{"id":534,"date":"2016-01-12T08:31:52","date_gmt":"2016-01-12T08:31:52","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/cpi-geneva.org\/fr\/2016\/01\/12\/the-cordoba-update-1-2016\/"},"modified":"2023-05-30T11:38:43","modified_gmt":"2023-05-30T10:38:43","slug":"the-cordoba-update-1-2016","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/cpi-geneva.org\/fr\/the-cordoba-update-1-2016\/","title":{"rendered":"The Cordoba Update 1\/2016"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"images\/joomlart\/article\/45ff2190802f9793d44160c4e551925c.jpg\" alt=\"\"><!-- {lofimg src=\"\/images\/stories\/Cordoba-Update_logo.jpg\"} --><\/p>\n<div><strong>12<sup>th<\/sup> &#8211; 25<sup>th<\/sup> January 2016<br \/>\n<\/strong><\/div>\n<div>Cordoba Foundation of Geneva<em><br \/>\n<\/em><\/div>\n<p><!--more--><\/p>\n<style scoped=\"scoped\" type=\"text\/css\"><!--\ntd {\n\t\t\tbackground: #f5f4ef none repeat scroll 0 0;\n\t\t\tvertical-align: top;\n\t\t\tpadding: 6px 12px;\n\t\t}\n\t\tul {\n\t\t\tmargin: 0 0.5em 0 1em;\n\t\t\tpadding: 0;\n\t\t}\n\t\tli {\n\t\t\tmargin-bottom: 0;\n\t\t\tpadding-left: 9px;\n\t\t\ttext-align: left;\n\t\t}\n--><\/style>\n<div>\n<table border=\"0\" style=\"width: 100%;\" cellspacing=\"4\" cellpadding=\"4\" align=\"center\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td colspan=\"2\"><span style=\"font-size: 10px;\">In line with the programmes and projects funded by partners of the Cordoba Foundation of Geneva, updates and information are included under the following geographical regions and themes:<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span style=\"font-size: 10px;\"><strong>North Africa:<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 10px;\">Islamist-Secular relations;<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 10px;\">Transition and Political participation.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-size: 10px;\"><strong>Sahel region:<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 10px;\">Interfaith relations;<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 10px;\">Relations between communities of different ethnic and cultural affiliation.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span style=\"font-size: 10px;\"><strong>Middle East:<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 10px;\">Relations between Muslim communities with different religious references.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-size: 10px;\"><strong>Cross-regional:<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 10px;\">Violent extremism and the war on terror.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<p><span style=\"color: #902323;\"><strong>ISLAMIST-SECULAR RELATIONS \/<br \/>\nRELATIONS ENTRE S\u00c9CULIERS ET ISLAMISTES<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p><strong>Mauritanie, 09.01.16&nbsp;: Controverse autour d&rsquo;un r\u00e8glement r\u00e9gissant les \u00e9coles coraniques (Mahdhra)<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Une grande pol\u00e9mique a surgi en Mauritanie depuis d\u00e9but d\u00e9cembre, suite \u00e0 la d\u00e9cision du wali (gouverneur) de N\u00e9ma (Est du pays) d&rsquo;ordonner la fermeture de plusieurs \u00e9coles coraniques en application d&rsquo;une nouvelle r\u00e9glementation adopt\u00e9e par le gouvernement pour organiser le champ de l&rsquo;\u00e9ducation traditionnelle fond\u00e9e sur le syst\u00e8me des Mahdhara. Suite \u00e0 cette d\u00e9cision, toutes les forces traditionnelles ont fait bloc contre le gouvernement et appel\u00e9 \u00e0 l&rsquo;annulation imm\u00e9diate de la d\u00e9cision. Les trois premi\u00e8res \u00e9coles ferm\u00e9es dans la zone ont \u00e9t\u00e9 r\u00e9ouvertes sur ordre du premier ministre.<\/p>\n<p>Interpell\u00e9 par les d\u00e9put\u00e9s, le 4 janvier, lors de la pr\u00e9sentation de la d\u00e9claration de politique g\u00e9n\u00e9rale du gouvernement, le premier ministre a ni\u00e9 toute volont\u00e9 du gouvernement de restreindre le champ d&rsquo;action des \u00e9coles coraniques. Il a m\u00eame affirm\u00e9 que le gouvernement \u00e9tait en train d&rsquo;\u00e9tudier un projet de loi accordant l&rsquo;alignement syst\u00e9matique de l&rsquo;attestation de r\u00e9citation du coran au baccalaur\u00e9at avec toutes les pr\u00e9rogatives que conf\u00e8re ce dipl\u00f4me, y compris celle d&rsquo;acc\u00e9der directement \u00e0 l&rsquo;enseignement sup\u00e9rieur et \u00e0 des postes ouverts dans la fonction publique mauritanienne.<\/p>\n<p><em>Liens pour plus d&rsquo;informations&nbsp;:<\/em><br \/>\n<a href=\"http:\/\/www.cridem.org\/C_Info.php?article=679459\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">http:\/\/www.cridem.org\/C_Info.php?article=679459<\/a><br \/>\n<a href=\"http:\/\/www.cridem.org\/C_Info.php?article=679251\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">http:\/\/www.cridem.org\/C_Info.php?article=679251<\/a><br \/>\n<a href=\"http:\/\/fr.alakhbar.info\/10793-0-La-fin-des-Mahdaras-sera-la-fin-de-la-Mauritanie-Jemil-Mansour.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">http:\/\/fr.alakhbar.info\/10793-0-La-fin-des-Mahdaras-sera-la-fin-de-la-Mauritanie<\/a><\/p>\n<p><strong>Tunisia, 10 January 2016: The crisis of Nidaa Tounes resolved: the announcement of a new member of the opposition furthers the debate on the place of religion in politics.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Beyond public opinion surveys the issue of religion in the public sphere has impacted political participation tremendously, and has led to divisions and revisions within established political parties and movements in North Africa. Again, the Tunisian example demonstrates the shape and extent of the Islamist-secular debate ongoing in the region. The crisis within the ruling party, Nidaa Tounes led to Mohcen Merzouk&rsquo;s, secretary general of the party, resignation in December, along with at least 25 MPs, including several founding members of the party. On 10 January, Merzouk held a rally and declared the formation of a new party, set for 2 March. The new party&rsquo;s ideological reference will be grounded in Bourguiba&rsquo;s principles of modernism. Abd Essetar El Messaoudi, a leading figure in Merzouk&rsquo;s group, recently explained that the profound disagreement within Nidaa Tounes was on the issue of forming a coalition with Ennahdha in government. Merzouk held this rally on the same day Nidaa Tounes held its founding congress in Sousse, to prove that he is still able to gather support.<\/p>\n<p>With Merzouk&rsquo;s camp&rsquo;s resignation, from Nidaa Tounes, Hafedh Essebsi \u2013 son of the President Beji Caid Essebsi \u2013 has won the party leadership standoff (not without his father lobbying&rsquo;s, say some observers), following the president&rsquo;s intervention to establish a 13-member, ad hoc group to mediate between the two rival camps. Supporters of Essebsi&rsquo;s wing say that the Tunisian transition was safeguarded by consensus on the importance of cooperation between secularists and Islamists (as enshrined by the National Dialogue), and that Nidaa Tounes is bound to honour its commitment for the national interest.<\/p>\n<p>The Nidaa Tounes founding congress was held on 9-10 January in Sousse, presided over by President Essebsi, a move that has been criticised in Tunisia, because in doing so he lent support to the political group \u2013 rather than remaining representative of all Tunisian citizens. Several figures resigned on the day of the congress, because Hafedh Essebsi imposed without internal discussion or consensus, a 14-member executive committee, and party rules of procedure. The surprise of the congress was the speech of Rached Ghannouchi, in which he hailed the spirit of consensus, guaranteed by President Essebsi. This was used by Merzouk&rsquo;s camp to highlight, what they call the &lsquo;betrayal&rsquo; of Tunisian constituents.<\/p>\n<p>Although the party&rsquo;s crisis is now over, the foundation of a new secularist party of 19 MPs in parliament is the third political force in the Assembly. It is not yet clear who holds a parliamentary majority, as some Nidaa Tounes MPs resigned from the party but remained within the bloc. This new configuration might lead to further polarisation, should Merzouk&rsquo;s new party form a parliamentary coalition with the leftist Hama Hamami&rsquo;s Popular Front block of 15 MPs. The Popular Front refused a coalition with Nidaa Tounes a year ago, because of Ennahdha&rsquo;s presence in Habib Sid&rsquo;s government.<\/p>\n<p>Another recent development, which might add to Islamist-secularist tensions in Tunisia, is the return of former president Moncef Merzouki, with a new political party called Tounes al Iraada (Tunisian Willingness). At the founding congress on 20 December, Merzouki said that his party would join the opposition to Nidaa Tounes and Ennahdha, who, as he put it, a year on have failed miserably to deliver. The announcement came shortly after PM Habib Sid announced a cabinet reshuffle that displaced 11 ministers, including those of interior, justice, foreign affairs, and religious affairs.<\/p>\n<p><em>Links for more information:<\/em><br \/>\n<a href=\"http:\/\/www.huffpostmaghreb.com\/2016\/01\/10\/nida-tounes-tunisie-ghannouchi_n_8948434.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">http:\/\/www.huffpostmaghreb.com\/2016\/01\/10\/nida-tounes-tunisie-ghannouchi<\/a><br \/>\n<a href=\"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1080\/13629395.2015.1081449\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1080\/13629395.2015.1081449<\/a><br \/>\n<a href=\"http:\/\/www.middleeasteye.net\/news\/ennahda-becomes-largest-party-tunisian-parliament-after-nidaa-tounes-resignations-1122757221\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">http:\/\/www.middleeasteye.net\/news\/ennahda-becomes-largest-party-tunisian-parliament<\/a><br \/>\n<a href=\"http:\/\/www.huffpostmaghreb.com\/2016\/01\/06\/remaniement-tunisie_n_8923298.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">http:\/\/www.huffpostmaghreb.com\/2016\/01\/06\/remaniement-tunisie<\/a><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #902323;\"><strong>TRANSITION AND POLITICAL PARTICIPATION \/<br \/>\nTRANSITION ET PARTICIPATION POLITIQUE<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p><strong>Egypt, 11.01.2016: Egypt&rsquo;s First parliament after the 2013 coup<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Egypt&rsquo;s first legislature in more than three years, a 596-seat chamber packed with supporters of President Abdel-Fattah el-Sisi, held its inaugural session on Sunday, January 10 signaling the completion of a political road map announced after the 2013 military overthrow of an elected president. Ali Abdelaal, a French-educated law professor who helped draft the constitution and election law, is a member of the \u00ab\u00a0Support Egypt\u00a0\u00bb coalition, an alliance of over 400 MPs loyal to Sisi. Abdelaal said upon assuming office, \u00ab\u00a0I express my sincere thanks and appreciation toward the leader of the way, President Abdel Fattah al-Sisi.. I will always be a defender of democracy and the principles of the Jan. 25 and June. 30 revolutions. I will also be a protector of the people&rsquo;s army and defender of its unity.\u00a0\u00bb One of Sisi supporters, Murtada Mansour, at first refused to read the official text of the MPs&rsquo; oath, before relenting and \u00ab\u00a0hurriedly and casually\u00a0\u00bb reciting it. He was angry at parts of the text endorsing the 2011 revolution that ousted the former President Hosni Mubarak.<\/p>\n<p><em>Links for more information:<\/em><br \/>\n<a href=\"http:\/\/america.aljazeera.com\/articles\/2016\/1\/10\/egypt-holds-first-parliament-in-3-years.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">http:\/\/america.aljazeera.com\/articles\/2016\/1\/10\/egypt-holds-first-parliament-in-3-years<\/a><br \/>\n<a href=\"http:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-egypt-politics-idUSKCN0UO06620160110\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">http:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-egypt-politics<\/a><br \/>\n<a href=\"http:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-middle-east-35275970\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">http:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-middle-east<\/a><\/p>\n<p><strong>Egypt, 10.01.2016: Final Ruling against Mubarak&nbsp;family<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Former president Hosni Mubarak&rsquo;s appeal against a conviction for embezzling public funds was rejected on Saturday Jan 9, making him the first Egyptian president to be convicted of corruption as the ruling now is final and cannot be further challenged. Al-Ahram newspaper reported that this ruling will deprive Mubarak of special privileges such as a special security crew allocated to ex-presidents, as well as some honours which come with an annual income. The appeal was filed in the&nbsp;presidential palaces case, in which Mubarak and his two sons Gamal and Alaa are accused of squandering LE125 million in state funds to renovate their residential properties. According to Transparency International&rsquo;s list, Mubarak is one of the world&rsquo;s most corrupt political leaders. The organization&nbsp;quoted&nbsp;a UK-based expert who evaluated the wealth of the Mubarak&nbsp;family as ranging between US$1 billion and $2 billion. Mubarak, his sons, and six of his security aides were also cleared from charges of killing protesters in 2011 by a court order in 2014 that cited procedural errors.<\/p>\n<p><em>Links for more information:<\/em><br \/>\n<a href=\"http:\/\/english.ahram.org.eg\/NewsContent\/1\/64\/180488\/Egypt\/Politics-\/Mubarak,-sons-lose-final-appeal-against-presidenti.aspx\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">http:\/\/english.ahram.org.eg\/NewsContent\/1\/64\/180488\/Egypt\/Politics-\/Mubarak<\/a><br \/>\n<a href=\"http:\/\/www.madamasr.com\/news\/mubarak-family-appeal-rejected-sentences-upheld-presidential-palaces-case\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">http:\/\/www.madamasr.com\/news\/mubarak-family-appeal-rejected<\/a><br \/>\n<a href=\"http:\/\/www.cnn.com\/2016\/01\/09\/middleeast\/egypt-mubarak-corruption-appeal\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">http:\/\/www.cnn.com\/2016\/01\/09\/middleeast\/egypt-mubarak-corruption-appeal<\/a><\/p>\n<p><strong>Egypt, 23.12.2015: Egypt&rsquo;s Interior Ministry organizes human rights competition<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>According to a&nbsp;statement on its Facebook page, (22 Dec. 2015) Egypt&rsquo;s Interior Ministry asked police officers to find a balance between maintaining security and respecting human rights in a competition it organized. Police officers in the different ministry sectors and different ranks were required to submit research papers on how to achieve this balance. The ministry has especially come under fire lately for the growing number of forced disappearances cases and arbitrary detentions, torture at police stations and poor conditions in places of detention.<\/p>\n<p><em>Links for more information:<\/em><br \/>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/MoiEgy\/photos\/a.181676241876047.36036.181662475210757\/1001212443255752\/?type=3&amp;theater\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/MoiEgy\/photos\/<\/a><br \/>\n<a href=\"http:\/\/www.securityassistance.org\/content\/interior-ministry-organizes-human-rights-competition\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">http:\/\/www.securityassistance.org\/content\/interior-ministry-organizes-human-rights-competition<\/a><br \/>\n<a href=\"http:\/\/www.marsad.eg\/en\/interior-ministry-organizes-human-rights-competition\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">http:\/\/www.marsad.eg\/en\/interior-ministry-organizes-human-rights-competition\/<\/a><\/p>\n<p><strong>Tunisia, 11 January 2016: Ennahdha<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Ennahdha Movement is not immune to the Islamist-secular debate, having delayed holding its 10th congress until spring 2016. There are intense debates within Ennahdha, in light of its short-lived time in power. This year&rsquo;s conference is coming to be considered as its second founding congress, and will review strategic issues such as the possibility of splitting Ennahdha between two bodies: one focusing on political participation and engagement, while the other becomes a charity or foundation to focus on social, educational, and &lsquo;works of goodness&rsquo;. There is even deep discussion of revamping the vision and ideological reference of the Ennahdha; with some figures pushing for abandoning reference to Islam in the party&rsquo;s manifesto, and rebranding the party as a civic and democratic one for all Tunisians.<\/p>\n<p>In December, Dr. Abdelatif Mekki, a leading figure in the party, explained that some even suggested changing the name Ennahdha, because some secular experts like Dr. Alia Alania believe it is now associated with the 2013-14 political assassinations and emergence of violent Salafi groups in Tunisia. Other experts on Islamic thought, like Dr. Sami Brahem, explain that Ennahdha has been undergoing a profound internal debate on the party future, in light of its performance in power and the subsequent National Dialogue negotiations. Besides, the latest polemics around the dismissal of Imams and closure of hundreds of mosques, the law on the regulation of sale of alcohol, and the LGBT debate, are all issues that made Ennahdha appear reticent in the eyes of its base; as if it did not rise to the challenge of secularists. 41 meetings have been held at the level of local structures of Ennahdha, in preparation for the nomination of delegates for the national congress. Echoes from the local bureaus meetings show that the youth base of Ennahdha is very critical of the concessions that the leadership has made to Nidaa Tounes, and advise a more assertive stand from Ennahdha; in the face of an opposition in disarray. Given that this is the party&rsquo;s 10th congress, it is expected that there will be a significant elite circulation within Ennahdha&rsquo;s leadership structures, where a significant number of young leaders will be entrusted with high-ranking positions. It is however unclear whether Ghannouchi would stand for the presidency again. In the last congress, he won by a margin of just 70 votes, in a congress that counted 1,200 delegates. Regardless, he enjoys strong support beyond the party, as Nidaa Tounes&rsquo; founding congress demonstrated. These practical and strategic issues (including the role and place of Rashed Ghannouchi) indicate that the 10th congress of Ennahdha will be a watershed in Tunisian politics.<\/p>\n<p><em>Liens pour plus d&rsquo;informations&nbsp;:<\/em><br \/>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/youtu.be\/WVBU43_5ft8?list=PLGRe3x42nK_qxUG5MXWKLOnoRuoDfcXJB\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/youtu.be\/WVBU43_5ft8?list=PLGRe3x42nK_qxUG5MXWKLOnoRuoDfcXJB<\/a><br \/>\n<a href=\"http:\/\/www.lapresse.tn\/12012016\/108913\/la-nouvelle-vague-monte-au-creneau.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">http:\/\/www.lapresse.tn\/12012016\/108913\/la-nouvelle-vague-monte-au-creneau<\/a><br \/>\n<a href=\"http:\/\/www.lapresse.tn\/12012016\/108904\/le-parti-%C2%A0pris%C2%A0.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">http:\/\/www.lapresse.tn\/12012016\/108904\/le-parti<\/a><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #902323;\"><strong>RELATIONS BETWEEN COMMUNITIES OF DIFFERENT ETHNIC, CULTURAL AND RELIGIOUS AFFILIATIONS \/<br \/>\nRELATIONS ENTRE COMMUNAUT\u00c9S DE DIFF\u00c9RENTES AFFILIATIONS ETHNIQUES, CULTURELLES ET RELIGIEUSES<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p><strong>Europe, 11 janvier 2015&nbsp;: La Willkommenskultur allemande fragilis\u00e9e<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>La r\u00e9v\u00e9lation des violences -viols, agressions sexuelles et vols- qui se sont d\u00e9roul\u00e9es dans plusieurs villes allemandes dont Cologne et Hambourg et \u00e0 Zurich le soir de la Saint Sylvestre, a provoqu\u00e9 une onde de choc en Allemagne et dans toute Europe. Alors que les faits n&rsquo;ont \u00e9t\u00e9 r\u00e9v\u00e9l\u00e9s dans la presse allemande que quatre jours apr\u00e8s leur d\u00e9roulement, les interrogations sont nombreuses vis-\u00e0-vis de la responsabilit\u00e9 de la police, des m\u00e9dias et des politiques. A ce jour, le nombre de plaintes d\u00e9passe les 500 pour la seule ville de Cologne et selon certaines sources polici\u00e8res locales \u00ab&nbsp;ces actes auraient \u00e9t\u00e9 commis majoritairement par des demandeurs d&rsquo;asile&nbsp;\u00bb.<\/p>\n<p>L&rsquo;\u00e9chec de la police \u00e0 faire face aux \u00e9v\u00e8nements cette nuit-l\u00e0 est un sujet r\u00e9current dans la presse allemande. Le chef de la police de Cologne, Wolfgang Albers, a \u00e9t\u00e9 suspendu de ses fonctions pour dissimulation d&rsquo;informations. La crainte de r\u00e9cup\u00e9ration politique et de stigmatisation des musulmans est quant \u00e0 elle vive. Le mouvement des patriotes europ\u00e9ens contre l&rsquo;islamisation de l&rsquo;Occident (Pegida) a manifest\u00e9 samedi 9 janvier \u00e0 Cologne et des agressions racistes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 recens\u00e9es dans la nuit de dimanche \u00e0 lundi, men\u00e9es par des dizaines d&rsquo;individus proches des milieux d&rsquo;extr\u00eame droite. Le comit\u00e9 central des musulmans d&rsquo;Allemagne d\u00e9non\u00e7ait suite \u00e0 cela un \u00ab&nbsp;climat de haine&nbsp;\u00bb.<\/p>\n<p>Les m\u00e9dias sont aussi montr\u00e9s du doigt pour leur silence, mais selon Lutz Fr\u00fchbrodt, professeur de journalisme \u00e0 l&rsquo;Universit\u00e9 W\u00fcrzburg-Schweinfurt, \u00ab&nbsp;most of these media have had a bias toward social responsibility &#8230; preventing racism and promoting the German &lsquo;welcome culture&rsquo;&nbsp;\u00bb. L&rsquo;hebdomadaire britannique The Spectator, parle quant \u00e0 lui d&rsquo;une \u00ab\u00a0crise d&rsquo;identit\u00e9 nationale\u00a0\u00bb que traverserait l&rsquo;Allemagne, apr\u00e8s les r\u00e9v\u00e9lations sur la nuit du Nouvel An, le scandale Volkswagen et celui concernant la F\u00e9d\u00e9ration allemande de football.<\/p>\n<p>Au niveau gouvernemental, la prudence est de mise. Pour le ministre allemand de la justice, ces \u00e9v\u00e8nements \u00e9taient certainement \u00ab&nbsp;planifi\u00e9s&nbsp;\u00bb et il serait hasardeux selon lui de faire un lien entre l&rsquo;origine d&rsquo;une personne et sa propension \u00e0 enfreindre la loi, car les statistiques montrent que les r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s \u00ab commettent en proportion autant de d\u00e9lits que les Allemands \u00bb. Angela Merkel a durci sa position en annon\u00e7ant le renforcement de l&rsquo;expulsion des \u00e9trangers auteurs de d\u00e9lits. Pour la maire de Cologne enfin, l&rsquo;Allemagne doit faire face \u00e0 un \u00ab&nbsp;dilemme&nbsp;\u00bb car la volont\u00e9 d&rsquo;accueillir les r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s est toujours pr\u00e9sente mais la probl\u00e9matique et les conditions de leur accueil vont devoir \u00eatre pris en compte s\u00e9rieusement selon elle.<\/p>\n<p><em>Liens pour plus d&rsquo;informations&nbsp;:<\/em><br \/>\n<a href=\"http:\/\/www.liberation.fr\/planete\/2016\/01\/08\/harcelements-de-masse-a-cologne-18-des-31-suspects-sont-des-demandeurs-d-asile_1425109\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">http:\/\/www.liberation.fr\/planete\/2016\/01\/08\/harcelements-de-masse-a-cologne<\/a><br \/>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.bluewin.ch\/content\/bluewin\/fr\/infos\/international\/2016\/1\/7\/allemagne--le-rapport-interne-de-la-police-fait-froid-dans-le-do.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/www.bluewin.ch\/content\/bluewin\/fr\/infos\/international\/2016\/1\/7\/<\/a><br \/>\n<a href=\"http:\/\/www.lemonde.fr\/europe\/article\/2016\/01\/10\/les-violences-de-cologne-ont-ete-probablement-planifiees-selon-le-ministre-de-la-justice-allemand_4844650_3214.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">http:\/\/www.lemonde.fr\/europe\/article\/2016\/01\/10\/les-violences-de-cologne-ont-ete-probablement-planifiees<\/a><br \/>\n<a href=\"http:\/\/www.csmonitor.com\/World\/Europe\/2016\/0108\/In-wake-of-Cologne-attacks-Germans-ask-Are-we-handling-immigration-honestly\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">http:\/\/www.csmonitor.com\/World\/Europe\/2016\/0108\/In-wake-of-Cologne-attacks-Germans-ask<\/a><br \/>\n<a href=\"http:\/\/www.lorientlejour.com\/article\/964096\/le-nombre-de-plaintes-explose-merkel-inflechit-sa-politique-a-legard-des-refugies.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">http:\/\/www.lorientlejour.com\/article\/964096\/le-nombre-de-plaintes-explose-merkel-inflechit-sa-politique<\/a><br \/>\n<a href=\"http:\/\/www.libe.ma\/COLOGNE-Agressions-de-femmes-le-soir-du-Nouvel-An-18-demandeurs-d-asile-parmi-31-suspects_a70430.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">http:\/\/www.libe.ma\/COLOGNE-Agressions-de-femmes-le-soir-du-Nouvel-An-18-demandeurs-d-asile-parmi-31-suspects<\/a><br \/>\n<a href=\"http:\/\/www.letemps.ch\/monde\/2016\/01\/11\/cologne-agressions-racistes-apres-agressions-sexuelles\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">http:\/\/www.letemps.ch\/monde\/2016\/01\/11\/cologne-agressions-racistes-apres-agressions-sexuelles<\/a><\/p>\n<p><strong>Mali, 11.01.15: Un parti politique demande d&rsquo;impliquer les combattants de groupes arm\u00e9s \u00e0 r\u00e9f\u00e9rence religieuse dans le dialogue pour la paix et la participation politique<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Face \u00e0 l&rsquo;enlisement de la situation au Mali et le pi\u00e9tinement du processus de paix d&rsquo;Alger, plusieurs voix commencent \u00e0 se lever pour exiger l&rsquo;implication directe des combattants de groupes arm\u00e9s \u00e0 r\u00e9f\u00e9rence religieuse, notamment Ansar Dine, dans un processus de dialogue devant aboutir \u00e0 la reconversion politique de ces groupes, une fois qu&rsquo;ils auront rompu avec la violence.<\/p>\n<p>En m\u00eame temps, certains groupes azawadis (nord du Mali), signataires de l&rsquo;Accord d&rsquo;Alger de juin 2015, montrent des signes d&rsquo;impatience et menacent de se retirer du processus si aucune \u00e9volution n&rsquo;est enregistr\u00e9e dans les prochaines semaines.<\/p>\n<p><em>Liens pour plus d&rsquo;informations&nbsp;:<\/em><br \/>\n<a href=\"http:\/\/www.maliweb.net\/politique\/situation-securitaire-stabilisation-du-mali-le-parena-appelle-a-engager-le-dialogue-avec-les-djihadistes-1337512.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">http:\/\/www.maliweb.net\/politique\/situation-securitaire-stabilisation-du-mali<\/a><br \/>\n<a href=\"http:\/\/www.maliweb.net\/la-situation-politique-et-securitaire-au-nord\/mohamed-attayab-sidibe-de-la-cmfrp-nos-hommes-ne-seront-pas-cantonnes-dans-un-processus-qui-nest-pas-inclusif-1338412.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">http:\/\/www.maliweb.net\/la-situation-politique-et-securitaire-au-nord\/mohamed-attayab-sidibe<\/a><\/p>\n<p><strong>Moyen-Orient, 11.01.2015&nbsp;: Ex\u00e9cution du clerc saoudien Nimr al-Nimr et ses r\u00e9percussions<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Les nouvelles du d\u00e9but de l&rsquo;ann\u00e9e au Moyen-Orient sont domin\u00e9es par l&rsquo;ex\u00e9cution le 2 janvier du cheikh Nimr al-Nimr, clerc chiite de la province est d&rsquo;Arabie saoudite, en m\u00eame temps que 46 autres condamn\u00e9s pour terrorisme. Il s&rsquo;agit de la plus grande ex\u00e9cution en masse depuis 1980 o\u00f9 63 personnes avaient \u00e9t\u00e9 ex\u00e9cut\u00e9es pour s&rsquo;\u00eatre empar\u00e9es et avoir occup\u00e9 la Grande Mosqu\u00e9e de la Mecque en 1979.<\/p>\n<p>Les organisations des droits de l&rsquo;homme condamnant cette ex\u00e9cution soulignent les failles dans le jugement du clerc et ce qu&rsquo;ils consid\u00e8rent comme l&rsquo;instrumentalisation de la lutte anti-terroriste afin d&rsquo;\u00e9liminer un opposant politique, qui par ailleurs aurait pr\u00f4n\u00e9 la non-violence et condamner toute dictature durant sa vie, le r\u00e9gime syrien inclus.<\/p>\n<p>Dans la r\u00e9gion, l&rsquo;interpr\u00e9tation politique et l\u00e9gale de l&rsquo;ex\u00e9cution d&rsquo;un opposant politique a \u00e9t\u00e9 surpass\u00e9e par l&rsquo;interpr\u00e9tation sectaire de l&rsquo;ex\u00e9cution d&rsquo;un clerc chiite par un r\u00e9gime sunnite. Cette interpr\u00e9tation a \u00e9t\u00e9 renforc\u00e9e par l&rsquo;attaque le jour m\u00eame de l&rsquo;ambassade d&rsquo;Arabie saoudite \u00e0 T\u00e9h\u00e9ran et de son consulat \u00e0 Machhad en repr\u00e9sailles \u00e0 l&rsquo;ex\u00e9cution. Ces \u00e9v\u00e9nements ont ainsi attis\u00e9 dramatiquement l&rsquo;antagonisme sunnite-chiite divisant la r\u00e9gion.<\/p>\n<p>L&rsquo;Arabie saoudite a depuis rompu toute relation diplomatique avec l&rsquo;Iran et a annul\u00e9 tous les vols reliant les deux pays. L&rsquo;Iran, \u00e0 son tour, a interdit l&rsquo;importation de toute marchandise saoudienne et a suspendu les p\u00e8lerinages hors du mois de p\u00e8lerinage (les oumras). Elle a ensuite accus\u00e9 l&rsquo;Arabie saoudite d&rsquo;avoir bombard\u00e9 son ambassade \u00e0 Sanaa, ce qui semblerait n&rsquo;avoir pas pu \u00eatre attest\u00e9, et l&rsquo;Arabie saoudite a ainsi accus\u00e9 l&rsquo;Iran de propagande.<\/p>\n<p>Le jeu politique des alliances s&rsquo;\u00e9tant enclench\u00e9, Djibouti, le Soudan et la Somalie ont coup\u00e9 leurs relations diplomatiques avec l&rsquo;Iran. Au sein du CCG, alors que le soutien \u00e0 l&rsquo;Arabie saoudite a \u00e9t\u00e9 g\u00e9n\u00e9ral de m\u00eame que la condamnation des attaques de l&rsquo;ambassade et du consulat saoudiens et de l&rsquo;interf\u00e9rence de l&rsquo;Iran dans les affaires saoudiennes, les mesures concr\u00e8tes entreprises d\u00e9pendent des relations de chaque membre avec les deux parties au conflit. Alors que le Bahre\u00efn a march\u00e9 sur les pas de son puissant voisin en coupant toute relation, le Qatar et le Kowe\u00eft ont rappel\u00e9 leurs ambassadeurs. Les Emirats arabes unis, fortement li\u00e9s \u00e0 l&rsquo;Iran du point de vue \u00e9conomique, ont r\u00e9duit leurs relations, tandis qu&rsquo;Oman, qui a les relations les plus \u00e9troites avec l&rsquo;Iran, s&rsquo;en est tenu aux condamnations. La Jordanie ainsi que la Turquie, apportant leur soutien \u00e0 l&rsquo;Arabie saoudite, ont condamn\u00e9 fortement les attaques contre l&rsquo;ambassade \u00e0 T\u00e9h\u00e9ran.<\/p>\n<p>Au niveau international, la Russie, les Etats-Unis, la France et l&rsquo;Allemagne ont appel\u00e9 \u00e0 l&rsquo;apaisement, alors que les Nations unies envoyaient leur m\u00e9diateur en Syrie, M. Staffan de Mistura \u00e0 Riyad et \u00e0 T\u00e9h\u00e9ran pour relancer le dialogue. En effet, cette mont\u00e9e des tensions menace directement les deux processus de paix men\u00e9s dans la r\u00e9gion, alors que des rencontres aussi bien pour la Syrie que pour le Y\u00e9men, \u00e9taient annonc\u00e9es pour janvier. Depuis, les pourparlers y\u00e9m\u00e9nites fix\u00e9s au 14 janvier ont \u00e9t\u00e9 repouss\u00e9s \u00e0 plus tard dans le mois.<\/p>\n<p>Suite \u00e0 ces \u00e9v\u00e9nements, plusieurs analyses ont \u00e9t\u00e9 produites pour expliquer le geste de l&rsquo;Arabie saoudite. L&rsquo;une d&rsquo;entre elles voit dans cette ex\u00e9cution en masse un message clair \u00e0 \u00ab&nbsp;l&rsquo;ennemi int\u00e9rieur&nbsp;\u00bb du pays que repr\u00e9senterait la proportion croissante de ses citoyens tent\u00e9s de rejoindre des groupes comme le soi-disant \u00ab&nbsp;Etat islamique&nbsp;\u00bb (EI) ou al-Qaida (AQ). Cet ennemi serait directement bien plus dangereux pour le r\u00e9gime que la menace iranienne. Dans cette logique, l&rsquo;ex\u00e9cution d&rsquo;al-Nimr est comprise comme une \u00ab&nbsp;compensation&nbsp;\u00bb, alors que 43 condamn\u00e9s pour des liens avec AQ \u00e9taient \u00e9galement tu\u00e9s, notamment Far\u00e8s al-Suhail al-Zahrani, th\u00e9oricien de la branche d&rsquo;AQ arr\u00eat\u00e9 en 2004 lors d&rsquo;une vague d&rsquo;attentats visant le r\u00e9gime. Selon St\u00e9phane Lacroix, sp\u00e9cialiste de l&rsquo;Arabie saoudite, le r\u00e9gime saoudien a agi ainsi \u00ab&nbsp;pour \u00e9viter d&rsquo;\u00eatre pris en d\u00e9faut d&rsquo;anti-chiisme par l&rsquo;EI et d&rsquo;\u00eatre critiqu\u00e9 par les milieux les plus conservateurs du royaume&nbsp;\u00bb. L&rsquo;ex\u00e9cution du clerc chiite \u00ab&nbsp;couperait l&rsquo;herbe sous les pieds des djihadistes&nbsp;\u00bb qui se posent comme les champions de la lutte contre les chiites, selon Fatiha Dazzi Heni, sp\u00e9cialiste des monarchies arabes.<\/p>\n<p>Une autre ligne d&rsquo;analyse consid\u00e8re que cette ex\u00e9cution a en tout cas servi \u00e0 d\u00e9tourner l&rsquo;attention des faiblesses du r\u00e9gime, notamment le malaise \u00e9conomique d\u00fb \u00e0 la chute des prix du p\u00e9trole et le chaos politique et la crise humanitaire dramatique que la campagne militaire men\u00e9e par l&rsquo;Arabie saoudite a provoqu\u00e9s au Y\u00e9men.<\/p>\n<p>Bien qu&rsquo;excluant la possibilit\u00e9 d&rsquo;une guerre directe entre l&rsquo;Arabie saoudite et l&rsquo;Iran, la plupart des experts de la r\u00e9gion mettent en garde contre la versatilit\u00e9 de la situation. Selon Kenneth M. Pollack du Brookings Institute, il est tr\u00e8s difficile de pr\u00e9dire l&rsquo;\u00e9volution de la situation au Moyen-Orient actuellement. L&rsquo;ex\u00e9cution du clerc Nimr al-Nimr serait un signe que des changements majeurs pourraient se produire \u00e0 tout moment dans la r\u00e9gion. L&rsquo;aggravation du sectarianisme sunnite-chiite, la chute des prix du p\u00e9trole qui fragilisent les fondations \u00e9conomiques de pays importants de la r\u00e9gion dans un contexte o\u00f9 la frustration de leur population augmente autour de questions comme le d\u00e9ficit dans l&rsquo;\u00e9ducation, la corruption et la mauvaise gouvernance, en plus du sentiment d&rsquo;\u00eatre abandonn\u00e9s par les Am\u00e9ricains, sont tous des facteurs de forte instabilit\u00e9.<\/p>\n<p>Finalement, en ce qui concerne les tensions sectaires d\u00e9chirants la r\u00e9gion, de nombreux analystes pointent sur une strat\u00e9gie de lutte pour le pouvoir et la survie des r\u00e9gimes en place. Pour Marc Lynch, l&rsquo;id\u00e9e d&rsquo;un conflit sans fin entre sunnites et chiites remontant \u00e0 1400 ans n&rsquo;est en aucun cas valable pour expliquer le sectarianisme actuel. Plut\u00f4t, l&rsquo;occupation de l&rsquo;Irak, les mouvements appelant aux r\u00e9formes en 2011, la guerre en Syrie et l&rsquo;accord sur le nucl\u00e9aire avec l&rsquo;Iran sont autant d&rsquo;\u00e9v\u00e9nements qui ont incit\u00e9 les r\u00e9gimes \u00e0 jouer de cette carte. En effet, la mobilisation des tensions sectaires sert aussi bien sur le plan de la lutte politique pour le pouvoir et pour l&rsquo;influence dans la r\u00e9gion que pour maintenir le contr\u00f4le \u00e0 l&rsquo;int\u00e9rieur du pays.<\/p>\n<p><em>Liens pour plus d&rsquo;informations&nbsp;:<\/em><br \/>\n<a href=\"http:\/\/foreignpolicy.com\/2016\/01\/08\/the-worlds-most-misunderstood-martyr\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">http:\/\/foreignpolicy.com\/2016\/01\/08\/the-worlds-most-misunderstood-martyr\/<\/a><br \/>\n<a href=\"http:\/\/www.middleeasteye.net\/news\/untold-story-prisoners-arrested-children-and-mentally-unwell-inmates-executed-saudi-8396661\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">http:\/\/www.middleeasteye.net\/news\/untold-story-prisoners-arrested-children-and-mentally-unwell-inmates-executed-saudi<\/a><br \/>\n<a href=\"http:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2016\/01\/nations-saudi-arabia-row-iran-160106125405507.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">http:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2016\/01\/nations-saudi-arabia-row-iran<\/a><br \/>\n<a href=\"http:\/\/www.letemps.ch\/monde\/2016\/01\/04\/riyad-lutte-contre-ennemis-interieurs-0\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">http:\/\/www.letemps.ch\/monde\/2016\/01\/04\/riyad-lutte-contre-ennemis-interieurs<\/a><br \/>\n<a href=\"http:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2016\/01\/explainer-world-reaction-iran-saudi-hostilities-160105125702337.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">http:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2016\/01\/explainer-world-reaction-iran-saudi-hostilities<\/a><br \/>\n<a href=\"http:\/\/www.al-monitor.com\/pulse\/originals\/2016\/01\/turkey-saudi-arabia-iran-crisis-complicates-ankaras-plans.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">http:\/\/www.al-monitor.com\/pulse\/originals\/2016\/01\/turkey-saudi-arabia-iran-crisis-complicates-ankaras-plans<\/a><br \/>\n<a href=\"http:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/291350\/politique\/ali-vaez-liran-et-larabie-saoudite-sont-voues-a-rester-rivaux-mais-ils-nont-pas-besoin-detre-ennemis\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">http:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/291350\/politique\/ali-vaez-liran-et-larabie-saoudite-sont-voues-a-rester-rivaux-mais<\/a><br \/>\n<a href=\"http:\/\/www.brookings.edu\/blogs\/markaz\/posts\/2016\/01\/05-fallout-of-saudi-iran-split-pollack\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">http:\/\/www.brookings.edu\/blogs\/markaz\/posts\/2016\/01\/05-fallout-of-saudi-iran-split-pollack<\/a><br \/>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/fr\/latest\/news\/2016\/01\/shia-cleric-among-47-executed-by-saudi-arabia-in-a-single-day\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/fr\/latest\/news\/2016\/01\/shia-cleric-among-47-executed-by-saudi-arabia-in-a-single-day\/<\/a><br \/>\n<a href=\"http:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2016\/jan\/07\/iran-accuses-saudi-warplanes-of-attacking-iranian-embassy-in-yemen\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">http:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2016\/jan\/07\/iran-accuses-saudi-warplanes-of-attacking-iranian-embassy-in-yemen<\/a><br \/>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/monkey-cage\/wp\/2016\/01\/04\/why-saudi-arabia-escalated-the-middle-easts-sectarian-conflict\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/monkey-cage\/wp\/2016\/01\/04\/why-saudi-arabia-escalated<\/a><br \/>\n<a href=\"http:\/\/www.noonpost.net\/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%82%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B3%D8%B9%D9%88%D8%AF%D9%8A%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A5%D9%8A%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%A9\/%D9%84%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B0%D8%A7-%D8%AA%D8%A4%D8%AC%D8%AC-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B3%D8%B9%D9%88%D8%AF%D9%8A%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B5%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B7%D8%A7%D8%A6%D9%81%D9%8A-%D9%81%D9%8A-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B4%D8%B1%D9%82-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D9%88%D8%B3%D8%B7%D8%9F\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">http:\/\/www.noonpost.net\/<\/a><br \/>\n<a href=\"http:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2016\/jan\/10\/iran-saudi-arabia-middle-east-war-nimr-al-nimr-execution\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">http:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2016\/jan\/10\/iran-saudi-arabia-middle-east-war-nimr<\/a><\/p>\n<p><strong>Bahre\u00efn&nbsp;:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Mercredi 6 janvier, les autorit\u00e9s ont annonc\u00e9 l&rsquo;arrestation de membres d&rsquo;une cellule terroriste li\u00e9e au Hezbollah libanais et aux Gardiens de la r\u00e9volution iranienne. Cette annonce, alors que des jeunes manifestaient dans les rues, a \u00e9veill\u00e9 le scepticisme des analystes, certains observant que ce ne serait pas la premi\u00e8re fois que le Bahre\u00efn utilise le pr\u00e9texte de la lutte anti-terroriste pour r\u00e9primer les manifestants et les opposants politiques. D&rsquo;autres voient cette annonce comme un soutien \u00e0 l&rsquo;Arabie saoudite. En effet, les partisans des deux monarchies ont tr\u00e8s rapidement d\u00e9vers\u00e9 l&rsquo;information sur les r\u00e9seaux sociaux pour illustrer ce qu&rsquo;ils consid\u00e8rent comme l&rsquo;ing\u00e9rence de l&rsquo;Iran dans le monde arabe.<\/p>\n<p><em>Liens pour plus d&rsquo;informations&nbsp;:<\/em><br \/>\n<a href=\"http:\/\/www.middleeasteye.net\/news\/bahrain-arrests-terror-cell-alleged-links-hezbollah-and-revolutionary-guard-2132070689\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">http:\/\/www.middleeasteye.net\/news\/bahrain-arrests-terror-cell-alleged-links-hezbollah-and-revolutionary-guard<\/a><br \/>\n<a href=\"http:\/\/www.ft.com\/cms\/s\/0\/11a7de0e-b48c-11e5-b147-e5e5bba42e51.html#axzz3x1UFFBKl\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">http:\/\/www.ft.com\/cms\/s\/0\/11a7de0e-b48c-11e5-b147-e5e5bba42e51<\/a><\/p>\n<p><strong>Irak :<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Suites \u00e0 l&rsquo;escalade des tensions entre l&rsquo;Arabie saoudite et l&rsquo;Iran, le premier ministre irakien en visite \u00e0 T\u00e9h\u00e9ran a propos\u00e9 que son pays assume une m\u00e9diation entre les deux grandes puissances r\u00e9gionales. L&rsquo;Irak voudrait garder une position balanc\u00e9e dans cette discorde, alors que le gouvernement chiite compte sur le soutien de l&rsquo;Iran dans sa lutte contre IS et cherche \u00e0 renouer les liens avec l&rsquo;Arabie saoudite qui vient de renvoyer un ambassadeur \u00e0 Bagdad, une premi\u00e8re depuis 25 ans.<\/p>\n<p>Or le gouvernement chiite doit \u00e9galement g\u00e9rer la pression venant des milices chiites. Des milliers de miliciens auraient manifest\u00e9 \u00e0 Bagdad et dans le sud du pays apr\u00e8s l&rsquo;ex\u00e9cution du clerc saoudien al-Nimr, certains appelant \u00e0 la rupture des liens diplomatiques avec l&rsquo;Arabie saoudite.<\/p>\n<p>De plus, une vid\u00e9o parue r\u00e9cemment sur les r\u00e9seaux sociaux montrant un milicien coupant l&rsquo;oreille d&rsquo;un prisonnier n&rsquo;a fait qu&rsquo;augmenter la division sectaire qui ronge le pays. L&rsquo;homme perp\u00e9trant cet acte a \u00e9t\u00e9 identifi\u00e9 comme appartenant \u00e0 la \u00ab&nbsp;Mobilisation populaire&nbsp;\u00bb (Hashd al-Shaabi), une force constitu\u00e9e principalement de milices chiites soutenue par l&rsquo;Iran. Il ne s&rsquo;agirait que d&rsquo;une des centaines de vid\u00e9os montrant des miliciens en train de torturer des civils arr\u00eat\u00e9s dans des zones sunnites apr\u00e8s des combats avec IS. Un membre du parlement irakien regrette que ni le gouvernement ni les dignitaires religieux ayant approuv\u00e9 ces milices ne s&rsquo;exprime pas plus fortement pour condamner ces actes.<\/p>\n<p><em>Liens pour plus d&rsquo;informations&nbsp;:<\/em><br \/>\n<a href=\"http:\/\/www.usnews.com\/news\/world\/articles\/2016-01-06\/oman-attacks-on-saudi-missions-in-iran-are-unacceptable\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">http:\/\/www.usnews.com\/news\/world\/articles\/2016-01-06\/oman-attacks-on-saudi-missions-in-iran-are-unacceptable<\/a><br \/>\n<a href=\"http:\/\/www.alaraby.co.uk\/english\/news\/2016\/1\/11\/video-iraqi-militiamen-cut-off-captives-ear\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">http:\/\/www.alaraby.co.uk\/english\/news\/2016\/1\/11\/video-iraqi-militiamen-cut-off-captives-ear<\/a><\/p>\n<p><strong>Iran&nbsp;:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Les critiques et les condamnations ont suivi l&rsquo;ex\u00e9cution d&rsquo;al-Nimr. En particulier, le Grand Ayatollah Ali Khamenei a pr\u00e9dit une \u00ab&nbsp;vengeance divine&nbsp;\u00bb contre l&rsquo;Arabie saoudite. A la suite des attaques contre l&rsquo;ambassade et le consulat saoudiens, le pr\u00e9sident Rouhani a affirm\u00e9 vouloir poursuivre les responsables de ces actes qui nuisent et insultent la dignit\u00e9 de l&rsquo;Iran et la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 nationale. Certains m\u00e9dias iraniens identifient derri\u00e8re ces attaques des actions organis\u00e9es par des groupes li\u00e9s de mani\u00e8re officieuse \u00e0 des organes gouvernementaux et agissant hors la loi. Ghanoon, un journal r\u00e9formiste, y voit une strat\u00e9gie bien connue et calcul\u00e9e \u00ab&nbsp;que les extr\u00e9mistes utilisent pour troubler l&rsquo;ordre au sein des affaires diplomatiques&nbsp;\u00bb. Ainsi le courant r\u00e9formiste verrait dans ces attaques la volont\u00e9 de d\u00e9fier les buts que l&rsquo;administration actuelle, men\u00e9e par le pr\u00e9sident Rouhani, s&rsquo;est fix\u00e9 pour sa politique \u00e9trang\u00e8re, \u00e0 savoir l&rsquo;am\u00e9lioration de ses relations ext\u00e9rieures dans le contexte post-accord nucl\u00e9aire. Des analystes voient \u00e9galement dans ces attaques l&rsquo;\u00e9vidence que l&rsquo;appareil s\u00e9curitaire du pays est aux mains des conservateurs, oppos\u00e9s \u00e0 la politique d&rsquo;ouverture de Rouhani.<\/p>\n<p><em>Liens pour plus d&rsquo;informations&nbsp;:<\/em><br \/>\n<a href=\"http:\/\/www.al-monitor.com\/pulse\/originals\/2016\/01\/iran-saudi-embassy-attack-extremists-nimr.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">http:\/\/www.al-monitor.com\/pulse\/originals\/2016\/01\/iran-saudi-embassy-attack-extremists-nimr<\/a><\/p>\n<p><strong>Liban&nbsp;:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Hassan Nasrallah, secr\u00e9taire g\u00e9n\u00e9ral du Hezbollah, a violemment condamn\u00e9 l&rsquo;Arabie saoudite apr\u00e8s l&rsquo;ex\u00e9cution du clerc saoudien, Nimr al-Nimr. Il a cependant mis en garde contre la tentation d&rsquo;inscrire cette ex\u00e9cution dans le cadre d&rsquo;un conflit sunnite-chiite, identifiant explicitement la famille al-Saoud dans ses condamnations, l&rsquo;accusant de vouloir cr\u00e9er ce conflit sectaire et appelant \u00e0 son d\u00e9part. Il a assur\u00e9 que son parti avait la responsabilit\u00e9 d&rsquo;\u00e9viter ce conflit.<br \/>\nPour sa part, Saad Hariri, chef du courant du Futur, a accus\u00e9 Hassan Nasrallah de marcher sur les pas de l&rsquo;Iran en se consid\u00e9rant comme le responsable de tous les chiites du monde et en se donnant ainsi le droit de s&rsquo;ing\u00e9rer dans les affaires d&rsquo;autrui. Revenant sur l&rsquo;accusation de l&rsquo;Iran contre l&rsquo;Arabie saoudite selon laquelle cette derni\u00e8re \u00e9liminerait ses opposants politiques sous couvert de la lutte contre le terrorisme, M. Hariri a r\u00e9torqu\u00e9 que ces accusations s&rsquo;appliquaient clairement au r\u00e9gime syrien \u00e0 l&rsquo;\u00e9chelle de tout un peuple, r\u00e9gime soutenu par l&rsquo;Iran.<\/p>\n<p>De mani\u00e8re g\u00e9n\u00e9rale, les analystes pr\u00e9voient une paralysie encore plus grande des institutions libanaises comme cons\u00e9quences \u00e0 la recrudescence des tensions irano-saoudiennes.<\/p>\n<p><em>Liens pour plus d&rsquo;informations&nbsp;:<\/em><br \/>\n<a href=\"http:\/\/www.lorientlejour.com\/article\/963027\/hariri-accuse-le-hezbollah-de-sen-prendre-aux-souverainetes-des-pays-arabes.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">http:\/\/www.lorientlejour.com\/article\/963027\/hariri-accuse-le-hezbollah-de-sen-prendre-aux-souverainetes-des-pays-arabes<\/a><br \/>\n<a href=\"http:\/\/www.lorientlejour.com\/article\/963315\/quelques-cles-pour-comprendre-laffaire-nimr-al-baqer-al-nimr.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">http:\/\/www.lorientlejour.com\/article\/963315\/quelques-cles-pour-comprendre-laffaire-nimr-al-baqer-al-nimr<\/a><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #902323;\"><strong>VIOLENT EXTREMISM AND THE WAR ON TERROR \/<br \/>\nEXTR\u00c9MISME VIOLENT ET LA GUERRE CONTRE LA TERREUR<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p><strong>Cross-regional, 06\/01\/2016: Critics over the U.S. War on Terrorism<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Italy says Washington&rsquo;s so-called war on terror, which was launched in the wake of the September 11 terrorist attacks of 2001, is to blame for the current global wave of terrorism. \u00ab\u00a0We are still paying, after 15 years, the consequences of what was supposed to be a lightning war to eliminate the terrorist threat,\u00a0\u00bb Foreign Minister Paolo Gentiloni of Italy said. Critics came from Russia too as Foreign Minister Sergey Lavrov said \u00ab\u00a0The factor that does no good to our cause is American exceptionalism. It sets a stamp upon how they decide to fight terrorism: in depth, in width and against individuals,\u00a0\u00bb adding that the Americans believe that they can admonish everybody else. Micah Zenko, a senior fellow at the Council on Foreign Relations in Washington, notes that the U.S. has conducted nearly 22,110 airstrikes targeting the Islamic State fighters in the Iraq and Syria region in the past year. He wrote on Newsweek (11\/1\/2016) \u00ab\u00a0Last year, the United States dropped an estimated total of 23,144 bombs in six countries,\u00a0\u00bb adding that \u00ab\u00a0the \u00ab\u00a0kill-em&rsquo;-all with airstrikes\u00a0\u00bb rule, is that it is not working\u00a0\u00bb.<\/p>\n<p><em>Links for more information:<\/em><br \/>\n<a href=\"http:\/\/www.newsweek.com\/targeted-bombing-isis-terrorists-isnt-working-414097\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">http:\/\/www.newsweek.com\/targeted-bombing-isis-terrorists-isnt-working-414097<\/a><br \/>\n<a href=\"http:\/\/www.presstv.ir\/Detail\/2016\/01\/06\/444772\/Italy-US-Daesh-ISIS-war-on-terror-Gentiloni\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">http:\/\/www.presstv.ir\/Detail\/2016\/01\/06\/444772\/Italy-US-Daesh-ISIS-war-on-terror-Gentiloni\/<\/a><\/p>\n<p><strong>Cross-regional, 09.01.2016: Al Qaeda, Saudi Arabia and the War on Terror<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Al Qaeda has warned Saudi Arabia it will pay for the executions of dozens of its members, saying they were intended to be a new year&rsquo;s gift to Riyadh&rsquo;s Western allies aimed at consolidating the rule of the Saud dynasty. Saudi Foreign Minister Adel Al-Jubeir said on the recently formed Islamic Military Alliance to combat terrorism: \u00ab\u00a0The alliance, which consists of more than 35 countries currently, is for all nations. Its aim is to counter terrorism in terms of security, military and intellectual aspects.\u00a0\u00bb He added participation was voluntary and that countries can contribute based on their capacity.&nbsp;According to Al-Jubeir, international cooperation is important to eliminate terrorism because one country on its own cannot achieve success.<\/p>\n<p><em>Links for more information:<\/em><br \/>\n<a href=\"http:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-saudi-security-alqaeda-idUSKCN0UP0ZX20160111\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">http:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-saudi-security-alqaeda<\/a><br \/>\n<a href=\"http:\/\/www.arabnews.com\/featured\/news\/858696\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">http:\/\/www.arabnews.com\/featured\/news\/858696<\/a><br \/>\n<a href=\"http:\/\/www.arabnews.com\/featured\/news\/863501\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">http:\/\/www.arabnews.com\/featured\/news\/863501<\/a><\/p>\n<p><strong>Cross-regional, 28.12.2015: Global Anti-ISIS Coalition Begins to Emerge<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>The&nbsp;Wall Street Journal&nbsp;suggests the new alignment between France, Russia, and the United States could be the beginning of the \u00ab\u00a0grand and single coalition\u00a0\u00bb called for by French president Francois Hollande. The French president has won public approval and international backing for his handling of the crisis so far. However, the&nbsp;shooting down&nbsp;of a Russian fighter jet by Turkey has complicated the already difficult task of forging a united international front to take on Isis in Syria.<\/p>\n<p><em>Links for more information:<\/em><br \/>\n<a href=\"http:\/\/www.breitbart.com\/national-security\/2015\/11\/18\/anti-isis-alliance-france-russia-u-s-takes-shape\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">http:\/\/www.breitbart.com\/national-security\/2015\/11\/18\/anti-isis-alliance-france-russia-u-s-takes-shape\/<\/a><br \/>\n<a href=\"http:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/global-anti-isis-alliance-begins-to-emerge-1447806527\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">http:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/global-anti-isis-alliance-begins-to-emerge<\/a><br \/>\n<a href=\"http:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2015\/nov\/23\/francois-hollande-france-global-alliance-defeat-isis-russia-us-uk-germany\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">http:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2015\/nov\/23\/francois-hollande-france-global-alliance-defeat-isis-russia-us-uk-germany<\/a><br \/>\n<a href=\"http:\/\/www.ft.com\/cms\/s\/0\/8e13f7b0-92cd-11e5-bd82-c1fb87bef7af.html#axzz3t19hg1VY\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">http:\/\/www.ft.com\/cms\/s\/0\/8e13f7b0-92cd-11e5-bd82-c1fb87bef7af<\/a><\/p>\n<p><strong>Egypt, 07.01.2016: Egypt&rsquo;s Security Issues<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>On 07\/01\/2015 an Islamic State affiliate in Egypt has claimed responsibility for an attack on a hotel near the Giza Pyramids that authorities said had left no casualties. Meanwhile, Mexico&rsquo;s foreign minister Claudia Ruiz Massieu said that an official Egyptian investigation into an airstrike on a group of Mexican tourists that killed 12 people has suggested a travel agency they hired was to blame. She added that the Egyptian tourism ministry \u00ab\u00a0found that the administrative authorities and the travel agency should have had more clarity on the permit and in that sense would eventually be responsible.\u00a0\u00bb Last but not least, Turkish authorities have arrested an Egyptian family of 12 that was trying to cross into Syria to join the Islamic State group.<\/p>\n<p><em>Links for more information:<\/em><br \/>\n<a href=\"http:\/\/abcnews.go.com\/International\/wireStory\/official-injuries-attack-hotel-pyramids-36137640\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">http:\/\/abcnews.go.com\/International\/wireStory\/official-injuries-attack-hotel-pyramids<\/a><br \/>\n<a href=\"http:\/\/abcnews.go.com\/International\/wireStory\/egypt-affiliate-claims-attack-hotel-pyramids-36160563\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">http:\/\/abcnews.go.com\/International\/wireStory\/egypt-affiliate-claims-attack-hotel-pyramids<\/a><br \/>\n<a href=\"http:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2016\/jan\/07\/travel-agency-to-blame-for-egyptian-airstrikes-that-killed-mexican-tourists\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">http:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2016\/jan\/07\/travel-agency-to-blame-for-egyptian-airstrikes-that-killed-mexican-tourists<\/a><br \/>\n<a href=\"http:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/aponline\/2016\/01\/11\/world\/middleeast\/ap-ml-egypt-islamic-state.html?ref=world\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">http:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/aponline\/2016\/01\/11\/world\/middleeast\/ap-ml-egypt-islamic-state<\/a><\/p>\n<p><strong>Mali-Burkina Faso, 08.01.16: Le pr\u00e9sident \u00e9lu du Burkina appelle \u00e0 un front uni avec le Mali pour la lutte contre le terrorisme<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Au cours d&rsquo;une conversation t\u00e9l\u00e9phonique entre les pr\u00e9sidents malien et burkinab\u00e9, le pr\u00e9sident du Burkina Faso fra\u00eechement \u00e9lu, Roch Marc Kabor\u00e9, a invit\u00e9 son homologue malien \u00e0 s&rsquo;engager dans \u00ab&nbsp;un front uni pour la lutte contre le terrorisme au Mali&nbsp;\u00bb.<\/p>\n<p>Par ailleurs, l&rsquo;Allemagne a d\u00e9cid\u00e9 de d\u00e9ployer, tr\u00e8s prochainement, un contingent de 650 soldats qui remplaceront les casques bleus n\u00e9erlandais \u00e0 la fin de leur mandat au service de la MINUSMA. Une partie de cette troupe sera bas\u00e9e \u00e0 Gao et l&rsquo;autre sera affect\u00e9e au centre de formation \u00e0 Koulikoro.<\/p>\n<p><em>Liens pour plus d&rsquo;informations&nbsp;:<\/em><br \/>\n<a href=\"http:\/\/maliactu.net\/le-nouveau-president-du-burkina-faso-plaide-pour-un-front-uni-avec-le-mali-contre-le-terrorisme\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">http:\/\/maliactu.net\/le-nouveau-president-du-burkina-faso-plaide-pour-un-front-uni-avec-le-mali-contre-le-terrorisme\/<\/a><br \/>\n<a href=\"http:\/\/maliactu.net\/mali-deploiement-dun-contingent-allemand-au-mali-le-parlementaire-niels-annen-tate-le-terrain\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">http:\/\/maliactu.net\/mali-deploiement-dun-contingent-allemand-au-mali-le-parlementaire-niels-annen-tate-le-terrain\/<\/a><\/p>\n<p><strong>Sahel, 10.01.2016: L&rsquo;\u00e9mir d&rsquo;une katiba de l&rsquo;AQMI s&rsquo;exprime sur la recrudescence des actions de son groupe dans la zone<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Gemal Okacha alias Yahya Abu El Hemmam, \u00e9mir de la katiba du Sahara et du Sahel affili\u00e9e \u00e0 Al Qaida au Maghreb islamique (AQMI), a accord\u00e9 une interview fleuve au site d&rsquo;information arabophone mauritanien \u00ab&nbsp;Al Akhbar&nbsp;\u00bb. Dans cet entretien, le chef de l&rsquo;AQMI au Sahara et au Sahel affirme que l&rsquo;intervention fran\u00e7aise au Mali constitue un d\u00e9sastre pour son bataillon et ses alli\u00e9s. Selon lui, l&rsquo;intervention militaire fran\u00e7aise n&rsquo;a atteint aucun de ses objectifs d\u00e9clar\u00e9s, car le Mali est devenu plus instable, plus divis\u00e9 et en proie \u00e0 une lutte fratricide entre les \u00ab&nbsp;fils de l&rsquo;Azawad&nbsp;\u00bb. Il ajoute que l&rsquo;\u00e9chec le plus patent de la politique fran\u00e7aise est la r\u00e9surgence des actions de son groupe et \u00ab&nbsp;des autres groupes moujahidines alli\u00e9s et fr\u00e8res, notamment An\u00e7ar Dine et le Front de lib\u00e9ration du Macina&nbsp;\u00bb. Abu El Hemmam est all\u00e9 jusqu&rsquo;\u00e0 affirmer que \u00ab&nbsp;les moujahidines se sont d\u00e9ploy\u00e9s partout au Mali, de la fronti\u00e8re mauritanienne \u00e0 l&rsquo;ouest jusqu&rsquo;\u00e0 celle du Burkina \u00e0 l&rsquo;est, et de la fronti\u00e8re alg\u00e9rienne au nord jusqu&rsquo;\u00e0 Bamako au sud&nbsp;\u00bb.<\/p>\n<p>Au sujet des rapports avec le soi-disant \u00ab&nbsp;Etat islamique&nbsp;\u00bb (EI), il dira que l&rsquo;AQMI s&rsquo;est abstenue de faire des d\u00e9clarations au sujet de \u00ab&nbsp;cette organisation qui a lev\u00e9 l&rsquo;\u00e9tendard de la fitna (la discorde et la guerre) au sein de la oumma musulmane, divisant le rang des moujahidines et s&rsquo;en prenant aveuglement aux musulmans avec une cruaut\u00e9 indescriptible&nbsp;\u00bb. A ce sujet, ajoute-t-il, \u00ab&nbsp;nous nous en tenons aux propos tenus par notre \u00e9mir, cheikh Aymen Ezzawahiri, leader d&rsquo;Al Qaida&nbsp;\u00bb.<\/p>\n<p><em>Liens pour plus d&rsquo;informations&nbsp;:<\/em><br \/>\n<a href=\"http:\/\/alakhbar.info\/intrep\/interv\/13563-2016-01-10-18-02-56.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">http:\/\/alakhbar.info\/intrep\/interv\/13563-2016-01-10-18-02-56.html<\/a><br \/>\n<a href=\"http:\/\/www.cridem.org\/C_Info.php?article=679462\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">http:\/\/www.cridem.org\/C_Info.php?article=679462<\/a><br \/>\n<a href=\"http:\/\/maliactu.net\/enlevement-dune-suissesse-au-mali-la-piste-jihadiste-se-precise\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">http:\/\/maliactu.net\/enlevement-dune-suissesse-au-mali-la-piste-jihadiste-se-precise\/<\/a><\/p>\n<hr>\n<p><em>The views and perspectives contained in the Weekly Update are from individual contributors and external sources, and do not necessarily reflect the opinions or position of the Cordoba Foundation of Geneva. The links are neither intended as an endorsement of particular publications nor the only source for the updates, but to connect to information in the public domain, for those interested in background or further details.<\/em><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>12th &#8211; 25th January 2016 Cordoba Foundation of Geneva<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":5700,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[15],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-534","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-newsletter"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.3 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>The Cordoba Update 1\/2016 - Cordoba Peace Institute | Fran\u00e7ais<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/cpi-geneva.org\/fr\/the-cordoba-update-1-2016\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fr_FR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"The Cordoba Update 1\/2016 - 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