{"id":538,"date":"2016-03-23T09:01:29","date_gmt":"2016-03-23T09:01:29","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/cpi-geneva.org\/ar\/2016\/03\/23\/the-cordoba-update-6-2016\/"},"modified":"2023-05-31T00:29:47","modified_gmt":"2023-05-30T23:29:47","slug":"the-cordoba-update-6-2016","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/cpi-geneva.org\/ar\/the-cordoba-update-6-2016\/","title":{"rendered":"The Cordoba Update 6\/2016"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"images\/joomlart\/article\/2d535442c2c0b0669d8f5a051ed00bcc.jpg\" alt=\"\"><!-- {lofimg src=\"\/images\/stories\/Cordoba-Update_logo.jpg\"} --><\/p>\n<div><strong>9<sup>th<\/sup> &#8211; 22<sup>th<\/sup> March 2016<br \/>\n<\/strong><\/div>\n<div>Cordoba Foundation of Geneva<em><br \/>\n<\/em><\/div>\n<p><!--more--><\/p>\n<style scoped=\"scoped\" type=\"text\/css\"><!--\ntd {\n\t\t\tbackground: #f5f4ef none repeat scroll 0 0;\n\t\t\tvertical-align: top;\n\t\t\tpadding: 6px 12px;\n\t\t}\n\t\tul {\n\t\t\tmargin: 0 0.5em 0 1em;\n\t\t\tpadding: 0;\n\t\t}\n\t\tli {\n\t\t\tmargin-bottom: 0;\n\t\t\tpadding-left: 9px;\n\t\t\ttext-align: left;\n\t\t}\n--><\/style>\n<div>\n<table border=\"0\" style=\"width: 100%;\" cellspacing=\"4\" cellpadding=\"4\" align=\"center\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td><span style=\"font-size: 10px;\">In line with the programmes and projects funded by partners of the Cordoba Foundation of Geneva, updates and information are included under the following themes:<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 10px;\">Islamist-Secular relations;<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 10px;\">Transition and Political participation;<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 10px;\">Relations between communities of different ethnic, cultural and religious affiliations;<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 10px;\">Violent extremism and the war on terror.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<p><span style=\"color: #902323;\"><strong>ISLAMIST-SECULAR RELATIONS \/ RELATIONS ENTRE S\u00c9CULIERS ET ISLAMISTES<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p><strong>Morocco, 09.03.16: Communication Resumes between Former Detainees and Human Rights Defenders<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>On 9 March, at the Moroccan League for the Defence of Human Rights (LMDDH), a meeting took place between a number of actors from different ideological backgrounds, including Ahmed El Haijj, president of the Moroccan Association for Human Rights (AMDH) and leftist radical; Abdelmalek Zaaza, a lawyer with close links to the ruling Justice and Development Party (PJD), which has a religious reference; and a number of members of the coordination for Salafi prisoners \u2013 themselves former detainees.<\/p>\n<p>The meeting between these diverse actors aimed to review recent developments in the Moroccan prison system that affect current Salafi detainees, however it was also an opportunity for these former Salafi detainees and militant human rights activists to improve relations. In the context of increasing security concerns, and the alleged activity of certain former detainees in coordinating groups travelling to Syria and Iraq for combat, the meeting is a positive sign of engagement between Salafi&#8217;s and others, in the interest of improving the human rights record of the nation. El Haijj stated that, &#8220;we will defend human rights in general, without prejudice.&#8221;<\/p>\n<p>According to one source, a mixed working group on the issue of Moroccan prisons may be created on the basis of this first meeting. Observers believe that this initiative would be an encouraging sign of cooperation between important actors in the country. This event is the latest in a number of demonstrated attempts of former Salafi detainees to assume an active and participatory role in Moroccan politics, and civil society (see The Cordoba Update, 03-16 November 2015).<\/p>\n<p><em>Links for more information:<\/em><br \/>\n<a href=\"http:\/\/telquel.ma\/2016\/03\/09\/contacts-danciens-detenus-salafistes-defenseurs-droits-humains_1486576\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">http:\/\/telquel.ma\/2016\/03\/09\/contacts-danciens-detenus-salafistes<\/a><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #902323;\"><strong>TRANSITION AND POLITICAL PARTICIPATION \/ TRANSITION ET PARTICIPATION POLITIQUE<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p><strong>Libya, 22.03.16: Faiz al-Sarraj&#8217;s Government of National Accord moving to Tripoli &#8220;within days&#8221;<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>The political deadlock persists in Libya with Faiz al-Sarraj&#8217;s Government of National Accord (GNA) unable to move from Tunis to Tripoli, despite al-Sarraj&#8217;s assertion that his cabinet will move to Tripoli &#8220;within days&#8221;, and rumours of ongoing preparations to host the GNA offices at the Arab Maghreb facilities, near the United Nations (UN) offices in Janzour district of Tripoli.<\/p>\n<p>Politically, a session of the House of Representatives (HoR) in Tobruk scheduled for 21 March did not take place for lack of quorum. The pro-Khalifa Hafter bloc continues to block attempts to endorse the GNA, even though United Nations Special Mission in Libya (UNSMIL) seems to consider the endorsement by both rival parliaments &#8211; General National Council (GNC) and HoR, as well as the amendment of the Constitutional Declaration &#8211; mere formalities that it is willing to overlook. Nevertheless, the European Union (EU) is in the process of imposing sanctions on the HoR president Aguila Salah, the GNC&#8217;s president, Nouri Bousehmin, and Prime Minister Khalifa al-Guouil. The 8th meeting of the Libya Neighbouring Countries Conference took place on 22 March in Tunis. In addition to Libya&#8217;s neighbours, representatives from the African Union, EU, and UN Special Representative of the Secretary-General attended. They lent support to Sarraj&#8217;s GNA, and reiterated their opposition to military intervention in Libya without a request of the GNA, once it assumes office in Tripoli. Observers of Libyan affairs noticed a significant change in the position of Libya&#8217;s Neighbouring Countries Conference regarding military intervention this time, in that their opposition is conditioned by a request from the GNA only.<\/p>\n<p>Meanwhile, a consultative meeting of the Constitution Drafting Assembly (CDA) kicked off on 17 March, in Oman. Despite the upbeat public relations campaign around the meeting, around 20 members (15 resigned and 6 boycotted) of the 60-member CDA did not attend the meeting. The reality is that, even if all these obstacles are overcome, two issues remain. First, Hafter&#8217;s role and future in the political system; and second, how al-Sarraj&#8217;s GNA will move to Tripoli without provoking violence in Tripoli.<\/p>\n<p><em>Links for more information:<\/em><br \/>\nReport of UN Panel of Experts on Libya, 9 Mar. 2016, (Summary pages 2-3, Recommendations pages 60-63)<br \/>\n<a href=\"http:\/\/www.un.org\/ga\/search\/view_doc.asp?symbol=S\/2016\/209&amp;referer=\/english\/&amp;Lang=E\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">http:\/\/www.un.org\/ga\/search\/view_doc.asp?symbol=S\/2016\/209<\/a><br \/>\n<a href=\"http:\/\/unsmil.unmissions.org\/Default.aspx?tabid=3543&amp;ctl=Details&amp;mid=6187&amp;ItemID=2099524&amp;language=en-US\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">http:\/\/unsmil.unmissions.org\/Default.aspx?tabid=3543<\/a><br \/>\n<a href=\"http:\/\/www.marsad.ly\/en\/2016\/03\/19\/al-sarraj-discusses-the-gnas-3-phase-plan\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">http:\/\/www.marsad.ly\/en\/2016\/03\/19\/al-sarraj-discusses-the-gnas-3-phase-plan\/<\/a><br \/>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=UNLYtoxGDqk\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=UNLYtoxGDqk<\/a><br \/>\n<a href=\"http:\/\/www.marsad.ly\/en\/2016\/03\/15\/final-report-of-the-panel-of-experts-on-libya-provides-grim-reading\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">http:\/\/www.marsad.ly\/en\/2016\/03\/15\/final-report-of-the-panel-of-experts-on-libya<\/a><br \/>\n<a href=\"http:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2016\/mar\/11\/france-pushes-for-eu-sanctions-to-break-libya-government-logjam\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">http:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2016\/mar\/11\/france-pushes-for-eu-sanctions<\/a><br \/>\n<a href=\"http:\/\/europeansanctions.com\/category\/libya\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">http:\/\/europeansanctions.com\/category\/libya\/<\/a><br \/>\n<a href=\"http:\/\/www.aps.dz\/monde\/39038-d%C3%A9but-%C3%A0-tunis-de-la-8e-r%C3%A9union-des-pays-voisins-de-la-libye\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">http:\/\/www.aps.dz\/monde\/39038<\/a><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #902323;\"><strong>IRAQ, 18.03.16: PROTESTS AGAINST IRAQI GOVERNMENT CORRUPTION IN BAGHDAD AND THE DIFFICULTIES OF POLITICAL PARTICIPATION<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p>The influential Iraqi cleric, Muqtada al-Sadr, organised large-scale protests against government corruption on the fringes of the Baghdad fortified &#8216;Green Zone&#8221;; a vast restricted area in central Baghdad, and the location of key state institutions and foreign embassies. Despite a government ban, estimated thousands of Iraqis picketed the Green Zone gates, demanding an end to nepotism and patronage in state institutions. Al-Sadr has called for Iraqi Prime Minister, Haider al-Abadi, to replace the country&#8217;s cabinet ministers with non-political technocrats, to offset rampant government corruption. In a very recent scandal, the parliamentary auditing committee estimated that approximately 130 billion USD has disappeared from Iraq&#8217;s Defence Ministry budget.<\/p>\n<p>Al-Abadi is currently working on such reforms in the government, but faces numerous obstacles in the weakened and divided political system. On 20 March, Iraq marked 13 years since the US-led invasion that ultimately deposed the long-time autocrat Saddam Hussein, since when the issue of political identity has been of increasing importance. The violent change in leadership resulted in a new political system based on federalism and multi-confessional representation, whereby government appointments and military commands, among others, must reflect the social components of the Iraqi people \u2014 Arab Shi&#8217;a and Sunna, Kurds, Christians, Turkmens and others. Until now, the government has often been paralysed by its own system of representation, and its limited ability to establish control beyond Baghdad.<\/p>\n<p>Indeed, the realities of Iraqi government impotence and corruption are well-known. Anti-corruption demonstrations have been ongoing since the middle of 2015, represented by a wide cross-section of Iraqi society. However, al-Sadr&#8217;s involvement in the latest protest has raised the concerns of some who fear the growing influence of religious, Islamist forces in Iraq. Al-Sadr&#8217;s political trend is currently represented by al-Ahrar bloc, which commands 34 of 328 parliamentary seats, but many observers are more concerned with the increasing presence and power of Iraqi &#8220;hashd&#8221;, popular mobilisation groups, or militias, which also espouse a religious identity. The hashd have been empowered by long years of political instability and violent conflict in Iraq \u2013 and armed alternatively by external actors, or the central government itself. According to the Boston Globe, well-established groups like Asaib Ahl al-Haq, the Hezbollah Brigades, Badr, and the Peace Brigades, have proven links to political parties in the Iraqi government.<\/p>\n<p>These are just two issues of government reform in Iraq, reflecting major barriers to effective political representation and participation for the majority of Iraqis. In the context of the ongoing conflict with violent groups including the so-called Islamic State, and others, these reforms may contribute to re-establishing confidence in the central government.<\/p>\n<p><em>Links for more information:<\/em><br \/>\n<a href=\"http:\/\/www.aljazeera.net\/news\/arabic\/2016\/3\/18\/%D8%A3%D9%86%D8%B5%D8%A7%D8%B1-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B5%D8%AF%D8%B1-%D9%8A%D8%B9%D8%AA%D8%B5%D9%85%D9%88%D9%86-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%88%D9%85-%D8%A3%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%85-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%86%D8%B7%D9%82%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AE%D8%B6%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%A1\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">http:\/\/www.aljazeera.net\/news\/arabic\/2016\/3\/18\/<\/a><br \/>\n<a href=\"http:\/\/www.middleeasteye.net\/news\/thousands-march-baghdads-green-zone-protesting-corruption-132182130\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">http:\/\/www.middleeasteye.net\/news\/thousands-march-baghdads-green-zone<\/a><br \/>\n<a href=\"http:\/\/rudaw.net\/english\/middleeast\/iraq\/16032016\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">http:\/\/rudaw.net\/english\/middleeast\/iraq\/16032016<\/a><br \/>\n<a href=\"http:\/\/www.al-monitor.com\/pulse\/originals\/2016\/03\/iraq-public-officials-appointed-by-proxy.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">http:\/\/www.al-monitor.com\/pulse\/originals\/2016\/03\/iraq-public-officials<\/a><br \/>\n<a href=\"http:\/\/english.alarabiya.net\/en\/perspective\/profiles\/2016\/03\/21\/Moqtada-Sadr-Iraq-s-enfant-terrible-back-in-the-spotlight.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">http:\/\/english.alarabiya.net\/en\/perspective\/profiles\/2016\/03\/21\/Moqtada-Sadr-Iraq<\/a><br \/>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.bostonglobe.com\/news\/world\/2016\/03\/21\/fears-grow-iraqi-government-over-power-shi-ite-militias\/hHnGAGIPy9AB8QVbDdhykM\/story.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/www.bostonglobe.com\/news\/world\/2016\/03\/21\/fears-grow-iraqi-government<\/a><\/p>\n<p><strong>Morocco, 09.03.16: The Justice and Development Party under Continued Criticism<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Morocco&#8217;s ruling Justice and Development Party (PJD) has come under a steady stream of criticism in recent months, from various sectors of Moroccan society. The past fortnight has seen a continuation of this trend.<\/p>\n<p>The leaders of the Moroccan political opposition: Ilyass El Omari of the Authenticity and Modernity Party (PAM) and Driss Lachgar of the Socialist Union of Popular Forces (USFP), have argued that the PJD has not succeeded in implementing the 2011 Constitution, which was drafted in response to the social pressures of the 2011 uprisings in Tunisia, Egypt and others.<\/p>\n<p>One key criticism, made by El Omari, is that the PJD has not facilitated a participatory approach to national politics. Furthermore, the president of the Chamber of Councillors, and member of PAM, Hakim Benchemach, alleged that the Moroccan Prime Minister, Abdelilah Benkirane, has not respected the constitution by failing to accord opposition parties greater influence over national policies. Lachgar also opined that the PJD has used parliament as a platform for violent discourse against members of the opposition, and further criticised its slow legislative action and presumed failure to establish targets in combatting corruption.<\/p>\n<p>The PJD has also faced mounting criticism and opposition from civil society actors, including ongoing action by teacher trainees and diverse unionists. Following an incident where A. Benkirane was verbally abused by an audience of teacher trainees at a press conference, on 7 March, protests against the Moroccan government have picked up pace. According to the organisers of the national coordination of protests, the number of participating teachers and trainees is in the thousands nation-wide. The PJD has held several meetings with the leaders of the national coordination since these protests began more than five months ago, but so far their proposals have been rejected.<\/p>\n<p>In addition to the teacher trainees, five Moroccan unions, including the Moroccan Union for Work (UMT); the Moroccan Confederation for Work (CDT) and the Moroccan Federation of Work (FDT); the General Union for Moroccan Workers (UGTM) and the National Syndicate for Higher Education (SNES), have announced a three-month programme for action against the ruling government. According to Abderrahmane Azzouzi, Secretary-General of FDT, &#8220;the Moroccan government does not want to establish a social dialogue and does not listen to our proposals for a number of issues, notably retirement reforms, and salary increases for employees.&#8221; On 16 March, the Secretary-General of the UMT, Miloudi Moukharik, stated that the syndicates may use recourse to a sanction on the government, if the PJD maintains its current position. The tension between the central government and the unions has been ongoing since October 2015, when A. Benkirane made a televised announcement of reforms to retirement expected in 2016.<\/p>\n<p>The ongoing, public disagreement between the Moroccan government, its opposition and its civil society actors, has been a source of tension for months. Some observers note that the PJD has been slow to respond to the gradually expanding expressions of discontent, especially within the urban centres of Casablanca and Rabat. The absence of a concerted reaction by the PJD will be detrimental to its political tenure, particularly as a party that came to power on a populist mandate, supported by socially and economically disenfranchised Moroccans.<\/p>\n<p><em>Links for more information:<\/em><br \/>\n<a href=\"http:\/\/telquel.ma\/2016\/03\/11\/el-omari-gouvernement-na-pas-mis-en-oeuvre-constitution_1486712\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">http:\/\/telquel.ma\/2016\/03\/11\/el-omari-gouvernement-na-pas-mis-en-oeuvre-constitution<\/a><br \/>\n<a href=\"http:\/\/telquel.ma\/2016\/03\/08\/pour-enseignants-stagiaires-benkirane-provoque-contestations-oujda_1486261\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">http:\/\/telquel.ma\/2016\/03\/08\/pour-enseignants-stagiaires-benkirane-provoque-contestations<\/a><br \/>\n<a href=\"http:\/\/www.lakome2.com\/societe\/12424.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">http:\/\/www.lakome2.com\/societe\/12424.html<\/a><br \/>\n<a href=\"http:\/\/telquel.ma\/2016\/03\/07\/les-syndicats-annoncent-trois-mois-protestation-contre-gouvernement_1486148\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">http:\/\/telquel.ma\/2016\/03\/07\/les-syndicats-annoncent-trois-mois-protestation<\/a><br \/>\n<a href=\"http:\/\/telquel.ma\/2016\/03\/16\/les-syndicats-annoncent-marche-nationale-3-avril-casablanca_1487600\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">http:\/\/telquel.ma\/2016\/03\/16\/les-syndicats-annoncent-marche-nationale-3-avril<\/a><\/p>\n<p><strong>Niger, 21.03.16: Le pr\u00e9sident voit son mandat renouvel\u00e9 et l&#8217;opposition fait grise mine<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Le pr\u00e9sident Mahamadou Youssoufou, a \u00e9t\u00e9 r\u00e9\u00e9lu au second tour de l&#8217;\u00e9lection pr\u00e9sidentielle du Niger. Organis\u00e9 le 20 mars, ce second tour aura vu le pr\u00e9sident sortant comme seul candidat. Le leader de l&#8217;opposition, Hama Amadou, ancien pr\u00e9sident de l&#8217;Assembl\u00e9e nationale, arriv\u00e9 deuxi\u00e8me au premier tour, d\u00e9tenu sur fond d&#8217;une affaire de trafic de b\u00e9b\u00e9s, s&#8217;est d\u00e9sist\u00e9 au dernier moment. Un \u00e9trange arrangement trouv\u00e9 en derni\u00e8re minute lui a permis d&#8217;\u00eatre \u00e9vacu\u00e9 en France pour des soins. Ses partisans, d\u00e9boussol\u00e9s, avaient d&#8217;abord appel\u00e9 au boycott, puis \u00e0 la participation, pour finir par maintenir le mot d&#8217;ordre de boycott. Du coup, le seul enjeu du scrutin s&#8217;est r\u00e9duit au taux de participation.<\/p>\n<p>Selon l&#8217;opposition, ce dernier n&#8217;a pas d\u00e9pass\u00e9 11%, alors que les partisans du pouvoir parlent de plus de 60%. La CENI, tr\u00e8s contest\u00e9e par l&#8217;opposition, n&#8217;a pas encore communiqu\u00e9 les r\u00e9sultats officiels.<\/p>\n<p>Suscitant des brins d&#8217;inqui\u00e9tude de certains acteurs internationaux (ONU, UA et UE, entre autres), les appels \u00e0 la retenue et au respect du jeu d\u00e9mocratique ont \u00e9t\u00e9 lanc\u00e9s \u00e0 l&#8217;adresse des acteurs de la sc\u00e8ne politique nig\u00e9rienne.<\/p>\n<p><em>Liens pour plus d&#8217;informations :<\/em><br \/>\n<a href=\"http:\/\/www.rfi.fr\/afrique\/20160321-niger-querelle-chiffres-autour-participation\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">http:\/\/www.rfi.fr\/afrique\/20160321-niger-querelle-chiffres-autour-participation<\/a><br \/>\n<a href=\"http:\/\/www.rfi.fr\/afrique\/20160321-presidentielle-le-niger-retient-son-souffle\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">http:\/\/www.rfi.fr\/afrique\/20160321-presidentielle-le-niger-retient-son-souffle<\/a><br \/>\n<a href=\"http:\/\/www.rfi.fr\/afrique\/20160319-presidentielle-niger-suspense-inconnue-taille-issoufou-hama-amadou-ceni\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">http:\/\/www.rfi.fr\/afrique\/20160319-presidentielle-niger-suspense-inconnue<\/a><br \/>\n<a href=\"http:\/\/news.aniamey.com\/h\/69853.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">http:\/\/news.aniamey.com\/h\/69853.html<\/a><br \/>\n<a href=\"http:\/\/www.tamtaminfo.com\/second-tour-de-presidentielle-sous-la-menace-jihadiste\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">http:\/\/www.tamtaminfo.com\/second-tour-de-presidentielle-sous-la-menace-jihadiste<\/a><\/p>\n<p><strong>Egypt, 17.03.16: New judicial crackdown on NGOs<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>A judicial committee overseeing a five-year-old investigation into several rights activists accused of receiving illegal funding for their NGOs from foreign sources ordered the freezing of assets of four Egyptian human rights activists and their families. Hossam Bahgat, who founded the Egyptian Initiative for Personnel Rights (EIPR) in 2004, and Gamal Eid, who founded the Arabic Network for Human Rights Information (ANHRI) also in 2004, were among the four whose assets were frozen today. U.S. Secretary of State, John Kerry, said, he is &#8220;deeply concerned by the deterioration in the human rights situation in Egypt in recent weeks and months, including the reported decision this week by the Egyptian government to reopen an investigation of Egyptian non-governmental organizations (NGOs) documenting human rights abuses,&#8217; adding that &#8220;restrictions on the space for civil society activity will produce neither stability nor security.&#8221; He urges the Egyptian Government to &#8220;work with civic groups to ease restrictions on association and expression and to take action to allow these and other human rights NGOs to operate freely.&#8221; Egyptian Foreign Minister Sameh Shoukry rejected criticism by his US counterpart, saying that such matters were the responsibility of the Egyptian government, which was working to implement the constitution. Egyptian MPs accused Kerry of interfering in the country&#8217;s internal affairs. Meanwhile, Egypt&#8217;s Social Solidarity Ministry announced the opening of a foreign NGO surveillance unit for observing and assessing the work of foreign non-governmental organizations operating in Egypt. The ministry has banned a total of 521 NGOs, the report stated, adding that their funds were worth LE496,310 million. On the other hand, the Egyptian passport has dropped on a scale of global visa restrictions in the last decade, making it more difficult for holders of the green passport to travel overseas. Egypt is now ranked 88 out of 104, on par with the central African country of Chad in terms of visa privileges. In 2006, it ranked 74 out of 104 on the worldwide visa restrictions index.<\/p>\n<p><em>Links for more information:<\/em><br \/>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/freedomhouse.org\/article\/egypt-freezes-assets-human-rights-activists\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/freedomhouse.org\/article\/egypt-freezes-assets-human-rights-activists<\/a><br \/>\n<a href=\"http:\/\/www.madamasr.com\/news\/2011-ngo-case-reopened-against-hossam-bahgat-gamal-eid-and-others\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">http:\/\/www.madamasr.com\/news\/2011-ngo-case-reopened<\/a><br \/>\n<a href=\"http:\/\/www.egyptindependent.com\/\/news\/court-mulls-freezing-activists-funds-new-judicial-crackdown-ngos-imminent\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">http:\/\/www.egyptindependent.com\/\/news\/court-mulls-freezing-activists-funds<\/a><br \/>\n<a href=\"http:\/\/english.ahram.org.eg\/NewsContent\/1\/64\/193225\/Egypt\/Politics-\/Egypt-court-freezes-assets-of-four-rights-activist.aspx\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">http:\/\/english.ahram.org.eg\/NewsContent\/1\/64\/193225\/Egypt\/Politics-\/Egypt-court-freezes<\/a><br \/>\n<a href=\"http:\/\/www.egyptindependent.com\/news\/social-solidarity-ministry-opens-foreign-ngo-surveillance-unit\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">http:\/\/www.egyptindependent.com\/news\/social-solidarity-ministry-opens-foreign-ngo-surveillance<\/a><br \/>\n<a href=\"http:\/\/english.ahram.org.eg\/NewsContent\/1\/64\/193321\/Egypt\/Politics-\/US-concerned-by-Egypts-investigation-of-human-righ.aspx\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">http:\/\/english.ahram.org.eg\/NewsContent\/1\/64\/193321\/Egypt\/Politics-\/US-concerned<\/a><br \/>\n<a href=\"http:\/\/www.madamasr.com\/news\/global-visa-index-more-restrictions-egyptians-traveling-abroad-under-sisi-mubarak\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">http:\/\/www.madamasr.com\/news\/global-visa-index-more-restrictions-egyptians-traveling<\/a><br \/>\n<a href=\"http:\/\/english.ahram.org.eg\/NewsContent\/1\/64\/193450\/Egypt\/Politics-\/Egypt-MPs-call-for-ban-on-foreign-funding-of-NGOs,.aspx\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">http:\/\/english.ahram.org.eg\/NewsContent\/1\/64\/193450\/Egypt\/Politics-\/Egypt-MPs-call<\/a><br \/>\n<a href=\"http:\/\/english.ahram.org.eg\/NewsContent\/1\/64\/193357\/Egypt\/Politics-\/Egypts-foreign-minister-rejects-US-criticism-of-ri.aspx\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">http:\/\/english.ahram.org.eg\/NewsContent\/1\/64\/193357\/Egypt\/Politics-\/Egypts-foreign-minister<\/a><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #902323;\"><strong>RELATIONS BETWEEN COMMUNITIES OF DIFFERENT ETHNIC, CULTURAL AND RELIGIOUS AFFILIATIONS \/<br \/>\nRELATIONS ENTRE COMMUNAUT\u00c9S DE DIFF\u00c9RENTES AFFILIATIONS ETHNIQUES, CULTURELLES ET RELIGIEUSES<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p><strong>Union Europ\u00e9enne (UE) &#8211; Turquie, 21.03.16 : Quelle applicabilit\u00e9 de l&#8217;accord entre l&#8217;UE et la Turquie et quel avenir pour les r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s ?<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Le 18 mars dernier un accord a finalement \u00e9t\u00e9 trouv\u00e9 entre l&#8217;UE et la Turquie. Si Angela Merkel notamment s&#8217;est f\u00e9licit\u00e9e de ce dernier, son applicabilit\u00e9 et sa conformit\u00e9 vis-\u00e0-vis du droit international sont remises en question. En effet, selon le Haut-Commissariat de l&#8217;ONU pour les R\u00e9fugi\u00e9s (HCR), le m\u00e9canisme de \u00ab sous-traitance \u00bb de la crise migratoire \u00e0 la Turquie ne garantit pas la priorit\u00e9 du \u00ab droit d&#8217;asile \u00bb, une primaut\u00e9 r\u00e9gie par le droit international.<\/p>\n<p>Dans les faits, cet accord entr\u00e9 en vigueur le 20 mars dernier est bas\u00e9 sur un syst\u00e8me d&#8217; \u00ab \u00e9change \u00bb de r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s. En effet, pour tout Syrien rapatri\u00e9 en Turquie, un Syrien sera \u00e9vacu\u00e9 par corridor humanitaire vers un des pays de l&#8217;UE. Cet \u00e9change est plafonn\u00e9 pour le moment \u00e0 72&#8217;000 personnes, car certains pays comme la Hongrie, refuse d&#8217;en accueillir plus. Il est \u00e0 pr\u00e9ciser que les 50&#8217;000 personnes toujours bloqu\u00e9es en Gr\u00e8ce \u00e0 cause de la fermeture de la route des Balkans, ainsi que les r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s d\u00e9j\u00e0 pr\u00e9sents dans les pays de l&#8217;UE, et les 12&#8217;000 r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s pr\u00e9sents dans le camp d&#8217;Idomeni \u00e0 la fronti\u00e8re mac\u00e9donienne, sont exclues de l&#8217;accord.<\/p>\n<p>La mise en \u0153uvre de l&#8217;accord semble compliqu\u00e9e, d&#8217;autant plus que les migrants continuent \u00e0 affluer en nombre sur les c\u00f4tes grecques. Ces derniers vont devoir attendre l&#8217;arriv\u00e9e du personnel qualifi\u00e9 de l&#8217;Union Europ\u00e9enne, sens\u00e9 encadrer le processus de rapatriement, avant de savoir quel sort leur sera r\u00e9serv\u00e9. Selon la Commission europ\u00e9enne, 4000 agents vont \u00eatre mobilis\u00e9s dont \u00ab un millier de personnel de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 et militaire \u00ab et environ 1500 policiers grecs et europ\u00e9ens. La Turquie s&#8217;est quant \u00e0 elle engag\u00e9e \u00e0 prendre \u00ab toutes les mesures n\u00e9cessaires pour emp\u00eacher la cr\u00e9ation de nouvelles routes maritimes et terrestres entre de la Turquie vers l&#8217;UE\u00bb (communiqu\u00e9 de presse de la Commission europ\u00e9enne,19 mars 2016, Bruxelles). Les tensions sont de plus en plus vives, notamment en Gr\u00e8ce, o\u00f9 afflux toujours de nombreux r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s. En effet, certains r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s se sentent d\u00e9laiss\u00e9s aux d\u00e9triments d&#8217;autres, car non \u00e9ligible au statut de \u00ab demandeurs d&#8217;asile \u00bb et des heurts \u00e9clatent entre diff\u00e9rentes communaut\u00e9s. Selon le New York Times en effet, les r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s afghans ont notamment \u00e9t\u00e9 \u00ab re-classifi\u00e9s \u00bb migrants \u00e9conomiques par certains pays europ\u00e9ens. Des violences commises \u00e0 l&#8217;encontre de migrants par la police mac\u00e9donienne ont \u00e9galement \u00e9t\u00e9 rapport\u00e9es par certaines organisations.<\/p>\n<p>Quel bilan tirer \u00e0 ce jour de cet accord ? Il semblerait que personne ne soit vraiment satisfait de l&#8217;accord. L&#8217;UE a d\u00fb d\u00e9laisser en partie son r\u00f4le de d\u00e9fenseurs des libert\u00e9s et droits individuels, notamment en raison d&#8217;une fragmentation de plus en plus accrue au sein de ses membres, et perd en ind\u00e9pendance. Les citoyens Turques d&#8217;une mani\u00e8re g\u00e9n\u00e9ral se disent d\u00e9\u00e7us de l&#8217;attitude de l&#8217;Europe. Le gouvernement Turque semble quant \u00e0 lui avoir r\u00e9ussi \u00e0 tirer son \u00e9pingle du jeu (reprise des n\u00e9gociations vis-\u00e0-vis de l&#8217;adh\u00e9sion \u00e0 l&#8217;UE, facilitation des visa pour les ressortissants Turques et des millions d&#8217;euros n\u00e9goci\u00e9s), m\u00eame si les dirigeants europ\u00e9ens ont rappel\u00e9 \u00e0 la Turquie, \u00e0 l&#8217;occasion de la signature de l&#8217;accord, qu&#8217;elle devait respecter \u00ab les normes les plus \u00e9lev\u00e9es qui soient en ce qui concerne la d\u00e9mocratie, l&#8217;Etat de droit et le respect des libert\u00e9s fondamentales, dont la libert\u00e9 d&#8217;expression \u00bb. Une modeste victoire pour les valeurs europ\u00e9ennes.<\/p>\n<p><em>Liens pour plus d&#8217;informations :<\/em><br \/>\n<a href=\"http:\/\/europa.eu\/rapid\/press-release_MEMO-16-963_en.htm\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">http:\/\/europa.eu\/rapid\/press-release<\/a><br \/>\n<a href=\"http:\/\/www.lemonde.fr\/europe\/article\/2016\/03\/19\/migrants-pacte-sans-gloire-entre-l-union-europeenne-et-la-turquie_4886207_3214.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">http:\/\/www.lemonde.fr\/europe\/article\/2016\/03\/19\/migrants-pacte<\/a><br \/>\n<a href=\"http:\/\/www.liberation.fr\/planete\/2016\/03\/20\/migrants-l-accord-turquie-ue-est-il-applicable_1440854\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">http:\/\/www.liberation.fr\/planete\/2016\/03\/20\/migrants<\/a><br \/>\n<a href=\"http:\/\/www.lorientlejour.com\/article\/976652\/les-migrants-continuent-darriver-sur-les-iles-grecques-malgre-lentree-en-vigueur-de-laccord-ue-turquie.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">http:\/\/www.lorientlejour.com\/article\/976652\/les-migrants-continuent-darriver<\/a><br \/>\n<a href=\"http:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2016\/03\/21\/world\/europe\/greece-struggles-to-enforce-migrant-accord-on-first-day.html?ref=world&amp;_r=0\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">http:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2016\/03\/21\/world\/europe\/greece-struggles-to-enforce-migrant-accord<\/a><br \/>\n<a href=\"http:\/\/tempsreel.nouvelobs.com\/monde\/20160315.OBS6429\/que-reste-t-il-de-schengen-voyage-dans-une-europe-en-pleine-desintegration.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">http:\/\/tempsreel.nouvelobs.com\/monde\/20160315.OBS6429\/que-reste-t-il-de-schengen<\/a><br \/>\n<a href=\"http:\/\/www.liberation.fr\/planete\/2016\/03\/16\/lettre-d-un-syrien-a-merkel-venir-ici-etait-la-plus-grosse-erreur-de-ma-vie_1439959\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">http:\/\/www.liberation.fr\/planete\/2016\/03\/16\/lettre-d-un-syrien-a-merkel<\/a><br \/>\n<a href=\"http:\/\/tempsreel.nouvelobs.com\/monde\/migrants\/20160318.OBS6679\/les-turcs-sont-faches-contre-l-ue.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">http:\/\/tempsreel.nouvelobs.com\/monde\/migrants\/20160318.OBS6679\/les-turcs-sont-faches-contre-l-ue<\/a><br \/>\n<a href=\"http:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2016\/03\/21\/world\/europe\/angela-merkel-faces-criticism-over-agreement-with-turkey.html?ref=europe\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">http:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2016\/03\/21\/world\/europe\/angela-merkel-faces-criticism-over-agreement-with-turkey<\/a><br \/>\n<a href=\"http:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2016\/03\/20\/world\/europe\/migrants-lament-as-deal-with-turkey-closes-door-to-europe.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">http:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2016\/03\/20\/world\/europe\/migrants-lament-as-deal-with-turkey<\/a><\/p>\n<p><strong>France, 21.03.16: 27\u00e8me Semaine de la presse et des m\u00e9dias dans les \u00e9coles (21-26 mars 2016)<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Alors que Salah Abdeslman a \u00e9t\u00e9 arr\u00eat\u00e9 en Belgique la semaine pass\u00e9e et que son proc\u00e8s va bient\u00f4t se tenir, la 27\u00e8me Semaine de la presse et des m\u00e9dias \u00e0 l&#8217;\u00e9cole d\u00e9bute ce lundi en France. Pourquoi mettre ces deux \u00e9v\u00e8nements en parall\u00e8le ? La question de comment traiter l&#8217;actualit\u00e9 dans le cadre scolaire, particuli\u00e8rement face \u00e0 la survenue d&#8217;\u00e9v\u00e8nements tragiques susceptibles de bouleverser les \u00e9l\u00e8ves, est un \u00e9l\u00e9ment en effet crucial. Les professeurs ressentent le besoin d&#8217;\u00eatre encadr\u00e9s et guid\u00e9s dans ce processus et cette demande de ressources p\u00e9dagogiques se manifeste notamment dans la hausse des \u00e9coles participant \u00e0 cet \u00e9v\u00e8nement (+7% par rapport \u00e0 2015).<\/p>\n<p>La Semaine de la presse et des m\u00e9dias \u00e0 l&#8217;\u00e9cole a pour but de \u00ab favoriser la rencontre entre le monde \u00e9ducatif et les professionnels des m\u00e9dias et de d\u00e9velopper chez les \u00e9l\u00e8ves une attitude critique et r\u00e9fl\u00e9chie vis-\u00e0-vis de l&#8217;information \u00bb. Elle aura notamment comme th\u00e8me d&#8217;\u00e9tude la &#8220;libert\u00e9 d&#8217;expression&#8221;. Dans le contexte fran\u00e7ais actuel et face au flux toujours plus important d&#8217;informations en continue, une sensibilisation au monde des m\u00e9dias et \u00e0 ses codes semble d&#8217;autant plus importante.<\/p>\n<p><em>Liens pour plus d&#8217;informations :<\/em><br \/>\n<a href=\"http:\/\/www.education.gouv.fr\/cid54348\/semaine-de-la-presse-et-des-medias-dans-l-ecole-%C3%83%C2%82%C3%82%C2%AE.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">http:\/\/www.education.gouv.fr\/cid54348\/semaine-de-la-presse-et-des-medias<\/a><br \/>\n<a href=\"http:\/\/eduscol.education.fr\/cid57969\/27eme-semaine-de-la-presse-et-des-medias-dans-l-ecole.html#lien1\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">http:\/\/eduscol.education.fr\/cid57969\/27eme-semaine-de-la-presse-et-des-medias<\/a><br \/>\n<a href=\"http:\/\/www.radiofrance.fr\/espace-pro\/evenements\/semaine-de-la-presse-et-des-medias-dans-l-ecole-2016\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">http:\/\/www.radiofrance.fr\/espace-pro\/evenements\/semaine-de-la-presse-et-des-medias<\/a><br \/>\n<a href=\"http:\/\/www.franceculture.fr\/emissions\/journal-de-8h\/barack-obama-porte-voix-de-la-dissidence-cubaine\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">http:\/\/www.franceculture.fr\/emissions\/journal-de-8h\/barack-obama-porte-voix-de-la-dissidence-cubaine<\/a><br \/>\n<a href=\"http:\/\/www.franceculture.fr\/emissions\/journal-de-8h\/bruxelles-en-deuil-mais-pas-terre\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">http:\/\/www.franceculture.fr\/emissions\/journal-de-8h\/bruxelles-en-deuil-mais-pas-terre<\/a><\/p>\n<p><strong>Bahrain, Kuwait, Saudi Arabia &amp; UAE, 11 \u2013 22.03.16: Designation of Hezbollah as Terrorist Organisation Puts Strain on Communities in the Gulf States<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Following the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) declaration of Hezbollah as a terrorist organisation on 2 March, the Arab League soon issued a similar official statement. According to one source, &#8220;nearly all members of the pan-Arab body supported the decision,&#8221; except Lebanon and Iraq, which expressed certain reservations with the move. Another key actor in this issue, Syria, is no longer a member of the regional organisation.<\/p>\n<p>Hostility towards Hezbollah has led to a series of important political decisions taken in the Gulf states, in addition to the cessation of aid, the imposition of economic sanctions and the moratorium on travel to Lebanon. In Bahrain, Kuwait, Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates (UAE), local and foreign individuals have been charged with numerous crimes relating to support for a terrorist organisation. The influential cleric Hussein Al-Radhi was arrested in Saudi Arabia on 21 March, on charges of preaching a message of support for Hezbollah and Iran during Friday prayers. In the UAE, two Emiratis and five foreigners are on trial. According to local press, one defendant is an Emirati police officer, accused of providing military information to Hezbollah; the other Emirati allegedly communicated details of interior ministry officials to the armed movement.<\/p>\n<p>Bahrain and Kuwait have also deported a number of foreign nationals with alleged connections to, or sympathy for, Hezbollah. According to one source, Kuwaiti authorities will prevent around 1,100 Lebanese and Syrian nationals from renewing their residence permits, because of alleged connections to Hezbollah. Kuwait recently deported 14 foreign nationals, including Lebanese and Iraqi citizens, for the same reason. According to a government official, the state security apparatus has prepared a list of the names of a number of Lebanese and Iraqi expatriates, working in a variety of local industries, to be deported in the public interest. These individuals will be also banned from other GCC member states. Similar decisions have been taken in Bahrain.<\/p>\n<p>The government policies are consistently framed within the discourse of combatting terrorism, however some observers see them as evidence of discriminatory treatment and targeting of Shi&#8217;a Muslims in the region. Since the early days of the so-called Arab Spring protests in 2011, a wave of activism spread through the region&#8217;s youth, and most notably in marginalised, Shi&#8217;a majority areas like Bahrain and the eastern province of Qatif in Saudi Arabia. According to some researchers, those protestors&#8217; demands for citizenship and equality have not been met. Consequently, the apparent targeting of Shi&#8217;a Muslims, in the ongoing pursuit of Hezbollah, could fan the flames of popular resentment towards regional governments. Coupled with faltering economic performance, and costly foreign wars, this strain on intra-Muslim relations in the region may provoke an unanticipated backlash against the GCC governments.<\/p>\n<p><em>Links for more information:<\/em><br \/>\n<a href=\"http:\/\/www.middleeasteye.net\/news\/arab-league-declares-hezbollah-terrorist-group-2032434298\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">http:\/\/www.middleeasteye.net\/news\/arab-league-declares-hezbollah-terrorist-group<\/a><br \/>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.alaraby.co.uk\/english\/news\/2016\/3\/15\/emirati-officials-on-trial-for-links-to-hizballah\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/www.alaraby.co.uk\/english\/news\/2016\/3\/15\/emirati-officials-on-trial-for-links-to-hizballah<\/a><br \/>\n<a href=\"http:\/\/news.kuwaittimes.net\/website\/1100-lebanese-and-syrians-cant-renew-visas-due-to-ties-with-hezbollah\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">http:\/\/news.kuwaittimes.net\/website\/1100-lebanese-and-syrians-cant-renew-visas-due-to-ties-with-hezbollah<\/a><br \/>\n<a href=\"http:\/\/alqabas.com\/5826\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">http:\/\/alqabas.com\/5826\/<\/a><br \/>\n<a href=\"http:\/\/www.elfagr.org\/2072972\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">http:\/\/www.elfagr.org\/2072972<\/a><\/p>\n<p><strong>Mauritanie, 22.03.16 : Le mouvement contestataire \u00ab Touche pas \u00e0 ma nationalit\u00e9 \u00bb \u00e9tudie la scission du sud mauritanien<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Selon des sources d&#8217;information, le mouvement contestataire de jeunes n\u00e9gro-mauritaniens, a entam\u00e9 des s\u00e9ries de consultations avec ses militants et sympathisants en vue de proposer une plate-forme exigeant la partition de la Mauritanie. Le groupe, qui a tenu son premier conclave la semaine derni\u00e8re \u00e0 Paris, affirme que toutes les voies devant mener \u00e0 la r\u00e9solution pacifique de la crise multiethnique dans le cadre d&#8217;un Etat unitaire en Mauritanie ont \u00e9chou\u00e9. Il a invit\u00e9 ses membres et sympathisants \u00e0 imaginer de nouvelles m\u00e9thodes de lutte \u00e0 l&#8217;int\u00e9rieur de la Mauritanie pour arriver \u00e0 une solution viable qui ne pourrait \u00eatre, dans son analyse, que l&#8217;ind\u00e9pendance du sud du pays.<\/p>\n<p>Pour rappel, un autre mouvement politique, les Forces africaines de lib\u00e9ration de Mauritanie (FLAM, auto-dissoutes en 2014), cr\u00e9\u00e9 par une partie de l&#8217;\u00e9lite n\u00e9gro-mauritanienne en 1983 avait fait de cette option l&#8217;une des propositions de solution \u00e0 la question de la cohabitation difficile entre arabes et n\u00e9gros-mauritaniens dans le pays.<\/p>\n<p><em>Lien pour plus d&#8217;informations :<\/em><br \/>\n<a href=\"http:\/\/www.alakhbar.info\/news\/14807-2016-03-22-09-33-23.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">http:\/\/www.alakhbar.info\/news\/14807<\/a><\/p>\n<p><strong>Mali, 18.03.16: Le gouvernement malien circonspect sur le \u00ab Forum de Kidal\u00bb<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Les diff\u00e9rents mouvements politico-militaires impliqu\u00e9s dans la crise malienne (MNLA, MAA, CPA, GATIA et quelques sympathisants d&#8217;An\u00e7ar Dine) envisagent d&#8217;organiser une rencontre \u00e0 Kidal dans le courant du mois d&#8217;avril. Ayant re\u00e7u l&#8217;aval du gouvernement malien pour participer \u00e0 ce forum qui a pour objectif de raffermir les liens entre ces groupes, les organisateurs se demandent si des repr\u00e9sentants officiels de l&#8217;Etat y prendront part. Le premier ministre qui avait donn\u00e9 ordre de d\u00e9bloquer une enveloppe de plus de 200.000.000 FCFA (plus de 300&#8217;000 EUR) comme contribution aux frais d&#8217;organisation ne semble pas assez chaud pour faire le voyage de Kidal, malgr\u00e9 les assurances de certains de ses proches.<\/p>\n<p>Autre question, les maximalistes au sein des mouvements qui exigent l&#8217;ind\u00e9pendance du Nord-Mali\/Azawad, alli\u00e9s de circonstances d&#8217;An\u00e7ar Dine, accepteraient-ils que le gouvernement malien se fasse repr\u00e9senter \u00e0 un tel conclave ?<\/p>\n<p>Par ailleurs, l&#8217;ensemble des chefs spirituels, les imams, les guides et les \u00e9rudits religieux maliens se sont donn\u00e9 rendez-vous au Centre International de Conf\u00e9rence de Bamako pour parler de la situation actuelle du pays. Etait pr\u00e9sent, entre autres, Modibo Ke\u00efta, premier ministre repr\u00e9sentant le pr\u00e9sident Ibrahim Boubacar K\u00e9\u00efta. Il y avait aussi plusieurs membres du gouvernement, le gouverneur du district de Bamako, les anciens premiers ministres du Mali, les repr\u00e9sentants des trois familles fondatrices de Bamako, le repr\u00e9sentant du Haut Conseil Islamique El Hadj Sidi Konat\u00e9, le maire de la commune III, le repr\u00e9sentant de l&#8217;Eglise catholique, le repr\u00e9sentant de l&#8217;Eglise protestante, le repr\u00e9sentant des corps diplomatiques, les consulaires et des invit\u00e9s venus de pays frontaliers.<\/p>\n<p><em>Liens pour plus d&#8217;informations :<\/em><br \/>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.maliweb.net\/la-situation-politique-et-securitaire-au-nord\/malgre-financement-forum-de-kidal-a-200-millions-loi-forceps-administrations-interimaires-regions-nord-kidal-seloigne-mali-a-nouveau-1486632.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/www.maliweb.net\/la-situation-politique-et-securitaire-au-nord\/malgre-financement-forum-de-kidal<\/a><br \/>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.maliweb.net\/societe\/1er-forum-international-leaders-guides-spirituels-musulmans-sauver-mali-luttant-contre-lextremisme-religieux-1488472.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/www.maliweb.net\/societe\/1er-forum-international-leaders-guides-spirituels-musulmans<\/a><br \/>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.maliweb.net\/la-situation-politique-et-securitaire-au-nord\/processus-de-paix-de-reconciliation-akal-ohar-bamako-se-positionne-1488552.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/www.maliweb.net\/la-situation-politique-et-securitaire-au-nord\/processus-de-paix-de-reconciliation<\/a><br \/>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.maliweb.net\/la-situation-politique-et-securitaire-au-nord\/rythme-indiscretions-forum-de-kidal-retour-aux-vieilles-habitudes-1486502.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/www.maliweb.net\/la-situation-politique-et-securitaire-au-nord\/rythme-indiscretions-forum-de-kidal<\/a><\/p>\n<p><strong>Egypt &amp; Cross-regional, 14.03.16: Al-Azhar head calls on Europe to support &#8216;moderate&#8217; Muslim institutions<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>The grand imam of Al-Azhar, Sheikh Ahmed El-Tayeb, told a German magazine that Europe &#8220;must support all moderate Islamic institutions that adopt the Al-Azhar curriculum,&#8221; adding that the curriculum &#8220;is the most eligible one for educating the youth.&#8221; El-Tayeb has been visiting Germany last week and will head next month to Paris, as part of a tour to facilitate dialogue between the East and the West. On 14 Dec., 2014, Egypt&#8217;s Al-Azhar issued a statement, refusing to declare the Islamic State (IS) apostates. &#8220;No believer can be declared an apostate, regardless of his sins,&#8221; it read. El-Tayeb said after Paris attacks last year, terrorism was a life philosophy whose adherents were willing to die, but it was not the by-product of any Abrahamic faith. It was rather an &#8220;intellectual and psychological disease&#8221; that used religion as a front. The Al-Azhar curricula is being updated following accusations of extremism, which has caused controversy among religious thinkers and authorities. About a year ago, the Egyptian presidency issued a statement that read, &#8220;Sisi stresses the need for Al-Azhar to continue to play its role in straightening out the religious rhetoric and eliminating any misconception to fight terrorism and extremism.&#8221; Meanwhile, Grand Mufti Shawki Allam travelled to India on 16 March 20166 to participate in the World Sufi Forum, an international conference on confronting terrorism and extremism. The conference, which will be attended by over 200 international scholars and spiritual leaders, will focus on how teachings of Islam can help fight terrorist groups.<\/p>\n<p><em>Links for more information:<\/em><br \/>\n<a href=\"http:\/\/english.ahram.org.eg\/NewsContent\/1\/64\/193277\/Egypt\/Politics-\/AlAzhar-head-calls-on-Europe-to-support-moderate-M.aspx\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">http:\/\/english.ahram.org.eg\/NewsContent\/1\/64\/193277\/Egypt\/Politics-\/AlAzhar-head-calls<\/a><br \/>\n<a href=\"http:\/\/thecairopost.youm7.com\/news\/199559\/news\/egypts-grand-mufti-attends-counter-terrorism-conference-in-india\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">http:\/\/thecairopost.youm7.com\/news\/199559\/news\/egypts-grand-mufti-attends-counter-terrorism-conference<\/a><br \/>\n<a href=\"http:\/\/www.al-monitor.com\/pulse\/en\/originals\/2015\/02\/azhar-egypt-radicals-islamic-state-apostates.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">http:\/\/www.al-monitor.com\/pulse\/en\/originals\/2015\/02\/azhar-egypt-radicals-islamic-state-apostates<\/a><br \/>\n<a href=\"http:\/\/english.alarabiya.net\/en\/News\/middle-east\/2015\/11\/21\/Egypt-s-top-Muslim-cleric-says-terrorism-uses-religion-as-front.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">http:\/\/english.alarabiya.net\/en\/News\/middle-east\/2015\/11\/21\/Egypt-s-top-Muslim-cleric-says<\/a><br \/>\n<a href=\"http:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/top-cleric-calls-for-educational-reform-in-muslim-world-1424713772\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">http:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/top-cleric-calls-for-educational-reform-in-muslim-world<\/a><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #902323;\"><strong>VIOLENT EXTREMISM AND THE WAR ON TERROR \/ EXTR\u00c9MISME VIOLENT ET LA GUERRE CONTRE LA TERREUR<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p><strong>Tunisia, 17.03.16: Launch of &#8220;Ghodwa Khir&#8221; Campaign Addressing Violent Extremism<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>On 20 March, the Tunisian Ministry for Religious Affairs launched the &#8220;Ghodwa Khir&#8221; (Tomorrow will be Better) campaign to sensitise the nation&#8217;s youth to a moderate interpretation of Islam through arts, culture and communication. An interactive website and a call-centre for answering questions about religion will be established in order to promote this ongoing campaign, which looks to use religious sermons, animated films, mini-series and religious programming to combat violent extremism. The campaign is set to use schools, cultural centres and other common spaces for young people in need of guidance. It is not limited to Tunisia either, but aims to sensitise young, second-generation Tunisians and expatriates too.<\/p>\n<p>&#8220;Ghodwa Khir&#8221; is expected to include the participation of religious leaders, teachers, and civil society, as well as promote communication between ministers for women&#8217;s, family and children&#8217;s matters. The Minister for Religious Affairs, Mohamed Khalil, also aims to establish a permanent team to manage this campaign, and to furnish local and international media with up-to-date information on its progress. Khalil announced that the Ministry will host a colloquium on &#8220;the position of monotheistic religions on the subject of terrorism&#8221;, which will feature the participation of the Chief Rabbi and the Cardinal of Tunisia. Additionally, a North African conference on the challenges of terrorism is expected to take place in the second half of 2016. The &#8220;Ghodwa Khir&#8221; initiative is expected to continue until March 2017.<\/p>\n<p><em>Links for more information:<\/em><br \/>\nGhodwa Khir homepage: <a href=\"http:\/\/ghodwakhir.org\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">http:\/\/ghodwakhir.org\/<\/a><br \/>\nGhodwa Khir Facebook page: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/ghodwakhir\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/ghodwakhir\/<\/a><br \/>\n<a href=\"http:\/\/www.gnet.tn\/temps-fort\/tunisie\/-affaires-religieuses-la-campagne-ghodwa-khir-contre-l-integrisme\/id-menu-325.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">http:\/\/www.gnet.tn\/temps-fort\/tunisie\/-affaires-religieuses-la-campagne-ghodwa-khir-contre-l-integrisme<\/a><br \/>\n<a href=\"http:\/\/kapitalis.com\/tunisie\/2016\/03\/17\/ministere-des-affaires-religieuses-lart-et-la-culture-contre-terrorisme\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">http:\/\/kapitalis.com\/tunisie\/2016\/03\/17\/ministere-des-affaires-religieuses-lart-et-la-culture-contre-terrorisme<\/a><\/p>\n<p><strong>Tunisia, 14.03.16: The 4th Arab Economic and Social Development Summit is Cancelled<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>The last issue of the Cordoba Update, No. 5\/2016, reported on the official Moroccan decision not to host the 27th Arab League summit, the breakdown in regional political and economic relations, and &#8220;the apparent lack of political will to solve current key issues such as trends in growing unemployment, falling oil prices, widespread intolerance, violent extremism and state repression.&#8221; Tunisia&#8217;s decision to cancel the 4th Arab Economic and Social Development Summit is the latest in a series of intra-regional diplomatic crises. The Summit was set to take place in Tunis, in May 2016, but according to media sources, the decision has been attributed to the country&#8217;s internal situation, as well as the Arab League&#8217;s loss of influence in the face of massive regional upheaval.<\/p>\n<p>Tunisia has experienced numerous violent attacks in recent months, in Bardo, Sousse, Tunis and most recently in Ben Guerdane, where 50 combatants, 7 civilians and 12 members of the Tunisian security services were killed over several days of fighting. In addition to armed groups&#8217; activities, the country has also witnessed a resurgence in protests against difficult standards of living, notably in Kasserine.<\/p>\n<p>Further afield, ongoing violent conflict in Egypt, Iraq, Libya, Palestine, Sudan, Syria and Yemen (7 of 22 Arab League member states) and a developing diplomatic crisis between the GCC states and others over Hizbullah&#8217;s role in Lebanese politics, are proving difficult to overcome for meaningful intra-regional cooperation.<\/p>\n<p><em>Links for more information:<\/em><br \/>\n<a href=\"http:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/309715\/politique\/tunisie-annulation-du-4e-sommet-economique-et-social-arabe\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">http:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/309715\/politique\/tunisie-annulation-du-4e-sommet-economique-et-social-arabe<\/a><br \/>\n<a href=\"http:\/\/sd.iisd.org\/news\/third-arab-economic-and-social-development-summit-issues-riyadh-declaration\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">http:\/\/sd.iisd.org\/news\/third-arab-economic-and-social-development-summit-issues-riyadh-declaration<\/a><\/p>\n<p><strong>C\u00f4te d&#8217;Ivoire, 13.03.16: Attaque contre Grand-Bassam: le spectre de l&#8217;AQMI plane sur l&#8217;Afrique de l&#8217;Ouest<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>L&#8217;attaque contre le complexe touristique de Grand-Bassam, non loin d&#8217;Abidjan, qui a fait 19 morts et plusieurs bless\u00e9s, repose, avec acuit\u00e9, la probl\u00e9matique de l&#8217;extension de l&#8217;action des mouvements violents \u00e0 r\u00e9f\u00e9rence religieuse en Afrique de l&#8217;Ouest. Ayant frapp\u00e9 plusieurs fois, ces derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es, en Mauritanie, au Mali, au Niger, au Nig\u00e9ria et au Burkina Faso, ces mouvements semblent imposer un maillage strat\u00e9gique de la plus importante zone d&#8217;influence fran\u00e7aise en Afrique.<\/p>\n<p>Relay\u00e9 dans ses actions par celles de Boko Haram dans les pays de la boucle du lac Tchad, AQMI enregistre des avanc\u00e9es de plus en plus inqui\u00e9tantes pour les d\u00e9cideurs politiques et militaires; non seulement de la zone, mais bien au-del\u00e0.<\/p>\n<p>Les r\u00e9gions vis\u00e9es par ces attaques, longtemps limit\u00e9es \u00e0 la Mauritanie, cible depuis 2005, et au Mali, base-arri\u00e8re de l&#8217;AQMI depuis le d\u00e9but des ann\u00e9es 2000, jusqu&#8217;\u00e0 l&#8217;intervention militaire fran\u00e7aise au Mali (janvier 2014), se sont \u00e9tendues plus au sud. Le Niger est \u00e0 pr\u00e9sent victime d&#8217;attaques sporadiques, d&#8217;envergure pour l&#8217;instant limit\u00e9e, men\u00e9es par Boko Haram. Le Burkina Faso, longtemps consid\u00e9r\u00e9 par certains analystes comme \u00ab le r\u00e9gulateur patent\u00e9 \u00bb des mouvements violents \u00e0 r\u00e9f\u00e9rence religieuse et leur \u00ab parrain \u00bb sous Blaise Compaor\u00e9, a connu \u00e0 son tour une cinglante attaque en janvier 2016, au moment m\u00eame o\u00f9 ce pays tournait, d\u00e9finitivement, la page de Blaise Compaor\u00e9 (1987-2014).<\/p>\n<p>Avec l&#8217;attaque contre le Grand-Bassam, c&#8217;est le tour d&#8217;un autre grand alli\u00e9, pour ne pas dire prot\u00e9g\u00e9 de la France en Afrique de l&#8217;ouest, de se retrouver la cible de telles attaques. Aujourd&#8217;hui, la peur gagne d&#8217;autres capitales ouest-africaines, notamment Dakar. Jusque-l\u00e0 rest\u00e9 \u00e9pargn\u00e9 des actions violentes de ce type, le S\u00e9n\u00e9gal compterait aujourd&#8217;hui des dizaines de jeunes engag\u00e9s dans des mouvements violents \u00e0 r\u00e9f\u00e9rence religieuse. Ils combattraient dans les rangs de l&#8217;EI en Libye, en Syrie et en Irak. D&#8217;autres S\u00e9n\u00e9galais auraient \u00e9t\u00e9 signal\u00e9s dans les rangs des katibas de l&#8217;AQMI, notamment au sein des \u00ab Mourabitoune \u00bb de Mokhtar Belmokhtar et de l&#8217;Emirat du Sahara de Yahya Abou Al Hammam, au Mali. Leur retour au pays pourrait pr\u00e9parer le lit \u00e0 une d\u00e9stabilisation qui pourrait beaucoup co\u00fbter \u00e0 ce pays o\u00f9 les mouvements soufis avaient jusque-l\u00e0, le \u00ab monopole \u00bb du champ religieux.<\/p>\n<p>Fait marquant dans toutes les actions r\u00e9cemment men\u00e9es par l&#8217;AQMI (Mali, Niger, Burkina Faso et C\u00f4te d&#8217;Ivoire): les ex\u00e9cutants \u00e9taient toujours un groupe de trois au minimum. Des analystes soulignent la participation r\u00e9guli\u00e8re de peulhs et de touar\u00e8gues dans ces attaques.<\/p>\n<p>Et la question que tout le monde se pose est celle de savoir si l&#8217;AQMI et les mouvements violents \u00e0 connotation religieuse ne sont pas en train d&#8217;instrumentaliser les communaut\u00e9s laiss\u00e9es en marge des processus politiques et de d\u00e9veloppement dans son combat. Ainsi, des observateurs rendent attentif au fait qu&#8217;en mettant en avant des combattants autochtones de souche peulhe ou touar\u00e8gue, deux communaut\u00e9s nomades se plaignant de marginalisation, ces groupes pourraient chercher \u00e0 transporter leur combat du champ religieux vers d&#8217;autres champs (sociaux, culturels et \u00e9conomiques).<\/p>\n<p><em>Liens pour plus d&#8217;informations :<\/em><br \/>\n<a href=\"http:\/\/www.alakhbar.info\/news\/14691-2016-03-16-18-19-37.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">http:\/\/www.alakhbar.info\/news\/14691<\/a><br \/>\n<a href=\"http:\/\/www.rfi.fr\/emission\/20160314-attaque-grand-bassam-terrorisme-cote-ivoire-nigeria-mali-tunis-burkina-senegal\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">http:\/\/www.rfi.fr\/emission\/20160314<\/a><\/p>\n<p><strong>Egypt &amp; Cross-regional, 19.03.16: Egypt&#8217;s struggle against terror<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Five Egyptian soldiers were killed and at least eight others injured on 17 March 2016. The attack took place when militants fired mortar shells at an army camp in the northern Sinai town of Rafah. Two days later, a mortar attack on a checkpoint in the North Sinai city of Al-Arish killed 15 policemen. The &#8220;Welayet Sinai&#8221; (&#8220;Province of Sinai&#8221;) group claimed responsibility for the attack, but said in a statement that it had deployed a suicide bomber who blew up a car at the checkpoint. These attacks came amid growing tension over Giulio Regeni&#8217;s murder as an official Russian report suggesting that &#8220;criminal activity&#8221; was behind the deadly crash of a Metrojet in central Sinai in October 2015 was referred to the Attorney General by Egypt&#8217;s independent investigations committee on 17 March, the first indication it suspects foul play. Rome&#8217;s chief prosecutor Giuseppe Pignatone arrived in Cairo on 14 March 2016 to meet with Egypt&#8217;s Prosecutor General. A week ago, a European parliament resolution, which was overwhelmingly passed by a vote of 588-10, with 59 abstentions on 10 March 2016, condemned the suspected torture and murder of Italian researcher Giulio Regeni by Egyptian security forces. The resolution called for Egypt&#8217;s total cooperation in the investigation and also sharply criticized EU members which it claimed had turned a blind eye to reports about Egypt&#8217;s systematic human rights abuses. Meanwhile, Egypt&#8217;s Ministry of Foreign Affairs slammed on 18 March a report published on CNN about the political and security situation in Egypt, describing it as &#8220;unprofessional&#8221; and &#8220;lacking objectivity.&#8221; The CNN report mentioned that Egypt had failed to combat terrorism, that ISIS-affiliated groups were gaining more control in Sinai, and that Egypt was facing multiple crises including jihadist threats and economic challenges.<\/p>\n<p><em>Links for more information:<\/em><br \/>\n<a href=\"http:\/\/www.madamasr.com\/news\/italian-prosecutor-arrives-cairo-egypt-hands-over-full-case-file-regeni-murder\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">http:\/\/www.madamasr.com\/news\/italian-prosecutor-arrives-cairo-egypt-hands-over-full-case-file-regeni-murder<\/a><br \/>\n<a href=\"http:\/\/aa.com.tr\/en\/world\/15-egyptian-security-personnel-killed-in-sinai-attack\/540723\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">http:\/\/aa.com.tr\/en\/world\/15-egyptian-security-personnel-killed-in-sinai-attack\/540723<\/a><br \/>\n<a href=\"http:\/\/www.egyptindependent.com\/news\/committee-crashed-russian-plane-sinai-refers-case-egypt-attorney-general\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">http:\/\/www.egyptindependent.com\/news\/committee-crashed-russian-plane-sinai-refers-case-egypt-attorney-general<\/a><br \/>\n<a href=\"http:\/\/english.ahram.org.eg\/NewsContent\/1\/64\/193194\/Egypt\/Politics-\/UPDATED-Russian-report-on-Sinai-plane-crash-referr.aspx\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">http:\/\/english.ahram.org.eg\/NewsContent\/1\/64\/193194\/Egypt\/Politics-\/UPDATED-Russian-report-on-Sinai-plane-crash<\/a><br \/>\n<a href=\"http:\/\/english.ahram.org.eg\/NewsContent\/1\/64\/193201\/Egypt\/Politics-\/Five-soldiers-killed-in-North-Sinai-explosion-Medi.aspx\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">http:\/\/english.ahram.org.eg\/NewsContent\/1\/64\/193201\/Egypt\/Politics-\/Five-soldiers-killed-in-North-Sinai-explosion<\/a><br \/>\n<a href=\"http:\/\/english.ahram.org.eg\/NewsContent\/1\/64\/137836\/Egypt\/Politics-\/Egypt%E2%80%99s-foreign-ministry-slams-CNN-over-terrorism-.aspx\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">http:\/\/english.ahram.org.eg\/NewsContent\/1\/64\/137836\/Egypt\/Politics-\/Egypt<\/a><br \/>\n<a href=\"http:\/\/www.europarl.europa.eu\/sides\/getDoc.do?pubRef=-%2F%2FEP%2F%2FTEXT+MOTION+B8-2016-0338+0+DOC+XML+V0%2F%2FEN&amp;language=EN\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">http:\/\/www.europarl.europa.eu\/sides\/<\/a><br \/>\n<a href=\"http:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2016\/mar\/10\/european-parliament-condemns-killing-of-giulio-regeni-in-egypt\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">http:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2016\/mar\/10\/european-parliament-condemns-killing-of-giulio-regeni-in-egypt<\/a><\/p>\n<p><strong>Egypt, 16.03.16: Hamas visit to Egypt<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>On 6 March 2016, Egypt&#8217;s interior minister said that leaders of the Muslim Brotherhood in Turkey and the group&#8217;s Palestinian offshoot Hamas were behind the assassination of Egypt&#8217;s prosecutor-general Hisham Barakat on 29 June 2015. Two weeks later, a Hamas delegation was invited to meet with Egyptian intelligence officials in Cairo to &#8220;open a new phase of relations with our brothers in Egypt&#8221; as the deputy chief of the political bureau for Gaza&#8217;s Hamas, Moussa Abu Marzouq said. A Hamas delegation made a five-day visit to Cairo for the first time since the Muslim Brotherhood regime in Egypt was overthrown on July 3, 2013. Khalil Al-Hayya, a member of Hamas&#8217; political bureau, issued a statement on Hamas&#8217; visit to Egypt, affirming that Hamas&#8217; meetings with Egyptian officials were transparent, and that Hamas called for an easing of the Palestinian people&#8217;s suffering. He added &#8220;we reaffirm our commitment to the stability and security of Egypt and our policy of non-interference in Egypt&#8217;s internal affairs. We certainly condemn all that would undermine Egyptian national security&#8230; We also reaffirm our duty to protect the border between the Gaza Strip and Egypt and to take all necessary actions for this purpose.&#8221; It seems that the visit is an attempt to ease increased tensions over accusations that the group was involved in the assassination of Barakat and other accusations of aiding Islamist militants in North Sinai.<\/p>\n<p><em>Links for more information:<\/em><br \/>\n<a href=\"http:\/\/www.ikhwanweb.com\/article.php?id=32476\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">http:\/\/www.ikhwanweb.com\/article.php?id=32476<\/a><br \/>\n<a href=\"http:\/\/cnsnews.com\/news\/article\/umar-elbieh\/hamas-wants-better-ties-egypt-faces-demand-it-sever-links-muslim\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">http:\/\/cnsnews.com\/news\/article\/umar-elbieh\/hamas-wants-better-ties-egypt-faces-demand-it-sever-links-muslim<\/a><br \/>\n<a href=\"http:\/\/www.al-monitor.com\/pulse\/originals\/2016\/03\/hamas-visit-egypt-renew-relationship.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">http:\/\/www.al-monitor.com\/pulse\/originals\/2016\/03\/hamas-visit-egypt-renew-relationship.html<\/a><\/p>\n<hr>\n<p><em>The views and perspectives contained in the Weekly Update are from individual contributors and external sources, and do not necessarily reflect the opinions or position of the Cordoba Foundation of Geneva. The links are neither intended as an endorsement of particular publications nor the only source for the updates, but to connect to information in the public domain, for those interested in background or further details.<\/em><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>9th &#8211; 22th March 2016 Cordoba Foundation of Geneva<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":5091,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[14],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-538","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-newsletter"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.3 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>The Cordoba Update 6\/2016 - Cordoba Peace Institute | \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/cpi-geneva.org\/ar\/the-cordoba-update-6-2016\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"ar_AR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"The Cordoba Update 6\/2016 - 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