{"id":532,"date":"2015-12-16T07:11:42","date_gmt":"2015-12-16T07:11:42","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/cpi-geneva.org\/ar\/2015\/12\/16\/the-cordoba-update-02-15122015\/"},"modified":"2023-05-31T00:30:58","modified_gmt":"2023-05-30T23:30:58","slug":"the-cordoba-update-02-15122015","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/cpi-geneva.org\/ar\/the-cordoba-update-02-15122015\/","title":{"rendered":"The Cordoba Update 02-15.12.2015"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"images\/joomlart\/article\/78a1f76203c562c3d7c318765865da44.jpg\" alt=\"\"><!-- {lofimg src=\"\/images\/stories\/Cordoba-Update_logo.jpg\"} --><\/p>\n<div><strong>2<sup>nd<\/sup> &#8211; 15<sup>st<\/sup> December 2015<\/strong><\/div>\n<div>Cordoba Foundation of Geneva<em><br \/>\n<\/em><\/div>\n<p><!--more--><\/p>\n<style scoped=\"scoped\" type=\"text\/css\"><!--\ntd {\n\t\t\tbackground: #f5f4ef none repeat scroll 0 0;\n\t\t\tvertical-align: top;\n\t\t\tpadding: 6px 12px;\n\t\t}\n\t\tul {\n\t\t\tmargin: 0 0.5em 0 1em;\n\t\t\tpadding: 0;\n\t\t}\n\t\tli {\n\t\t\tmargin-bottom: 0;\n\t\t\tpadding-left: 9px;\n\t\t\ttext-align: left;\n\t\t}\n--><\/style>\n<div>\n<table border=\"0\" style=\"width: 100%;\" cellspacing=\"4\" cellpadding=\"4\" align=\"center\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td colspan=\"2\"><span style=\"font-size: 10px;\">In line with the programmes and projects funded by partners of the Cordoba Foundation of Geneva, updates and information are included under the following geographical regions and themes:<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span style=\"font-size: 10px;\"><strong>North Africa:<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 10px;\">Islamist-Secular relations;<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 10px;\">Transition and Political participation.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-size: 10px;\"><strong>Sahel region:<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 10px;\">Interfaith relations;<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 10px;\">Relations between communities of different ethnic and cultural affiliation.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span style=\"font-size: 10px;\"><strong>Middle East:<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 10px;\">Relations between Muslim communities with different religious references.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-size: 10px;\"><strong>Cross-regional:<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 10px;\">Violent extremism and the war on terror.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<p><span style=\"color: #902323;\"><strong>ISLAMIST-SECULAR RELATIONS \/<br \/>\nRELATIONS ENTRE S\u00c9CULIERS ET ISLAMISTES<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p><strong>Tunisie, 11 d\u00e9cembre 2015 : Merzouk Quitte le Secr\u00e9tariat G\u00e9n\u00e9ral de Nidaa Tounes<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Mouhcen Merzouk a annonc\u00e9 vendredi qu&#8217;il d\u00e9missionnait du secr\u00e9tariat g\u00e9n\u00e9ral de Nidaa Tounes, tout en restant membre de ce parti, dont il a \u00e9t\u00e9 l&#8217;un des principaux fondateurs. Cela soul\u00e8ve la possibilit\u00e9 d&#8217;un schisme \u00e0 l&#8217;int\u00e9rieur du parti tunisien, apr\u00e8s des mois de dissensions internes, des d\u00e9missions en masse et des revendications de prise de pouvoir au sein du parti. Merzouk a estim\u00e9 \u00ab irr\u00e9aliste et irr\u00e9alisable \u00bb la proposition de la formation d&#8217;un comit\u00e9 de 13 membres s\u00e9lectionn\u00e9s par le Pr\u00e9sident B\u00e9ji Ca\u00efd Essebsi, afin de faciliter une m\u00e9diation entre les deux principaux groupes au sein de la crise du Nidaa Tounes (voir Cordoba Update, 17.11-01.12.2015). Il l&#8217;a qualifi\u00e9e de \u00ab demi-mesure \u00bb d\u00e8s lors qu&#8217;elle \u00ab ne contribue pas \u00e0 la r\u00e9solution de la crise, mais concourt \u00e0 son institutionnalisation \u00bb. Le conflit entre Mouhcen Merzouk et Hafedh Ca\u00efd Essebsi, fils du pr\u00e9sident, s&#8217;est cristallis\u00e9 sur l&#8217;accusation que ce dernier chercherait une prise de pouvoir dans le parti.<\/p>\n<p>Selon la presse, Merzouk a indiqu\u00e9 qu&#8217;il pourrait chercher \u00e0 former un nouveau parti politique, peut-\u00eatre en coop\u00e9ration avec ses partisans au sein de Nidaa Tounes. Le mois pass\u00e9, 32 parlementaires du parti \u2013 plus d&#8217;un quart de la participation totale du Nidaa Tounes \u2013 avaient d\u00e9missionn\u00e9 de leurs positions, \u00e0 cause de la dispute dans le parti, dans laquelle ils soutenaient Merzouk.<\/p>\n<p>Une d\u00e9mission de masse laisserait Ennahda \u2013 auparavant un membre minoritaire de la coalition politique \u2013 avec une majorit\u00e9 dans le gouvernement.<\/p>\n<p><em>Liens pour plus d&#8217;informations :<\/em><br \/>\n<a href=\"http:\/\/kapitalis.com\/tunisie\/2015\/12\/13\/mohsen-marzouk-demissionne-du-secretariat-general-de-nidaa\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">http:\/\/kapitalis.com\/tunisie\/2015\/12\/13\/mohsen-marzouk-demissionne-du-secretariat-general-de-nidaa\/<\/a><br \/>\n<a href=\"http:\/\/www.lapresse.tn\/14122015\/107658\/le-pouvoir-va-t-il-changer-de-main.html\">http:\/\/www.lapresse.tn\/14122015\/107658\/le-pouvoir-va-t-il-changer-de-main<\/a><br \/>\n<a href=\"http:\/\/www.middleeasteye.net\/news\/general-secretary-tunisia-s-leading-party-says-project-finished-1769973310\">http:\/\/www.middleeasteye.net\/news\/general-secretary-tunisia-s-leading-party-says-project-finished<\/a><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #902323;\"><strong>TRANSITION AND POLITICAL PARTICIPATION \/<br \/>\nTRANSITION ET PARTICIPATION POLITIQUE<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p><strong>Egypt, 12.12.2015: Security Authorities Try to Create a Pro-State Parliament Bloc<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Parliamentarians in the recently-elected House of Representatives have expressed doubts over a proposed pro-state bloc that seeks a majority in the chamber as rumors grow of security interventions obliging MPs to join the alliance. One member from the Wafd Party, Badawi Abdel-Latif, said that he was pressed by the state-security agency to join the coalition. However, Ahmed Ezz al-Arab, Wafd Party deputy chairman welcomed &#8220;allying with any parliament coalition that supports the state and President Abdel Fattah al-Sisi&#8221;. Meanwhile, the (liberal) Free Egyptians Party announced that it had declined to join the bloc. Finally, Abdel Ghaffar Shokr, the president of the (leftist) Popular Socialist Alliance Party, said negotiations with the Egyptian Democratic Party, Tagammu Party, and independent MPs were ongoing to form a parliamentary bloc of 20 MPs in a parliament made up of 596 seats.<\/p>\n<p><em>Links for more information:<\/em><br \/>\n<a href=\"http:\/\/www.egyptindependent.com\/news\/unease-security-intervention-mar-proposed-pro-state-parliament-bloc\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">http:\/\/www.egyptindependent.com\/news\/unease-security-intervention-mar-proposed-pro-state-parliament-bloc<\/a><br \/>\n<a href=\"http:\/\/www.egyptindependent.com\/news\/socialist-parties-seek-parliamentary-bloc\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">http:\/\/www.egyptindependent.com\/news\/socialist-parties-seek-parliamentary-bloc<\/a><br \/>\n<a href=\"http:\/\/english.ahram.org.eg\/NewsContent\/1\/164\/173243\/Egypt\/Egypt-Elections-\/Free-Egyptians-Party-refuses-to-join-proSisi-parli.aspx\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">http:\/\/english.ahram.org.eg\/NewsContent\/1\/164\/173243\/Egypt\/Egypt-Elections-\/Free-Egyptians-Party-refuses-to-join<\/a><\/p>\n<p><strong>Egypt, 12.10.2015: 625 Torture Cases in Egypt from January to November 2015<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>In a press conference on Human Rights Day, many human rights organizations condemned increasing violations by the Ministry of Interior in a manner that indicates they have been given free rein to abuse citizens using extralegal practices such as torture, enforced disappearance, and other arbitrary measures. According to the Stop Forced Disappearances campaign, there have been 125 cases of forced disappearances cases across Egypt in October and November 2015. The human rights organizations documented 625 torture cases in Egyptian prisons, including 51 cases of collective torture, between the period of January and November 2015. The press conference comes as a response to Abdel Fattah al-Sisi&#8217;s insistence that incidents of torture in police stations are rogue acts committed by individuals, and do not represent state policies. During a seminar at a Cairo police academy, Abdel Fattah al-Sisi praised the performance of security forces and said the police play a crucial role in ensuring the stability of the country. He said individual incidents of police violations should not prompt blaming of the whole security apparatus The Ministry of Foreign Affairs also issued a statement on the occasion of human rights day, saying Egypt is fully committed to the International Declaration of Human Rights.<\/p>\n<p><em>Links for more information:<\/em><br \/>\n<a href=\"http:\/\/eipr.org\/en\/pressrelease\/2015\/12\/10\/2475\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">http:\/\/eipr.org\/en\/pressrelease\/2015\/12\/10\/2475<\/a><br \/>\n<a href=\"http:\/\/www.dailynewsegypt.com\/2015\/12\/09\/125-forced-disappearances-in-october-november-report\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">http:\/\/www.dailynewsegypt.com\/2015\/12\/09\/125-forced-disappearances-in-october-november-report\/<\/a><br \/>\n<a href=\"http:\/\/english.ahram.org.eg\/NewsContent\/1\/64\/172485\/Egypt\/Politics-\/Egypts-Sisi-Individual-police-violations-should-no.aspx\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">http:\/\/english.ahram.org.eg\/NewsContent\/1\/64\/172485\/Egypt\/Politics-\/Egypts-Sisi-Individual-police-violations<\/a><br \/>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/MFAEgyptEnglish\/posts\/1521559698171614\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/MFAEgyptEnglish\/posts\/1521559698171614<\/a><\/p>\n<p><strong>Libya, 13 December 2015: Libya Developments: Libya-Libya Dialogue, UN-Sponsored Agreement, Leon Investigation and Rome Conference.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>In what is being called the Libya-Libya dialogue, members of the opposing Tripoli-based General National Congress (GNC) and Tobruk-based House of Representatives (HoR) met in Tunis on 6 December. Sadek Aoudh, vice-president of the GNC and Fathi Amich of the HoR, announced that they had reached an agreement on increased cooperation in &#8220;launching the basis of a transparent cooperation between the two sides in order to reach a political agreement ensuring the formation of a national unity government.&#8221; The text of the agreement emphasises the lack of foreign interference or preconditions in the meeting, and lays out a plan for the designation of a prime minister and two deputies within two weeks, by a group of five MPs from each government. The agreement also stipulates a return to the 1952 Constitution, with some amendments by a group of ten MPs from each government. This aims to ensure transitional governance until legislative elections can be held within two years.<\/p>\n<p>Both Aoudh and Amich called for United Nations and international support for the initiative, however so far it has been met with mixed reactions. It was largely hailed in many parts of Libya, and initially welcomed in Tunis and Algeria. The Organisation of Islamic Cooperation also supported the draft agreement. It was not, however, welcomed by ambassadors and special envoys of France, Germany, Italy, Spain, the United Kingdom, the United States, and the head of the EU Delegation to Libya, who warned against this initiative and insisted that the UN-brokered peace deal is the &#8220;only way forward&#8221; for the nation. By taking this &#8220;hardnosed stance the UN could be seen to be moving towards recognising its own Libyan government&#8230; a move that could embolden locally legitimate hardliners and even alienate potential supporters of the deal,&#8221; said Jason Pack, a researcher of Libyan history, on Libya-Analysis.com. Indeed, the position triggered frustration among Libyans who welcomed the Tunis draft agreement. A block of 82 GNC MPs, Libya Dawn armed group, the Fatwa House led by Sheikh Sadek Al Gharyani, the Salvation Front party, and the Muslim Brotherhood (not its political party) all support the draft agreement. The GNC and the HoR failed to then hold sessions to pass the draft agreement, however, Nouri Bousehmin, speaker of the GNC, and Salah Ghouila, head of the HoR, are due to meet on 15 December; apparently in an effort to lend the Libyan-Libyan draft agreement more support.<\/p>\n<p>UNSMIL&#8217;s political dialogue continues meanwhile. On 12 December, representatives of Libya&#8217;s rival parliaments &#8211; who did not take part in the Libyan-Libyan negotiations &#8211; agreed to sign a UN-sponsored agreement on 16 December. This will lay out the formation of a national unity government, which will be the first unified Libyan administration since its break-up in August 2014. The UN-sponsored document envisages a &#8220;multi-member presidential council to govern the country, consisting of a prime minister, five deputy premiers and three senior ministers,&#8221; that will give &#8220;more representation to tribal and regional political actors across the country.&#8221;<\/p>\n<p>Despite the international outcry over the Libya-Libya dialogue and agreement, and the apparent GNC and HoR preference for the UN-sponsored negotiations, some sections of Libyan society may be cautious of UN involvement, if they no longer perceive the organisation as a neutral arbitrator. Both peace initiatives run parallel to the recently-launched investigation into the former Special Representative of the Secretary-General (SRSG), and Head of the United Nations Support Mission in Libya (UNSMIL), Bernardino Leon, who is under investigation for his relationship with the United Arab Emirates, which supports the HoR over the GNC. Some parties see Leon&#8217;s acceptance of a job offer from the Emirati government as a blatant confirmation of his political bias, and so the scandal may severely undermine UNSMIL&#8217;s mediation efforts.<\/p>\n<p>On 13 December, Italy hosted international talks on the topic of the Libyan peace process; envoys included the US Secretary of State John Kerry, UNSMIL envoy Martin Kobler, 18 European and Arab ministers, and representatives of the GNC and HoR. Envoys expressed support for the national unity government, pledging support to help restore stability in the country. Along with the Italian Foreign Minister, Kerry and Kobler voiced optimism for the expected 16 December signing, but stressed that no authority would be recognised outside of the national unity government. According to the Libya Herald, they emphasised that the Central Bank of Libya, the National Oil Corporation and the Libyan Investment Authority &#8220;must function under the stewardship of a Government of National Accord&#8221;. The International Crisis Group (ICG) issued a statement on the &#8220;Political Deal for Libya&#8221; prior to the commencement of the Italy conference. The communique expressed support for the intensive diplomatic efforts exerted to bring Libya together through inclusive political participation, but also urged caution. It warned against the &#8220;risks associated with a precipitous rush to anoint a government without consolidating domestic support or addressing urgent security concerns,&#8221; further noting that prematurely ending national negotiations could &#8220;strengthen hardliners.&#8221; Importantly, the ICG statement points out that &#8220;granting recognition to a government that has insufficient backing will condemn it to irrelevance.&#8221;<\/p>\n<p><em>Links for more information:<\/em><br \/>\n<a href=\"http:\/\/www.middleeasteye.net\/news\/us-eu-capitals-say-un-only-way-forward-libya-peace-deal-136418944\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">http:\/\/www.middleeasteye.net\/news\/us-eu-capitals-say-un-only-way-forward-libya-peace-deal<\/a><br \/>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/EUinLibya\/posts\/929771757105537\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/EUinLibya\/posts\/929771757105537<\/a><br \/>\n<a href=\"http:\/\/www.middleeasteye.net\/news\/libya-rivals-pledge-sign-peace-accord-next-week-180719592\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">http:\/\/www.middleeasteye.net\/news\/libya-rivals-pledge-sign-peace-accord-next-week<\/a><br \/>\n<a href=\"http:\/\/www.libya-analysis.com\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">http:\/\/www.libya-analysis.com\/<\/a><br \/>\n<a href=\"http:\/\/arabi21.com\/story\/878093\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">http:\/\/arabi21.com\/story\/878093\/<\/a><br \/>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.libyaherald.com\/2015\/12\/13\/international-community-endorses-serraj-unity-government\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/www.libyaherald.com\/2015\/12\/13\/international-community-endorses-serraj-unity-government\/<\/a><br \/>\n<a href=\"http:\/\/www.crisisgroup.org\/en\/publication-type\/media-releases\/2015\/middle-east-north-africa\/statement-on-a-political-deal-for-libya.aspx?utm_source=Sign+Up+to+Crisis+Group%27s+Email+Updates&amp;utm_campaign=a815fb0c7e-libya-statement-mail-12dec15&amp;utm_medium=email&amp;utm_term=0_1dab8c11ea-a815fb0c7e-359271577\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">http:\/\/www.crisisgroup.org\/en\/publication-type\/media-releases\/2015\/middle-east-north-africa\/statement-on-a-political-deal<\/a><br \/>\n<a href=\"http:\/\/www.middleeasteye.net\/news\/warring-libyan-factions-reach-preliminary-peace-deal-officials-1995566319\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">http:\/\/www.middleeasteye.net\/news\/warring-libyan-factions-reach-preliminary-peace-deal-officials<\/a><br \/>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/world\/middle_east\/libyan-american-group-says-un-begins-investigating-ex-envoy\/2015\/12\/07\/167b6ca6-9d13-11e5-9ad2-568d814bbf3b_story.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/world\/middle_east\/libyan-american-group-says-un-begins-investigating-ex-envoy<\/a><br \/>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.stratfor.com\/sample\/analysis\/bid-upset-foreign-influence-libya\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/www.stratfor.com\/sample\/analysis\/bid-upset-foreign-influence-libya<\/a><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #902323;\"><strong>RELATIONS BETWEEN COMMUNITIES OF DIFFERENT ETHNIC, CULTURAL AND RELIGIOUS AFFILIATION \/<br \/>\nRELATIONS ENTRE COMMUNAUT\u00c9S DE DIFF\u00c9RENTES AFFILIATIONS ETHNIQUES, CULTURELLES ET RELIGIEUSES<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p><strong>Liban, 15.12.2015 : Un Pr\u00e9sident avant la Fin de l&#8217;Ann\u00e9e ?<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>La coalition du 14 mars va pr\u00e9senter un nouveau candidat \u00e0 la prochaine session du parlement appel\u00e9e \u00e0 se tenir mercredi 16 d\u00e9cembre prochain. En effet, apr\u00e8s 18 mois de vacance pr\u00e9sidentielle et 32 sessions parlementaires \u00e9chouant \u00e0 \u00e9lire un pr\u00e9sident, il semblerait que les d\u00e9veloppements r\u00e9gionaux aient pouss\u00e9 le 14 mars \u00e0 rechercher un candidat parmi leurs adversaires du 8 mars en la personne de M. Sleiman Frangieh, chef du parti maronite Marada. Les explications pour ce dernier revirement sont nombreuses, diverses et quelquefois totalement paradoxales.<\/p>\n<p>Les conditions pour un tel compromis auraient \u00e9t\u00e9 r\u00e9unies lors de la conf\u00e9rence pour la Syrie \u00e0 Vienne le 14 novembre pass\u00e9. A cette occasion, l&#8217;Arabie saoudite et l&#8217;Iran auraient pu se mettre d&#8217;accord sur la n\u00e9cessit\u00e9 de pr\u00e9server le Liban de l&#8217;instabilit\u00e9 r\u00e9gionale et ainsi sur la n\u00e9cessit\u00e9 d&#8217;en finir avec le statu quo. Apr\u00e8s quoi, le 17 mars, Saad Hariri a rencontr\u00e9 Sleiman Frangieh \u00e0 Paris lors d&#8217;une entrevue discr\u00e8te.<\/p>\n<p>La coalition du 14 mars a d\u00fb justifier son choix de proposer un ami intime du pr\u00e9sident syrien Bachar al-Assad comme candidat \u00e0 la pr\u00e9sidentielle libanaise. Ils soutiennent leur position en affirmant que l&#8217;heure du retrait de M. al-Assad est venue (politiquement via la phase de transition ou militairement) et qu&#8217;il est donc n\u00e9cessaire de rassurer ses alli\u00e9s au Liban. Ainsi, M. Frangieh pourrait, selon cette th\u00e9orie, avoir besoin de la protection politique que lui apporterait la pr\u00e9sidence.<\/p>\n<p>Une th\u00e9orie totalement paradoxale qui courrait parmi les rangs du 8 mars serait qu&#8217;avec l&#8217;arriv\u00e9e des Russes en Syrie, il serait devenu clair pour MM. Hariri et Jumblatt que la balance penchait pour les alli\u00e9s de M. al-Assad et qu&#8217;il leur fallait mieux alors choisir le moindre mal, c&#8217;est-\u00e0-dire proposer M. Frangieh pour \u00e9viter M. Aoun, candidat du 8 mars.<\/p>\n<p>A Bkerk\u00e9, au si\u00e8ge du patriarcat maronite, il semblerait que la pression soit mont\u00e9e pour faire en sorte que les quatre forces maronites se mettent d&#8217;accord sur le candidat, qui sera forc\u00e9ment maronite selon les accords de Taef. Les Forces libanaises et les Kata\u00ebb s&#8217;accordent sur la n\u00e9cessit\u00e9 de sortir du blocage via une personnalit\u00e9 de compromis, mais \u00e9mettent des r\u00e9serves sur le choix de M. Frangieh, notamment \u00e0 cause de sa position sur le conflit syrien et sur la question des armes du Hezbollah. Quant au Courant patriotique libre, il confirme son candidat, M. Michel Aoun, candidat soutenu par le Hezbollah.<\/p>\n<p>La candidature de M. Frangieh a remport\u00e9 le soutien de Washington, Moscou, Paris et Riyad. Alors qu&#8217;il semblait apr\u00e8s la conf\u00e9rence de Vienne que T\u00e9h\u00e9ran soutenait cette initiative ou, en tout cas, ne s&#8217;y opposait pas, sa position aurait chang\u00e9 et serait explicit\u00e9e par ses alli\u00e9s du Hezbollah qui confirmerait M. Aoun comme son candidat. Ce revirement pourrait \u00eatre expliqu\u00e9 par la crainte de l&#8217;Iran de voir son influence se r\u00e9duire dans la r\u00e9gion, et notamment en Syrie o\u00f9 les Russes semblent vouloir se d\u00e9barrasser de la domination iranienne depuis leur arriv\u00e9e. Une source mentionne \u00e9galement un march\u00e9 am\u00e9ricano-russe aux d\u00e9pens des int\u00e9r\u00eats de l&#8217;Iran en Syrie et en Irak qui laisserait T\u00e9h\u00e9ran sans r\u00f4le r\u00e9gional majeur.<\/p>\n<p>Avec tous ces diff\u00e9rents int\u00e9r\u00eats et ces acteurs locaux, r\u00e9gionaux et internationaux qui se m\u00ealent dans la question de la pr\u00e9sidence libanaise, il est difficile d&#8217;affirmer que les Libanais auront un pr\u00e9sident avant la fin de l&#8217;ann\u00e9e.<\/p>\n<p><em>Liens pour plus d&#8217;informations :<\/em><br \/>\n<a href=\"http:\/\/www.lorientlejour.com\/article\/960314\/presidentielle-le-pari-du-deblocage-pese-sur-bkerke.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">http:\/\/www.lorientlejour.com\/article\/960314\/presidentielle-le-pari-du-deblocage-pese-sur-bkerke<\/a><br \/>\n<a href=\"http:\/\/www.lorientlejour.com\/article\/960316\/le-compromis-frangie-saborde-par-les-craintes-iraniennes.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">http:\/\/www.lorientlejour.com\/article\/960316\/le-compromis-frangie-saborde-par-les-craintes-iraniennes<\/a><br \/>\n<a href=\"http:\/\/www.al-monitor.com\/pulse\/originals\/2015\/12\/lebanon-president-elections-hariri-jumblatt-franjieh.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">http:\/\/www.al-monitor.com\/pulse\/originals\/2015\/12\/lebanon-president-elections-hariri-jumblatt-franjieh<\/a><br \/>\n<a href=\"http:\/\/www.alquds.co.uk\/?p=437368\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">http:\/\/www.alquds.co.uk\/?p=437368<\/a><br \/>\n<a href=\"http:\/\/www.imlebanon.org\/2015\/11\/23\/jama-jarah-frangieh-meet-hariri-aoun-presidency-assad-syria\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">http:\/\/www.imlebanon.org\/2015\/11\/23\/jama-jarah-frangieh-meet-hariri-aoun-presidency-assad-syria\/<\/a><br \/>\n<a href=\"http:\/\/www.alaraby.co.uk\/english\/news\/2015\/12\/10\/us-backs-ally-of-assad-to-be-lebanese-president\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">http:\/\/www.alaraby.co.uk\/english\/news\/2015\/12\/10\/us-backs-ally-of-assad-to-be-lebanese-president<\/a><br \/>\n<a href=\"http:\/\/www.alaraby.co.uk\/english\/news\/2015\/12\/6\/lebanon-future-movement-warns-of-a-civil-war\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">http:\/\/www.alaraby.co.uk\/english\/news\/2015\/12\/6\/lebanon-future-movement-warns-of-a-civil-war<\/a><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #902323;\"><strong>RELATIONS BETWEEN MUSLIM COMMUNITIES WITH DIFFERENT RELIGIOUS REFERENCES \/<br \/>\nRELATIONS ENTRE LES COMMUNAUT\u00c9S MUSULMANES DE DIFF\u00c9RENTES AFFILIATIONS RELIGIEUSES<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p><strong>Yemen, 14 December 2015: Yemen Ceasefire and Peace Talks in Switzerland<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>A week-long ceasefire, set to begin at midnight on Monday 14 December, ahead of United Nations-brokered talks between parties in the Yemen conflict, was pushed to midday on 15 December. The so-called &#8220;Arab Coalition&#8221; led by Saudi Arabia, postponed the ceasefire when a Saudi special forces commander and Emirati officer were killed by Houthi shelling near Taiz in western Yemen. One source reported that up to 152 coalition forces were killed in the same bombardment, illustrating the very heavy casualties on both sides of the conflict. The UN estimates that more than 5,800 have been killed so far, about half of which are civilian casualties. An additional 27,000 have been wounded since March, with medical and humanitarian organisations warning the international community of the severe shortage in basic supplies including vital medicine and food. Other estimates say approximately 80 per cent of the Yemeni population requires humanitarian aid.<\/p>\n<p>The peace talks in Switzerland are the latest attempt at an international intervention in the conflict that is in its tenth month. They are set to last seven days, and the truce is expected to endure the length of the negotiations between three delegations, from 15 to 21 December. The UN envoy to Yemen, Ismail Ould Cheikh Ahmed, has said that delegations will include representatives of President Abd Rabbuh Mansour Hadi&#8217;s government, a delegation of the Houthi rebel militia, and officials from the General People&#8217;s Congress, who are loyalists of former president Ali Abdullah Saleh.<\/p>\n<p><em>Links for more information:<\/em><br \/>\n<a href=\"http:\/\/arabi21.com\/story\/878256\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">http:\/\/arabi21.com\/story\/878256<\/a><br \/>\n<a href=\"http:\/\/gulfnews.com\/news\/gulf\/yemen\/yemen-ceasefire-awaited-on-eve-of-switzerland-talks-1.1637331\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">http:\/\/gulfnews.com\/news\/gulf\/yemen\/yemen-ceasefire-awaited-on-eve-of-switzerland-talks<\/a><br \/>\n<a href=\"http:\/\/arabi21.com\/story\/878229\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">http:\/\/arabi21.com\/story\/878229<\/a><br \/>\n<a href=\"http:\/\/www.middleeasteye.net\/news\/yemen-houthis-saudi-arabia-peace-ceasefire-1303144639\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">http:\/\/www.middleeasteye.net\/news\/yemen-houthis-saudi-arabia-peace-ceasefire<\/a><br \/>\n<a href=\"http:\/\/www.defensenews.com\/story\/defense\/2015\/12\/14\/united-arab-emirates\/77289732\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">http:\/\/www.defensenews.com\/story\/defense\/2015\/12\/14\/united-arab-emirates\/<\/a><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #902323;\"><strong>VIOLENT EXTREMISM AND THE WAR ON TERROR \/<br \/>\nEXTR\u00c9MISME VIOLENT ET LA GUERRE CONTRE LA TERREUR<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p><strong>Cross-regional: 14.12.2015: France: Islamic State Moving toward Libya&#8217;s Oil<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>After French planes carried out surveillance flights over Libya last week, French Defence Minister Jean-Yves Le Drian said that the so-called &#8216;Islamic State&#8217; (IS) is spreading from its stronghold on the Libyan coast to the interior of the country, with the aim of gaining access to oil wells. Libya has 48 billion barrels of proven crude oil reserves, the largest in Africa and ninth biggest in the world. On 13 December 2015, Global powers backed the formation of a national unity government in Libya, pledging economic and security support to help stabilize the chaotic North African country where IS militants have a foothold.<\/p>\n<p><em>Links for more information:<\/em><br \/>\n<a href=\"http:\/\/english.ahram.org.eg\/NewsContent\/2\/8\/173464\/World\/Region\/ISIS-eyes-oil-as-it-advances-to-Libyan-interior-Fr.aspx\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">http:\/\/english.ahram.org.eg\/NewsContent\/2\/8\/173464\/World\/Region\/ISIS-eyes-oil-as-it-advances-to-Libyan-interior<\/a><br \/>\n<a href=\"http:\/\/www.ibtimes.com\/isis-libya-oil-used-islamic-state-may-expand-foothold-north-african-country-french-2224049\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">http:\/\/www.ibtimes.com\/isis-libya-oil-used-islamic-state-may-expand-foothold-north-african-country<\/a><br \/>\n<a href=\"http:\/\/www.france24.com\/en\/20151214-france-warns-islamic-state-isis-push-grab-libya-oil-fields\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">http:\/\/www.france24.com\/en\/20151214-france-warns-islamic-state-isis-push-grab-libya-oil-fields<\/a><br \/>\n<a href=\"http:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-libya-security-idUSKBN0TV0S920151213#lubWgzXq1Uc5WUbh.97\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">http:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-libya-security<\/a><\/p>\n<p><strong>Egypt, 14.12.2015: The Egypt-led Committee: no Evidence of Terrorist Attack in Russian Plane Crash<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>The Egypt-led committee tasked with investigating the causes of the Russian airliner crash is yet to prove the existence of &#8220;unlawful interference or a terrorist act&#8221;, said Ayman al-Moqadem, the leading investigator in the probe. He also said, in a statement by Civil Aviation Ministry, that the committee completed a preliminary report into the causes of the incident and sent it to all accredited representatives from countries that had the right to participate in the investigation. The report was also sent to the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO). Egypt also said it would hire a foreign company to help improve the country&#8217;s airport security. Days after the crash, Western and Russian intelligence agencies have indicated they believe an improvised explosive was smuggled aboard the plane.<\/p>\n<p><em>Links for more information:<\/em><br \/>\n<a href=\"http:\/\/en.aswatmasriya.com\/news\/view.aspx?id=d7b8b41d-60b9-4421-864a-85c016c6e30a\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">http:\/\/en.aswatmasriya.com\/news\/view.aspx?id=d7b8b41d-60b9-4421-864a-85c016c6e30a<\/a><br \/>\n<a href=\"http:\/\/www.madamasr.com\/news\/aviation-ministry-findings-russian-plane-crash-show-no-indications-terrorism\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">http:\/\/www.madamasr.com\/news\/aviation-ministry-findings-russian-plane-crash-show-no-indications-terrorism<\/a><br \/>\n<a href=\"http:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-egypt-crash-security-idUSKBN0TX1ID20151214#pKARy1vLtSX0Xluq.97\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">http:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-egypt-crash-security<\/a><br \/>\n<a href=\"http:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2015\/dec\/14\/no-evidence-of-terrorism-sinai-air-crash-egypt-says\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">http:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2015\/dec\/14\/no-evidence-of-terrorism-sinai-air-crash-egypt-says<\/a><\/p>\n<p><strong>Mauritanie, 26.11.15: Le Gouvernement Propose des Financements aux Anciens D\u00e9tenus Salafis<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Au lendemain des attaques de Paris, le gouvernement mauritanien, par l&#8217;entremise du directeur de la s\u00fbret\u00e9 de l&#8217;Etat (police politique, \u00e9galement en charge de la lutte contre le terrorisme), a annonc\u00e9 mercredi 25 novembre la convocation des anciens d\u00e9tenus salafis \u00e0 une rencontre dans les locaux de la police. L&#8217;objectif \u00e9tait de discuter des modalit\u00e9s de la mise en \u0153uvre de la seconde phase de la feuille de route issue du dialogue de 2010 entre le pouvoir et les ex-d\u00e9tenus salafis, portant sur leur r\u00e9insertion dans la vie active dans le pays. Par cette d\u00e9marche, le gouvernement a signifi\u00e9 son attachement aux r\u00e9sultats du dialogue ayant conduit \u00e0 la lib\u00e9ration d&#8217;une quarantaine de salafis, dont certains \u00e9taient lourdement condamn\u00e9s. Ayant effectu\u00e9 des \u00ab mouraj\u00e2at \u00bb (r\u00e9visions) au sujet de certaines notions de leur doctrine, notamment ayant renonc\u00e9 au recours \u00e0 la violence et reniant ainsi les agissements des mouvements violents \u00e0 r\u00e9f\u00e9rence religieuse, ces ex-d\u00e9tenus avaient re\u00e7u la promesse d&#8217;\u00eatre r\u00e9ins\u00e9r\u00e9s dans la vie active. Depuis 2010, les oul\u00e9mas (savants religieux) qui avaient supervis\u00e9 ce dialogue et assur\u00e9 la m\u00e9diation entre les ex-d\u00e9tenus et le gouvernement n&#8217;ont cess\u00e9 d&#8217;\u00eatre interpell\u00e9s sur les suites de ce processus, par les ex-d\u00e9tenus eux-m\u00eames et notamment par certains pans influents du clerg\u00e9 religieux conservateur, largement soutenu par une partie importante de la soci\u00e9t\u00e9. En effet, une part consid\u00e9rable de la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 appelle \u00e0 un dialogue avec les jeunes mauritaniens engag\u00e9s dans \u00ab l&#8217;aventure jihadiste \u00bb, au lieu de l&#8217;affrontement militaire ou la r\u00e9pression. Selon les adh\u00e9rents \u00e0 cette position, c&#8217;est de la r\u00e9pression f\u00e9roce contre les islamistes en 2003 qu&#8217;est n\u00e9e la radicalisation extr\u00eame de certains jeunes, ce qui les a pouss\u00e9s \u00e0 se joindre aux organisations dans les pays limitrophes (Alg\u00e9rie et Mali) ou ailleurs (Afghanistan, Pakistan et Soudan, entre autres).<\/p>\n<p>Parmi les options propos\u00e9es par des personnes anciennement affili\u00e9es \u00e0 divers mouvements violents \u00e0 r\u00e9f\u00e9rence religieuse, notamment Al-Qaida, le Groupe salafiste pour la pr\u00e9dication et le combat (GSPC), l&#8217;AQMI et le Mouvement pour l&#8217;unicit\u00e9 et le jihad en Afrique de l&#8217;Ouest (MUJAO), il a \u00e9t\u00e9 question d&#8217;allouer des cr\u00e9dits financiers aux anciens d\u00e9tenus leur permettant d&#8217;exercer des activit\u00e9s commerciales ou d&#8217;entreprenariat. Le gouvernement semble avoir ent\u00e9rin\u00e9 cette proposition. Une seconde rencontre devrait avoir lieu quand une r\u00e9ponse d\u00e9finitive sera arr\u00eat\u00e9e par le gouvernement sur les modalit\u00e9s \u00e0 mettre en place.<\/p>\n<p>Les anciens d\u00e9tenus concern\u00e9s par ce processus de r\u00e9insertion avaient \u00e9t\u00e9 impliqu\u00e9s dans plusieurs actions contre l&#8217;arm\u00e9e mauritanienne (Lemgheity en 2003, Ghallawiya en 2007 et Tourine en 2008, l&#8217;enl\u00e8vement d&#8217;un gendarme en 2012), ou contre des cibles occidentales install\u00e9es ou de passage en Mauritanie (assassinat d&#8217;un humanitaire am\u00e9ricain, l&#8217;enl\u00e8vement d&#8217;un couple italien et le rapt d&#8217;un groupe d&#8217;humanitaires espagnols, en 2009). D&#8217;autres avaient particip\u00e9 \u00e0 des actions de recrutement, d&#8217;encadrement, de filature pour des fins d&#8217;enl\u00e8vement et de collecte d&#8217;informations en appui aux actions des mouvements violents \u00e0 r\u00e9f\u00e9rence religieuse actifs au Maghreb et au Sahel. La plupart de toutes ces actions avait \u00e9t\u00e9 sp\u00e9cialement ex\u00e9cut\u00e9e pour le compte de la \u00ab katiba des Moulathamine \u00bb, alors affili\u00e9e \u00e0 l&#8217;AQMI et que dirigeait Mokhtar Belmokhtar, actuel chef de la \u00ab katiba des Mourabitounes \u00bb, entr\u00e9e en dissidence contre l&#8217;AQMI en 2013. D&#8217;autres parmi eux avaient \u00e9t\u00e9 impliqu\u00e9s dans des op\u00e9rations violentes en Alg\u00e9rie, au Mali et au Niger pour le compte d&#8217;autres bataillons, notamment celui d&#8217;\u00ab Al-Fourghane \u00bb que dirigeait Abdel Hamid Abu Zaid, tu\u00e9 en 2012 au Mali par l&#8217;op\u00e9ration Serval.<\/p>\n<p>Avec l&#8217;\u00e9mergence fulgurante de l&#8217;organisation du soi-disant Etat islamique (EI) et ses tentatives de supplanter Al-Qaida en Afrique du Nord et au Sahel, le gouvernement mauritanien, engag\u00e9 dans une logique d&#8217;anticipation, pourrait vouloir atteindre deux objectifs imm\u00e9diats. D&#8217;abord, mettre \u00e0 jour la liste des ex-d\u00e9tenus qui ont tenu \u00e0 leur promesse de renier l&#8217;action violente et qui demeurent encore dans le pays. Ensuite, mettre tous les moyens en \u0153uvre pour \u00e9viter une \u00e9ventuelle r\u00e9cup\u00e9ration par l&#8217;EI de ces anciennes recrues des mouvements violents \u00e0 r\u00e9f\u00e9rence religieuse, d\u00e9s\u0153uvr\u00e9es et attendant depuis 2010 que l&#8217;Etat respecte sa promesse de leur offrir l&#8217;opportunit\u00e9 de s&#8217;engager pleinement dans une nouvelle vie.<\/p>\n<p>Pour le premier objectif, seuls trois des anciens d\u00e9tenus lib\u00e9r\u00e9s ont repris le chemin vers les bastions des mouvements violents au nord Mali. Aux derni\u00e8res nouvelles, deux d&#8217;entre eux auraient p\u00e9ri dans diverses op\u00e9rations men\u00e9es par Serval. Pour le second, la balle est dans le camp du gouvernement, seul ma\u00eetre de sa strat\u00e9gie.<\/p>\n<p><em>Liens pour plus d&#8217;informations :<\/em><br \/>\n<a href=\"http:\/\/www.mondafrique.com\/la-police-mauritanienne-veut-aider-les-salafistes\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">http:\/\/www.mondafrique.com\/la-police-mauritanienne-veut-aider-les-salafistes\/<\/a><\/p>\n<p><strong>Saudi Arabia, 14 December 2015: The &#8220;Islamic World&#8217;s&#8221; Anti-Terrorist Military Coalition.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>The Saudi Defence Minister and Deputy Crown Prince, Mohammed bin Salman al Saud, has announced the formation of a 35-state &#8216;Islamic&#8217; military coalition that will target and combat &#8220;all terrorist organisations in the Islamic world&#8221;, specifically mentioning extremists in Afghanistan, Egypt, Iraq, Libya and Syria. Three of these countries: Afghanistan, Iraq and Syria were notably excluded from the coalition, as was Iran. The coalition is made up of Saudi Arabia, Bahrain, Bangladesh, Benin, Chad, Comoros, Djibouti, Egypt, Gabon, Guinea, Ivory Coast, Jordan, Kuwait, Lebanon, Libya, Malaysia, Maldives, Mali, Morocco, Mauritania, Niger, Nigeria, Pakistan, the Palestinians, Qatar, Senegal, Sierra Leone, Somalia, Sudan, Togo, Tunisia, Turkey, United Arab Emirates and Yemen. Its headquarters, and Joint Operations Centre for coordinating military engagements, will be in the Saudi capital, Riyadh.<\/p>\n<p>This announcement was welcomed by the US Defence Secretary, who told journalists that the coalition is &#8220;very much in line with something we&#8217;ve been urging for quite some time, which is greater involvement in the campaign to combat ISIL by Sunni Arab countries.&#8221; The planned coalition will also encourage greater security ties with key Western actors, including defence companies &#8211; as Sasa Post recently highlighted: 2015 trade relations between members of the Gulf Cooperation Council and Western security industries have so far been profitable.<\/p>\n<p>From the point of view of some observers, bin Salman&#8217;s announcement raises important questions on the coalition&#8217;s mandate, and its potential outcomes in communities where Muslims live. One question is on the exact definition of &#8220;terrorist organisations.&#8221; Recent Saudi legislation has &#8220;branded peaceful opposition activists and reformers, whether online or in the street, as suspected &#8220;terrorists&#8221; and a security risk to the state,&#8221; according to the BBC. Furthermore, Amnesty International has expressed concerns of the coalition&#8217;s effect of further restricting human rights. Al Araby al Jadeed has highlighted that Saudi Arabic considers Hezbollah a terrorist organisation, despite which, Lebanon has joined the coalition. The decision could have far-reaching implications on relations between communities with different religious references &#8211; in Lebanon as well as in other countries, including Saudi Arabia itself.<\/p>\n<p>Another question is the ramifications the coalition could have on extremist discourse, in the context of what may be perceived as an &#8220;Islamic War on Terror&#8221;. Notably, the Saudi Press Agency (SPA) stated that the military alliance arises from provisions laid out by the Organization of Islamic Cooperation &#8220;Convention on Combating Terrorism&#8221;, in the capacity to defend the Muslim ummah (nation) from groups that &#8220;terrorise the innocent&#8221;. The SPA made another statement to the effect that the formation of the coalition &#8220;emerged from the divine guidance of the Holy Qur&#8217;an and the teachings of Islamic shari&#8217;a&#8230; and its provisions which negate terrorism in all its forms&#8230;&#8221; This statement highlights the coalition&#8217;s theological mandate; by which it affords itself with the &#8216;correct interpretation&#8217; of Islamic laws. One concern is that broad, international military action against Muslims may produce widespread disillusionment with &#8216;institutionalised&#8217; Islam within each coalition nation, and ultimately benefit extremist discourse as an alternative to state-sponsored religious narratives.<\/p>\n<p><em>Links for more information:<\/em><br \/>\n<a href=\"http:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-middle-east-35099318\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">http:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-middle-east<\/a><br \/>\n<a href=\"http:\/\/www.sasapost.com\/gulf-countries-in-2015\/?utm_source=sasapost_slider_big\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">http:\/\/www.sasapost.com\/gulf-countries-in-2015\/<\/a><br \/>\n<a href=\"http:\/\/www.alarabiya.net\/ar\/saudi-today\/2015\/12\/15\/\u00d8\u00a7\u00d9\u0084\u00d8\u00b3\u00d8\u00b9\u00d9\u0088\u00d8\u00af\u00d9\u008a\u00d8\u00a9-\u00d8\u00aa\u00d8\u00b4\u00d9\u0083\u00d9\u0084-\u00d8\u00aa\u00d8\u00ad\u00d8\u00a7\u00d9\u0084\u00d9\u0081\u00d8\u00a7\u00d9\u008b-\u00d8\u00a5\u00d8\u00b3\u00d9\u0084\u00d8\u00a7\u00d9\u0085\u00d9\u008a\u00d8\u00a7\u00d9\u008b-\u00d8\u00b9\u00d8\u00b3\u00d9\u0083\u00d8\u00b1\u00d9\u008a\u00d8\u00a7\u00d9\u008b-\u00d9\u0084\u00d9\u0085\u00d8\u00ad\u00d8\u00a7\u00d8\u00b1\u00d8\u00a8\u00d8\u00a9-\u00d8\u00a7\u00d9\u0084\u00d8\u00a5\u00d8\u00b1\u00d9\u0087\u00d8\u00a7\u00d8\u00a8.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">http:\/\/www.alarabiya.net\/ar\/saudi-today\/2015\/12\/15\/\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0639\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0629-\u062a\u0634\u0643\u0644-\u062a\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u064b-\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0627\u064b-\u0639\u0633\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0627\u064b-\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0629-\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0631\u0647\u0627\u0628<\/a><br \/>\n<a href=\"http:\/\/arabi21.com\/story\/878247\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">http:\/\/arabi21.com\/story\/878247\/<\/a><br \/>\n<a href=\"http:\/\/www.alaraby.co.uk\/politics\/2015\/12\/15\/\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646-\u062c\u0632\u0621-\u0645\u0646-\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0641-\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a--\u0645\u0627\u0630\u0627-\u0639\u0646-\u062d\u0632\u0628-\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">http:\/\/www.alaraby.co.uk\/politics\/2015\/12\/15\/\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646-\u062c\u0632\u0621-\u0645\u0646-\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0641-\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a&#8211;\u0645\u0627\u0630\u0627-\u0639\u0646-\u062d\u0632\u0628-\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647<\/a><br \/>\n<a href=\"http:\/\/www.oic-oci.org\/arabic\/conventions\/terrorism.htm\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">http:\/\/www.oic-oci.org\/arabic\/conventions\/terrorism<\/a><\/p>\n<p><strong>Tunisia, 08 December 2015: Imams to reclaim Islam in the name of moderation.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Following three major attacks in Tunisia this year &#8211; on the Bardo National Museum in March, at a tourist resort in Sousse in June, and the latest suicide bombing in downtown Tunis &#8211; the government has responded to the threat of attacks from violent religious extremists with a security crackdown. These reactionary decisions have taken centre stage in the media but, according to al Monitor, the Ministry of Religious Affairs is also implementing a long-term strategy to &#8220;take back Islam from extremists and enlighten its youth through social media,&#8221; in cooperation with moderate imams from all over the country. This outreach programme will be conducted through platforms that are popular among contemporary youth, including Twitter and Facebook, with the rationale that moderate voices should use technology in the same way as radical recruiters, which has apparently been successful. Tunisia has seen approximately 3,000 of its nationals join ISIS, under the influence of religiously-inspired violent ideology, which al Monitor estimates predominates in about 50 of the nation&#8217;s mosques. One employee of the Ministry confirmed that &#8220;imams have a very important and symbolic role,&#8221; which translates to significant responsibility to address the issues close to the hearts of young Tunisians.<\/p>\n<p><em>Links for more information:<\/em><br \/>\n<a href=\"http:\/\/www.al-monitor.com\/pulse\/originals\/2015\/12\/tunisia-mosques-efforts-reclaim-islam-jihadis-radicalism.html#ixzz3tuHwi7dN\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">http:\/\/www.al-monitor.com\/pulse\/originals\/2015\/12\/tunisia-mosques-efforts-reclaim-islam-jihadis-radicalism<\/a><\/p>\n<hr>\n<p><em>The views and perspectives contained in the Weekly Update are from individual contributors and external sources, and do not necessarily reflect the opinions or position of the Cordoba Foundation of Geneva. The links are neither intended as an endorsement of particular publications nor the only source for the updates, but to connect to information in the public domain, for those interested in background or further details.<\/em><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>2nd &#8211; 15st December 2015 Cordoba Foundation of Geneva<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":5086,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[14],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-532","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-newsletter"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.3 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>The Cordoba Update 02-15.12.2015 - Cordoba Peace Institute | \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/cpi-geneva.org\/ar\/the-cordoba-update-02-15122015\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"ar_AR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"The Cordoba Update 02-15.12.2015 - 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