &raquo;. Il a en outre plaid&eacute; pour une &laquo; consultation transeurop&eacute;enne &raquo;, afin d&rsquo;&eacute;viter un &eacute;ventuel effet de contagion et la mise en place de 27 r&eacute;f&eacute;rendums europ&eacute;ens diff&eacute;rents. Il a aussi soulign&eacute; que la question de Calais se posait &agrave; nouveau et qu&rsquo;elle devra donc &ecirc;tre &laquo; immanquablement rediscut&eacute;e &raquo;.<\/p>\n<p><em>Liens pour plus d&rsquo;informations :<\/em><br \/><a href=\"http:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/uk-politics-eu-referendum-36619129\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">http:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/uk-politics-eu-referendum<\/a><br \/><a href=\"http:\/\/foreignpolicy.com\/2016\/06\/26\/its-time-for-europe-to-walk-away-from-its-refugee-deal-with-turkey\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">http:\/\/foreignpolicy.com\/2016\/06\/26\/its-time-for-europe-to-walk-away<\/a><br \/><a href=\"https:\/\/www.hrw.org\/news\/2016\/04\/08\/eu-asylum-proposals-go-wrong-direction\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/www.hrw.org\/news\/2016\/04\/08\/eu-asylum-proposals<\/a><br \/><a href=\"http:\/\/www.al-monitor.com\/pulse\/originals\/2016\/06\/turkey-european-union-relations-slow-death.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">http:\/\/www.al-monitor.com\/pulse\/originals\/2016\/06\/turkey-european-union<\/a><br \/><a href=\"http:\/\/www.liberation.fr\/planete\/2016\/06\/26\/l-ue-en-desordre-de-bataille_1462249\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">http:\/\/www.liberation.fr\/planete\/2016\/06\/26\/l-ue-en-desordre-de-bataille<\/a><br \/><a href=\"http:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/politics\/2016\/jun\/26\/brexit-intolerance-ethnic-minorities-immigrants-uk\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">http:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/politics\/2016\/jun\/26\/brexit-intolerance-ethnic<\/a><br \/><a href=\"http:\/\/ec.europa.eu\/dgs\/home-affairs\/what-we-do\/policies\/european-agenda-migration\/background-information\/docs\/20160504\/turkey_progress_visa_liberalisation_roadmap_en.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">http:\/\/ec.europa.eu\/dgs\/home-affairs\/what-we-do\/policies\/european-agenda-migration<\/a><br \/><a href=\"https:\/\/cpi-geneva.org\/fr\/2014\/06\/16\/weekly-update-09-15062014\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">http:\/\/www.cordoue.ch\/the-cordoba-update\/item\/428<\/a><br \/><a href=\"http:\/\/foreignpolicy.com\/2016\/06\/27\/brexit-is-bad-news-for-africa-period\/?utm_source=Sailthru&amp;utm_medium=email&amp;utm_campaign=New%20Campaign&amp;utm_term=%2AEditors%20Picks\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">http:\/\/foreignpolicy.com\/2016\/06\/27\/brexit-is-bad-news-for-africa-period<\/a><br \/><a href=\"the-cordoba-update\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">http:\/\/www.cordoue.ch\/the-cordoba-update<\/a><br \/><a href=\"http:\/\/www.lefigaro.fr\/politique\/le-scan\/2016\/06\/25\/25001-20160625ARTFIG00177-apres-le-brexit-emmanuel-macron-propose-un-nouveau-projet-europeen.php\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">http:\/\/www.lefigaro.fr\/politique\/le-scan\/2016\/06\/25\/25001<\/a><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #902323;\"><strong>VIOLENT EXTREMISM AND THE WAR ON TERROR \/ EXTR&Eacute;MISME VIOLENT ET LA GUERRE CONTRE LA TERREUR<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p><strong>USA, 16-17.06.2016: CIA Interrogation Program and the War on Terror.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>The Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) released dozens of previously classified documents that expose disturbing new details of the agency&rsquo;s treatment of terrorism suspects after the Sept. 11, 2001 attacks, including one who died in Afghanistan in 2002 after being doused with water and chained to a concrete floor as temperatures plunged below freezing. The voices of former detainees tortured by the CIA at secret overseas prisons are revealed in newly declassified transcripts of hearings held at Guantanamo Bay, Cuba, after the men were transferred there in 2006. In the case of Zayn al-Abidin Muhammed Hussein, a Saudi-born Palestinian better known as Abu Zubaida (who was arrested in 2002 and is still held at the U.S. military prison at Guantanamo Bay, CIA), interrogators supposedly apologized to him after the agency realized it had overestimated his role in al-Qaeda. The CIA believed he was a senior figure in the terrorist organization when he was, in fact, a kind of fixer in Pakistan, who helped people travel to training camps in Afghanistan.<\/p>\n<p>Meanwhile, the head of the CIA offered a sobering view of the so-called \u00ab\u00a0Islamic State\u00a0\u00bb group&rsquo;s capabilities, saying that despite setbacks the jihadist group will likely intensify its global terrorist campaign in the months ahead. CIA director John Brennan, in testimony before the Senate Intelligence Committee, said the \u00ab\u00a0Islamic State\u00a0\u00bb (also known as ISIL and ISIS) remains a potent force in Iraq and Syria and remains capable of striking countries far from its base in the Middle East, nearly two years after the start of the U.S.-led military campaign aimed at defeating the group.<\/p>\n<p>Finally, more than 50 State Department diplomats have signed an internal memo sharply critical of the Obama administration&rsquo;s policy in Syria, urging the United States to carry out military strikes against the government of President Bashar al-Assad to stop its persistent violations of a cease-fire in the country&rsquo;s five-year-old civil war. The memo, a draft of which was provided to The New York Times by a State Department official, says American policy has been \u00ab\u00a0overwhelmed\u00a0\u00bb by the unrelenting violence in Syria. It calls for \u00ab\u00a0a judicious use of stand-off and air weapons, which would undergird and drive a more focused and hard-nosed U.S.-led diplomatic process.\u00a0\u00bb<\/p>\n<p><em>Links for more information:<\/em><br \/><a href=\"https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/world\/national-security\/newly-released-cia-files-expose-grim-details-of-agency-interrogation-program\/2016\/06\/14\/6d04a01e-326a-11e6-95c0-2a6873031302_story.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/world\/national-security\/newly-released-cia-files<\/a><br \/><a href=\"https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/checkpoint\/wp\/2016\/06\/16\/i-nearly-died-four-timesdetainees-describe-cia-torture-in-new-documents\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/checkpoint\/wp\/2016\/06\/16\/i-nearly-died<\/a><br \/><a href=\"https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/checkpoint\/wp\/2016\/06\/16\/cia-director-isis-remains-a-potent-threat-despite-2-year-military-campaign\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/checkpoint\/wp\/2016\/06\/16\/cia-director-isis<\/a><br \/><a href=\"http:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2016\/06\/17\/world\/middleeast\/syria-assad-obama-airstrikes-diplomats-memo.html?_r=0\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">http:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2016\/06\/17\/world\/middleeast\/syria-assad-obama<\/a><br \/><a href=\"http:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/interactive\/2016\/06\/17\/world\/middleeast\/document-state-dept-syria.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">http:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/interactive\/2016\/06\/17\/world\/middleeast\/document-state<\/a><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #902323;\"><strong>THE CORDOBA FOUNDATION OF GENEVA IN THE MEDIA<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p><strong>La Fondation Hirondelle, juin 2016 : Des &laquo; espaces de m&eacute;diation prot&eacute;g&eacute;s &raquo; pour la paix<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>&laquo; Le directeur de la Fondation Cordoue de Gen&egrave;ve, expose le travail de cette institution pour promouvoir l&rsquo;&eacute;change entre cultures et religions et pour encourager la recherche et le d&eacute;bat sur la paix dans le monde &raquo; dans Quoi de Neuf ? &#8211; la publication trimestrielle de la Fondation Hirondelle.<\/p>\n<p><em>Lien pour plus d&rsquo;informations :<\/em><br \/><a href=\"http:\/\/www.hirondelle.org\/images\/pdf\/QDN\/QDN-48-F.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">http:\/\/www.hirondelle.org\/images\/pdf\/QDN\/QDN-48-F.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #902323;\"><strong>GENERAL INFORMATION<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p><strong>The Cordoba Update will be taking a break over the coming weeks. We send our best wishes to all our readers for Eid al-Fitr, and we look forward to being with you again in August.<\/strong><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<p><em>The views and perspectives contained in the Weekly Update are from individual contributors and external sources, and do not necessarily reflect the opinions or position of the Cordoba Foundation of Geneva. The links are neither intended as an endorsement of particular publications nor the only source for the updates, but to connect to information in the public domain, for those interested in background or further details.<\/em><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>15th &#8211; 29th June 2016 Cordoba Foundation of Geneva<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":509,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[15],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-575","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-newsletter"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.3 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>The Cordoba Update 13\/2016 - Cordoba Peace Institute | Fran\u00e7ais<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/cpi-geneva.org\/fr\/the-cordoba-update-13-2016\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fr_FR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"The Cordoba Update 13\/2016 - 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