{"id":217,"date":"2011-07-18T22:17:59","date_gmt":"2011-07-18T21:17:59","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/cpi-geneva.org\/fr\/2011\/07\/18\/oic-organization-of-islamic-c-conference-cooperation-community\/"},"modified":"2023-05-30T13:24:06","modified_gmt":"2023-05-30T12:24:06","slug":"oic-organization-of-islamic-c-conference-cooperation-community","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/cpi-geneva.org\/fr\/oic-organization-of-islamic-c-conference-cooperation-community\/","title":{"rendered":"OIC: Organization of Islamic C=Conference-Cooperation-Community-?"},"content":{"rendered":"

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Pre-Islamic Arabia lived for a long time under various forms of asabiya: chauvinism to the Arab race (arabism), to the tribe (tribalism), or to a clan within the tribe (clanism). This was the source of many long lasting wars. But, in 610, Prophet Muhammad, 40 years old, received the first verses of Al-Quran, challenging the social and political order. Asabiya yielded to brotherhood-sisterhood in a community of values, the Umma, from Umm, mother. Arabs engaged with enthusiasm in this new \u201cmatriotism\u201d based on an Islamic religion stating that \u201cthere is no difference between an Arab and a non-Arab, or between a White and a Black, except by degree of piety\u201d. Blood, race, ethnic group, colour, gender etc. vanished in favour of oneness of origin, freedom, justice, and above all rahma (true love).<\/p>\n

The Umma was guided by the Prophet, and ruled after his death by the Rightly Guided Successors (al-Khulafa, ar-Rashidun). But only 30 years after the death of the Prophet, in 661, the values he taught were violated, and the political order was corrupted, back to asabiya.<\/p>\n

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Thus began a long decline of Muslim society. Even though there was a formal Khilafa (Caliphate), the Umma was split into countless political\u2011military fragments based on repression and corruption. Autocracy and cleptocracy became the rule. At the end this would open the doors to various forms of external aggression, and by the 19th century the seeds of \u201ccolonisability\u201d \u2013 a term coined by Algerian philosopher Malek Bennabi \u2013 were there. Colonization became easy. In 1924 the Ottoman Caliphate was dismantled.<\/p>\n

After the political independence, the political elites imported the secularist nation-state model and imposed it on their populations. Nation-based asabiya (nationalism) was born; Arabism, Turanism (Turkey) and Persianism being some of its expressions, necessarily leading to minority-based asabiya: Kurdism, Berberism, etc.<\/p>\n

Regional organizations emerged in the Umma geographic space from West Africa to the Far East; the oldest one being the League of Arab States founded in 22 March 1945 \u2013 seven months before the UN in 24 October 1945 \u2013 today with 22 Member States: to \u201cfoster economic growth in the region, to resolve disputes between its members, and to coordinate political aims\u201d, but 66 years have brought neither peace nor prosperity to the Arab world. The Arab league was always undermined by the asabiya of its members and their contradictory goals, and by foreign interference and influence. The only operational body is the Council of the Ministers of Interior, which coordinates their repressive policies.<\/p>\n

On 25 September 1969 a larger organization was founded by leaders of Muslim states at a conference in Rabat to safeguard the interests of the Umma \u2013 a political reaction to the arson inside al-Aqsa Mosque in al-Quds (Jerusalem) by Denis Michael Rohan on 21 August 1969. The Muslim leaders would have preferred Organization of Islamic Countries (OIC), but countries with large non-Muslim minorities objected. They kept OIC with \u201cC\u201d meaning Conference, a reference to the Rabat Summit.<\/p>\n

Almost 42 years after its creation, on 28 June 2011, during the 38th session of the Council of Foreign Ministers of OIC held at Astana, Kazakhstan, the Member States agreed to change the name to the Organization for Islamic Cooperation. OIC is always there, but \u201cC\u201d now standing for Cooperation, not for Conference.<\/p>\n

According to an OIC press release, \u201cthe new resolution reflects a qualitative shift in the performance of the Organization and enormous enhancement of its effectiveness as an international organization active in diverse areas of politics, economy, culture and society.\u201d With its 57 Member States spread over four continents, the OIC is the IGO No. 2, after the UN. It should and will have a say and an active role in a globalized world increasingly structured around regional entities.<\/p>\n

With greater freedom and prosperity, its 1.6 billion constituency will push towards more economic and even political integration. In spite of opposition by imperialist and neo-colonial powers, this will lead to an Organization of the Islamic Community: a 21st century Umma-Khilafa model. The Islamic Community will not be a chauvinist entity built on the antagonism with others, but rather an open space based on \u201cC-inside, C-outside\u201d, Consolidation of Muslim unity, and Cooperation with others for peace and prosperity for all Humanity.<\/p>\n

Could an Organization of the Islamic Community institutionalize a vision of a peaceful Islam, the dar-al-Islam, opposed to the rest, the dar-al-harb, the realm of war? The European Community-Union is also built on the vision of a Europe with inter-state wars not only ruled out, but \u201cunthinkable\u201d. But this argument leaves out the third realm: the dar-al-ahd of treaties, pacts, for instance between a future OIC and the EU, in a regionalizing, potentially more mature world. And important preparatory work has been done in EU-OIC dialogues.<\/p>\n

The new OIC of cooperation will pose a major challenge to the UN. Of the five present Security Council veto powers, four are Christian (one Evangelical, one Anglican, one Catholic-Secular, one Orthodox), and one Taoist-Confucian-Buddhist. OIC outsizes them all, even China.<\/p>\n

This is not only totally unfair, taking into account that the borders fragmenting the Islamic Community were mainly drawn by those Western powers, but also makes UNSC resolutions against Muslim countries illegitimate. Muslim veto power could have saved many human lives, and the USA-West against unwise policies, and opened for a more balanced UN and more regional action. An updated Security Council would accommodate the OIC; and the EU rather than two of its members. The idea of collectivities of states is enshrined in the Charter for defence, facilitating a transition from the world of 1945 to the world today. But even better would be a \u201cUniting for Peace\u201d Member States democracy of states, with no sabotage from powers living in the past.<\/p>\n

Abbas Aroua & Johan Galtung
\n18 July 2011<\/p>\n

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<\/p>\n

OIC: Organizzazione Islamica C = Conferenza-Cooperazione-Comunit\u00e0?<\/strong><\/p>\n

L\u2019Arabia pre-islamica \u00e8 vissuta per un lungo periodo sotto varie forme di asabiya (coesione e legami tra persone di una comunit\u00e0, ndt): sciovinismo della razza araba (arabismo), delle trib\u00f9 (tribalismo), o dei clan interni alle trib\u00f9 (clanismo). Questa \u00e8 stata la causa di molte guerre durate a lungo. Ma, nel 610, il profeta Maometto, all\u2019et\u00e0 di 40 anni, ricevette i primi versi del Corano, sfidando l\u2019ordine sociale e politico. La asabiya fu sostituita dalla fratellanza-sorellanza in una comunit\u00e0 di valori, la Umma, da Umm, madre. Gli arabi si impegnarono con entusiasmo in questo nuovo \u201cmatriottismo\u201d basato sulla religione islamica che afferma \u201cnon ci sono differenze tra arabi e non arabi, o tra bianchi e neri, eccetto per il grado di piet\u00e0\u201d. Sangue, razza, gruppo etnico, colore, genere, ecc. svaniscono a favore della unicit\u00e0 di origine, libert\u00e0, giustizia, e soprattutto rahma (vero amore).<\/p>\n

La Umma fu guidata dal Profeta, e governata dopo la sua morte dai Successori Ben Guidati (al-khulaf\u00e2, ar-Rashidun). Ma dopo soli 30 anni dalla morte del Profeta, nel 661, i valori da lui insegnati furono violati, e l\u2019ordine politico venne corrotto, tornando alla asabiya.<\/p>\n

Ebbe quindi inizio un lungo declino della societ\u00e0 mussulmana. Anche se ci fu un formale Khilafa (Califfato) la Umma venne suddivisa in una miriade di frammenti politico-militari basati sulla repressione e la corruzione. Autocrazia e cleptocrazia divennero la norma. Alla fine tutto ci\u00f2 apr\u00ec le porte a varie forme di aggressioni esterne, e nel XIX secolo furono piantati i semi della \u201ccolonizzabilit\u00e0\u201d, un termine coniato dal filosofo algerino Malek Bennabi. La colonizzazione fu facilitata. Nel 1924 il califfato ottomano venne smantellato.<\/p>\n

Dopo l\u2019indipendenza politica, le elite politiche importarono il modello di stato nazione secolare e lo imposero alle loro popolazioni. Nacque una asabiya basata sulla nazione (nazionalismo): arabismo, turanismo (Turchia) e persianismo furono alcune sue espressioni, che portarono necessariamente a forme di asabiya basate su minoranze: kurdismo, berberismo, ecc.<\/p>\n

Nello spazio geografico dell\u2019 Umma compreso fra l\u2019Africa Occidentale e l\u2019Estremo Oriente sorsero organizzazioni regionali, la pi\u00f9 antica delle quali \u00e8 la Lega degli Stati Arabi fondata il 22 marzo 1945 \u2013 sette mesi prima delle Nazioni Unite il 24 ottobre 1945 \u2013 che oggi conta 22 stati membri allo scopo di \u201cpromuovere la crescita economica nella regione, risolvere le dispute tra i suoi membri, e coordinare gli obiettivi politici\u201d. Ma 66 anni non hanno portato n\u00e9 pace n\u00e9 prosperit\u00e0 nel mondo arabo. Essa fu sempre messa in difficolt\u00e0 dalla asabiya dei suoi membri, dai loro obiettivi contraddittori e dalle interferenze e influenze esterne. L\u2019unica struttura operativa \u00e8 il Consiglio dei Ministri dell\u2019Interno, che coordina le politiche repressive.<\/p>\n

Il 25 settembre 1969 fu fondata un\u2019organizzazione pi\u00f9 ampia dai capi degli stati mussulmani riuniti alla conferenza di Rabat per salvaguardare gli interessi della Umma \u2013 una reazione politica all\u2019incendio nella moschea al-Aqsa in al-Quds (Gerusalemme) appiccato da Denis Michael Rohan il 21 agosto 1969. I capi mussulmani avrebbero preferito una Organization of Islamic Countries (OIC, Organizzazione dei Paesi Islamici), ma i paesi con grandi minoranze non mussulmane furono contrari. Tuttavia, essi mantennero la sigla OIC con \u201cC\u201d nel significato di Conferenza, un riferimento all\u2019incontro di Rabat.<\/p>\n

Quasi 42 anni dopo la sua fondazione, il 28 giugno 2011, durante la 38\u00b0 sessione del Consiglio dei Ministri della OIC tenutosi a Astana, nel Kazakhstan, gli stati membri si sono accordati per cambiare il nome in Organization for Islamic Cooperation (Organizzazione Islamica per la Cooperazione), la sigla OIC \u00e8 stata mantenuta, ma ora \u201cC\u201d significa Cooperazione, non Conferenza.<\/p>\n

Secondo un comunicato stampa della OIC, \u201cla nuova risoluzione riflette uno spostamento qualitativo nell\u2019immagine dell\u2019Organizzazione e un passo avanti nella sua efficacia come organizzazione internazionale attiva in diverse aree della politica, dell\u2019economia, della cultura e della societ\u00e0.\u201d Con i suoi 57 stati membri presenti in quattro continenti, la OIC \u00e8 la seconda OIG (Organizzazione Inter Governativa) dopo le Nazioni Unite. Dovrebbe e vorrebbe avere voce in capitolo e un ruolo attivo in un mondo globalizzato sempre pi\u00f9 strutturato attorno a entit\u00e0 regionali.<\/p>\n

Con maggiore libert\u00e0 e prosperit\u00e0, la sua popolazione di 1,6 miliardi di persone eserciter\u00e0 una pressione verso una maggiore integrazione economica e anche politica. Nonostante l\u2019opposizione delle potenze imperialiste e neo-coloniali, questo porter\u00e0 a una Organization of the Islamic Community (Organizzazione della Comunit\u00e0 Islamica): un modello Umma-Khilafa del XXI secolo. La Comunit\u00e0 Islamica non sar\u00e0 un\u2019entit\u00e0 sciovinista costruita in antagonismo con altre, ma piuttosto uno spazio aperto basato su \u201cC-interna, C-esterna\u201d, Consolidamento dell\u2019unit\u00e0 mussulmana, e Cooperazione con altri per la pace e la prosperit\u00e0 di tutta l\u2019umanit\u00e0.<\/p>\n

Una Organizzazione della Comunit\u00e0 Islamica sar\u00e0 capace di istituzionalizzare una visione di un Islam di pace, il dar-al Islam, opposto al resto, il dar-al-harb, il regno della guerra? Anche la Comunit\u00e0 dell\u2019Unione Europea \u00e8 stata costruita sulla visione di un\u2019Europa con guerre interstatali non solo messe fuori legge, ma \u201cimpensabili\u201d. Ma tale questione trascura un terzo punto: il dar-al-ahd, regno di trattati, patti, per esempio tra una futura OIC e la UE, in un mondo regionalizzato, potenzialmente pi\u00f9 maturo. E un importante lavoro preparatorio \u00e8 stato fatto nei dialoghi UE-OIC.<\/p>\n

La nuova OIC della cooperazione porr\u00e0 importanti sfide alle Nazioni Unite. Delle attuali cinque potenze con diritto di veto che fanno parte del Consiglio di Sicurezza, quattro sono cristiane (una evangelica, una anglicana, una cattolica-secolare, una ortodossa), e una taoista-confuciana-buddhista. L\u2019OIC \u00e8 pi\u00f9 grande di tutte, persino della Cina.<\/p>\n

Questo non \u00e8 soltanto del tutto ingiusto, tenuto conto che la frammentazione dei confini della comunit\u00e0 islamica fu essenzialmente tracciata da queste potenze occidentali, ma rende anche le risoluzioni del Consiglio di Sicurezza delle Nazioni Unite contro i paesi islamici illegittime. Il potere di veto mussulmano avrebbe potuto salvare sia moltissime vite umane, sia gli USA-Occidente da politiche poco sagge, e avrebbe creato delle Nazioni Unite pi\u00f9 equilibrate con maggiore capacit\u00e0 di azione regionale. Un Consiglio di Sicurezza aggiornato dovrebbe accogliere la OIC e l\u2019UE invece che due dei suoi membri. L\u2019idea di collettivit\u00e0 di stati \u00e8 inclusa nella Carta delle Nazioni Unite per promuovere una transizione dal mondo del 1945 a quello odierno. Ma ancor meglio sarebbe una democrazia di stati membri \u201cUniti per la Pace\u201d, con nessun sabotaggio dalle potenze che vivono nel passato.<\/p>\n

Abbas Aroua e Johan Galtung
\n18 luglio 2011<\/p>\n

Traduzione a cura del Centro Studi Sereno Regis
\nwww.serenoregis.org<\/p>\n

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\u0648\u0641\u064a 25 \u0633\u0628\u062a\u0645\u0628\u0631 1969 \u062a\u0623\u0633\u0651\u0633\u062a \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0625\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u062d\u062c\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0637\u0631\u0641 \u0642\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0646\u0639\u0642\u0627\u062f \u0645\u0624\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0637\u060c \u0628\u063a\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0631\u062f\u0651\u064b\u0627 \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062c\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0635\u0649 \u0641\u064a 21 \u0623\u063a\u0633\u0637\u0633 1969 \u0645\u0646 \u0637\u0631\u0641 \u062f\u064a\u0646\u0633 \u0645\u0627\u064a\u0643\u0644 \u0631\u0648\u0647\u0627\u0646. \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u063a\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0622\u0646\u0630\u0627\u0643 \u062a\u0633\u0645\u064a\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u00ab\u00a0\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629\u00a0\u00bb (Organization of Islamic Countries \u2013 OIC)\u060c \u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0644\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u062d\u0627\u0644 \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u0641\u0623\u0628\u0642\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639\u0648\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0634\u0639\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0640\u00a0\u00bbOIC\u00a0\u00bb\u060c \u0644\u0643\u0646 \u062d\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0640\u00a0\u00bbC\u00a0\u00bb \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0639\u062f \u064a\u0631\u0645\u0632 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u00ab\u00a0\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 – Countries\u00a0\u00bb \u0628\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u00ab\u00a0\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u062a\u0645\u0631 – Conference\u00a0\u00bb \u0641\u064a \u0625\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0637\u060c \u0641\u0646\u0634\u0623\u062a \u0628\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u00ab\u00a0\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u00a0\u00bb (Organization of Islamic Conference \u2013 OIC).<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0628\u0639\u062f 42 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0646\u0634\u0623\u062a\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0648\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u064038 \u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0648\u0632\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0627\u0646\u0639\u0642\u062f \u0641\u064a 28 \u064a\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0648 2011 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0635\u0645\u0629 \u0643\u0627\u0632\u0627\u062e\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0642\u0631\u0651\u0631\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u00ab\u00a0\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u00a0\u00bb (Organization for Islamic Cooperation). \u0641\u062a\u0645\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0628\u0642\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0634\u0639\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0640\u00a0\u00bbOIC\u00a0\u00bb \u0644\u0643\u0646 \u062d\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0640\u00a0\u00bbC\u00a0\u00bb \u0623\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0646 \u064a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u00ab\u00a0\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646 – Cooperation\u00a0\u00bb. \u0648\u062d\u0633\u0628 \u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0635\u062d\u0641\u064a \u0646\u0634\u0631\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u0625\u0646\u0651 \u00ab\u00a0\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f \u064a\u0639\u0643\u0633 \u062a\u062d\u0648\u0651\u0644\u064b\u0627 \u0646\u0648\u0639\u064a\u0651\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0633\u0651\u0646\u064b\u0627 \u0647\u0627\u0626\u0644\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0643\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0646\u0634\u0637 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629\u00a0\u00bb.<\/span><\/p>\n

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\n18 \u064a\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0648 2011<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Pre-Islamic Arabia lived for a long time under various forms of asabiya: chauvinism to the Arab race (arabism), to the tribe (tribalism), or to a clan within the tribe (clanism). This was the source of many long lasting wars. 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