\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0629<\/strong><\/h4>\n\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0639\u0628 \u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0631 \u062a\u0643\u0645\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u0644\u0643\u064a \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u0639\u0651\u0627\u0644\u0629\u060c \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u064f\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0635\u0627\u062f\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646\u062d\u0627\u0632\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0650\u0628\u064e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0641.<\/p>\n
\n\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0648\u062c\u062f \u0634\u064a\u0621 \u0627\u0633\u0645\u0647 “\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u062f\u064a\u0646\u064a” \u0623\u0648 “\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a” \u0623\u0648 “\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a” \u0644\u0623\u0646\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u062f\u0627\u0626\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u0651\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u062c\u0647 \u0648\u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u0651\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0628 \u0648\u064a\u062a\u0634\u0643\u0651\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u0651\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0651\u0646. \u0648\u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u0651 \u0622\u062e\u0631 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0639\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0645\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0639\u0647 \u0648\u062a\u062c\u0646\u0651\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0641\u060c \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u064e\u0643\u0651\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u064f\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0641\u0639 \u0623\u0648 “\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0630\u0631\u064a” \u0644\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0641. \u0641\u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0646\u0637\u0648\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642 \u0628\u0634\u0623\u0646 \u0623\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0641. \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0645\u0639\u0638\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0646\u060c \u062a\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0648\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0623\u0637\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0641\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0647\u0645 \u062d\u0648\u0644 “\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0630\u0631\u064a\u0629” \u0648\u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0646\u0638\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0647\u0630\u0647 “\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0630\u0631\u064a\u0629” \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0629 – \u0645\u0645\u0651\u0627 \u064a\u062c\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u0637\u0627\u0621 \u064a\u062d\u0627\u0648\u0644\u0648\u0646 \u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u062c\u0648\u0621 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0635\u0637\u0644\u062d “\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0630\u0631\u064a” \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645\u064b\u0627. \u0644\u0642\u062f \u0623\u062f\u0651\u062a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0636\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0645\u062b\u0651\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0634\u0627\u0628\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0641\u0636\u0644\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a\u064a \u0641\u064a \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0641\u060c \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u0636\u0639\u064a\u0627\u062a \u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0645\u0651 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0637 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0641\u0631\u0627\u0637 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0643\u064a\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0646\u064f\u0638\u064f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0650\u064a\u064e\u0645\u060c \u0633\u0648\u0627\u0621\u064b \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0639\u064e\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u062f\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n
\u0641\u064a \u062d\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0637 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0646\u064f\u0638\u064f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0650\u064a\u064e\u0645\u060c \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062c\u0651\u062d \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0631\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644 \u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0633\u0629 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0631 \u0648\u0633\u0648\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0643\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u063a\u064a\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0646\u0639\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0633\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 “\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0630\u0631\u064a\u0629” \u0644\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0641. \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u0642\u062f \u064a\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u064f\u0638\u064f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0650\u064a\u064e\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064e\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0647\u0645\u0651\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0642 \u0623\u0648 \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0639\u0643\u0633\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0644\u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0624\u062f\u0651\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647\u0644 “\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0630\u0631\u064a\u0629” \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0641\u060c \u0623\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0633\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u062a\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0625\u0630 \u062a\u062a\u0645\u064a\u0651\u0632 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064e\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0633\u0639\u0649 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0641 \u0648\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0628\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u062c\u0651\u0647.<\/p>\n
\u0623\u0645\u0651\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0641\u0631\u0627\u0637 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0646\u064f\u0638\u064f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0650\u064a\u064e\u0645\u060c \u0646\u062c\u062f \u0623\u0646\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644 \u064a\u062a\u0628\u0646\u0651\u0649 \u0648\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0645\u0627\u0647\u0648\u064a\u0629\u060c \u064a\u064f\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0628\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u064f\u0638\u064f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0650\u064a\u064e\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u062f\u0641\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0651 \u0639\u0646 \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0642 \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0651\u0646 \u0648\u0639\u0646 \u0642\u0636\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0633\u0629 \u0648\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0643\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u062a\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629. \u0648\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0651 \u0623\u0637\u0631\u0648\u062d\u0629 \u0635\u0645\u0648\u0626\u064a\u0644 \u0647\u0646\u062a\u0646\u063a\u062a\u0648\u0646 “\u0635\u0631\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0636\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a” \u0623\u062f\u0644\u0651 \u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0646\u0651 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0639\u0643\u0633 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u062c\u0651\u0647.<\/p>\n
\u0648\u0633\u0646\u062f\u0631\u0633 \u0641\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0644\u064a \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u062a\u0645\u0643\u0651\u0646\u0646\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0651\u0641 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0646\u064f\u0638\u064f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0650\u064a\u064e\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0631\u0634\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0641\u060c \u0648\u0646\u062a\u0648\u062e\u0651\u0649 \u0645\u0646 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u062a\u0648\u0636\u064a\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0635\u0644 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0646\u064f\u0638\u064f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0650\u064a\u064e\u0645 \u0648\u0623\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0633\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a \u062a\u062c\u0646\u0651\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0641\u0631\u0627\u0637 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0637 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u064a\u0651 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0646. \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0633\u0646\u0633\u062a\u0643\u0634\u0641 \u0643\u064a\u0641 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 (\u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629) \u062a\u0623\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0646\u064f\u0638\u064f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0650\u064a\u064e\u0645 \u0648\u0643\u064a\u0641 \u064a\u064f\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0624\u062b\u0651\u0631 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 “\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0630\u0631\u064a\u0629” \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0633\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0641. \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u060c \u062a\u0645\u0651 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0636 \u0647\u0630\u0647 “\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0630\u0631\u064a\u0629” \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0633\u0629 \u0641\u064a “\u062e\u0637\u0651\u0629 \u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0644\u0645\u0646\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0631\u0651\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u064a\u0641” \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0623\u0637\u0644\u0642\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0645 2015\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0646\u0627\u0642\u0634\u062a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u062f\u0651\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0631\u0651\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u064a\u0641 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0643\u0644\u064a \u0644\u0647\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0634\u0627\u0631\u062a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u062f\u0629 \u062f\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0639 \u0645\u062a\u0643\u0631\u0651\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0647\u0627: \u0646\u0642\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0633\u0648\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0643\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0647\u0627\u0643 \u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0633\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0637\u0627\u0644 \u0623\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0638\u0627\u0631 \u062d\u0644\u0651\u0647\u0627. \u0648\u064a\u0639\u062f\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u064f\u0638\u064f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0650\u064a\u064e\u0645 \u062a\u0643\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0628\u062f\u0644\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0646\u0647\u0627.<\/p>\n
\u0645\u062b\u0644\u0651\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0641 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0636<\/h1>\n
\u064a\u0639\u062f\u0651 \u0645\u062b\u0644\u062b \u064a\u0648\u0647\u0627\u0646 \u063a\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0646\u063a “\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0641\/\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643\/\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0636” (ABC) \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0629 \u0645\u0641\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062c\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0639 \u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0646\u064f\u0638\u064f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0650\u064a\u064e\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0641. \u0641\u0645\u062b\u0644\u0651\u062b “\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0641\/\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643\/\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0636” \u0639\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0625\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u064a\u0633\u0645\u062d \u0628\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0641. \u0625\u0646\u0651 \u0643\u0644 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u0631\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0646\u0648\u0639\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0646\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0647\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0651\u0646\u0629. \u0648\u064a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0644\u0651\u062b \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u062c\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0641: \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0641 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0636 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644 \u0628\u0637\u0631\u0642 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629. \u0641\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0642\u062f \u062a\u0633\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0636\u0627\u062a (\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0636\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0623\u0648 “\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0630\u0631\u064a\u0629” \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0633\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0644\u0647) \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0641 \u0623\u0637\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0641 (\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0631\u0651\u0641)\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0651\u0627 \u0642\u062f \u064a\u0633\u0647\u0645 \u0628\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643\u0647\u0627 (\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u064a\u0641). \u0648\u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u062a\u0645\u0651 \u062a\u0631\u0634\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0633\u0644\u0645\u064a\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0642\u062f \u064a\u0624\u062f\u0651\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0641 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0636 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0644\u064a \u0648\u0642\u062f \u064a\u064f\u0633\u0641\u0631 \u0639\u0646 \u062a\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0636\u0627\u062a \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 (\u062d\u0644\u0642\u0629 \u062e\u064a\u0628\u062b\u0629).<\/p>\n
\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0623\u0646\u0651 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0636 (“\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0630\u0631\u064a\u0629” \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0633\u0629) \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0628\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u062d\u062a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0639\u0646\u064a\u0641 \u0645\u0641\u062a\u0648\u062d. \u0641\u0642\u062f \u064a\u0638\u0644\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0643\u0627\u0645\u0646\u064b\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u064f\u062f\u0631\u0643 \u0637\u0631\u0641 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0644\u0651 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0637\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0636\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0639\u064a \u0645\u0643\u064a\u0651\u0641 \u0628\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0650\u064a\u064e\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u062a\u0639\u064a\u0634 \u0641\u064a \u0625\u0637\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u0623\u0637\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0641. \u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0650\u064a\u064e\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644 \u0628\u062a\u0634\u0643\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0637\u064a \u0645\u0639\u0646\u0649 \u0648\u063a\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629. \u0648\u062a\u0646\u0637\u0648\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0626 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629\u060c \u0644\u0627 \u0633\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062e\u0635\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u064e\u064a\u0631. \u0648\u064a\u062e\u0636\u0639 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0650\u064a\u064e\u0645\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0642\u062f \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u062f\u064a\u0646\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0623\u0648 \u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0644\u062a\u0623\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062d\u062f\u0651\u062f\u0629.<\/p>\n
\u0641\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0647\u0644 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u064f\u062f\u0631\u0643 \u0623\u0637\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0642\u0650\u064a\u064e\u0645 \u064a\u062f\u0639\u0648 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0648\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0628\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0627\u0646\u0639\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u062a\u0643\u0627\u0641\u0624 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0643\u0633 \u0645\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0642\u0650\u064a\u064e\u0645 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0628\u0646\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0648\u0627\u0629 \u064a\u064f\u0636\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0642\u064a \u0648\u064a\u0628\u0631\u0651\u0631\u0647. \u0641\u0643\u0644\u0651\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0634\u0643\u0651\u0644 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0646\u064f\u0638\u064f\u0645 \u0642\u0650\u064a\u064e\u0645 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 – \u0645\u062b\u0644\u0627\u064b\u060c \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0651\u0642 \u0628\u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 – \u0643\u0644\u0651\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0639\u062f\u0651\u062f\u062a \u0648\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0631\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0623\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0643\u0644\u064a \u0648”\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0630\u0631\u064a\u0629” \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0633\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0641. \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0648\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u062a\u0648\u062c\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0625\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0650\u064a\u0645\u064e \u0630\u0627\u062a\u0647 (\u062f\u064a\u0646\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0623\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u064b\u0627) \u062a\u0623\u0648\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0644\u0646\u0635\u0648\u0635\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0633\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0645\u0651\u0627 \u0642\u062f \u064a\u0624\u062f\u0651\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u062a\u0633\u0644\u0651\u0637\u064b\u0627 \u0623\u0648 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u062f\u064a\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n
\u0648\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0641\u0625\u0646\u0651 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0650\u064a\u064e\u0645 (\u0648\u062a\u0623\u0648\u064a\u0644\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a) \u064a\u064f\u0633\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0629 – \u0644\u0643\u0646\u0651\u0647 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u062d\u062f\u0651\u062f \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u062d\u062a\u0645\u064a – \u062a\u0635\u0648\u0651\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0636 \u0648\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0639\u064a \u0628\u0647. \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u064a\u0628\u0644\u0648\u0631 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0639\u064a \u0648\u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0638\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0631\u062f\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0636 (“\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0630\u0631\u064a\u0629” \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0633\u0629). \u0644\u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u0642\u062f \u064a\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0631\u062f\u0651 \u0641\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0645\u0646 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0642\u0650\u064a\u064e\u0645 \u0644\u0622\u062e\u0631 \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0623\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0644\u0622\u062e\u0631 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0650\u064a\u064e\u0645\u060c \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0630\u0627\u062a “\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0630\u0631\u064a\u0629” \u0648\u0647\u0646\u0627 \u062a\u0643\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0648\u0642\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0641 \u0648\u062a\u0631\u0634\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a.<\/p>\n
\u0627\u0644\u0622\u062b\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0631\u062a\u0651\u0628\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0631\u0634\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0641<\/h1>\n
\u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0641 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062c\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062f\u064a\u0645\u060c \u0641\u0647\u0646\u0627\u0644\u0643 \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0643\u0645\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0629 – \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0627 \u0642\u0627\u0644\u0647 \u0622\u062f\u0645 \u0643\u064a\u0631\u0644 –\u060c \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639\u0647\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0633\u062a\u0641\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u062b\u0644\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0641\/\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643\/\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0636. \u0648\u062a\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u0629 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062c\u0646\u062d \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0641 \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u064f\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0651\u0629 \u0639\u0642\u0644\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u064f\u062c\u0631\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0638\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0651\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u0640 “\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0630\u0631\u064a\u0629” \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0633\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629\u060c \u064a\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u0632\u0627\u0644\u0629 “\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0630\u0631\u064a\u0629” \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0633\u0629 \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0631\u0627\u0647\u0627 \u0647\u064a.<\/p>\n
1- \u062a\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0633<\/strong><\/em> \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0639\u064a \u0628\u0639\u062f\u0645 \u062a\u0645\u0627\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0643\u0644\u064a \u0648\u063a\u064a\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0648\u0625\u0646 \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u0641\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0639\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0644\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u062b \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062e\u0631. \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0648\u0642\u0651\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062b\u0642\u064a\u0641 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0638\u0644\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0642 “\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639\u064a\u0629” \u0641\u062d\u0633\u0628\u060c \u0641\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0639\u064a \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u064f\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646\u0647 “\u0638\u0644\u0645” \u0648\u0625\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0643\u0647 \u064a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0638\u0645 \u0642\u0650\u064a\u064e\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u0629.<\/p>\n2- \u0625\u0646\u0651 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0629<\/strong><\/em> \u0636\u062f\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0638\u0644\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0643\u0644\u064a \u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0646\u064f\u0638\u064f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0650\u064a\u064e\u0645 \u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632 \u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0639\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u062c\u0627\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629. \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0623\u0646\u0651 \u0645\u0639\u0638\u0645 \u0646\u064f\u0638\u064f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0650\u064a\u064e\u0645 \u062a\u0636\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0651\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0638\u0644 \u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0651\u0646\u0629 (\u0643\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633). \u0648\u0642\u062f \u064a\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0644\u0651\u062d\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u062f\u064a\u0646\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u062d\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0641\u060c \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0648\u0625\u0646 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u062d\u062a\u0631\u0645 \u0645\u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0627\u062d\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0651\u0629.<\/p>\n3- \u062a\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642<\/strong><\/em> \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0634\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0648\u0636 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u0627\u0637\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0646\u0639 \u0646\u0634\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0648 \u062d\u0644\u0651\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0625\u0632\u0627\u0644\u0629 “\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0630\u0631\u064a\u0629” \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0633\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0647\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0627\u0641\u060c \u0648\u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0642 (\u0643\u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0643\u0645\u0629). \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0643\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0630\u0643\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0647 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u062d\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628\u060c \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u064a\u0646\u0628\u063a\u064a \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0644\u0651 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0639\u062f\u0651\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0651\u062b \u0645\u0639 \u0628\u0639\u0636\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0628\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u062a\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0633 \u0625\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0630 \u062e\u0637\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646. \u0648\u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0647\u064a \u062a\u0631\u0634\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0644\u060c \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u064f\u0634\u0631\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0648\u062f \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0623\u0646 \u062a\u062d\u062a\u0631\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0636\u0645\u0651 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0646\u064a\u0651\u0629 (\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u0651\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629) \u0648\u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0634\u0645\u0644 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u062f\u064a\u0647\u0645 \u062a\u0638\u0644\u0651\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0648\u064a\u0646\u062a\u0645\u0648\u0646 \u0644\u0646\u064f\u0638\u064f\u0645 \u0642\u0650\u064a\u064e\u0645 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629. \u0623\u0645\u0651\u0627 \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0642\u0635\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u062f \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u062d\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0641 \u0623\u0648 \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0647\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0651\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0641 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u0651 \u0645\u0646\u0647 \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0648\u0625\u0646 \u0638\u0644\u0651\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0636\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0628\u0642\u064a\u062a “\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0630\u0631\u064a\u0629” \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0633\u0629 \u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u0633\u0639\u0649 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631 (\u0623\u0648 \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631) \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0637\u0631\u0651\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062c\u0646\u062d \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0641 \u0628\u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u062a\u0628\u0646\u0649\u060c \u0641\u064a \u0633\u0639\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0625\u0632\u0627\u0644\u0629 “\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0630\u0631\u064a\u0629”\u060c \u0645\u0648\u0642\u0641\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u062a\u062c\u0630\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0639\u0646\u0641\u060c \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u062a\u0649 \u0633\u0646\u062d\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0635\u0629. \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0627\u0631\u064e\u0633 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0628\u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0650\u064a\u064e\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0628\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0623\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u062f\u0646\u0627\u0647.<\/p>\n\u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 (\u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629) \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0648\u064a\u0644<\/h1>\n
\u0633\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635\u064a\u0631 \u0623\u0648 \u062a\u0631\u0634\u064a\u062f\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0644\u060c \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0634\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639\u064a\u0629 (\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0650\u064a\u064e\u0645) \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0636 (\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0642\u060c “\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0630\u0631\u064a\u0629” \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0633\u0629) \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0623\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u064a\u0628\u064a\u0651\u0646 \u0643\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0650\u064a\u064e\u0645 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0634\u0648\u062f. \u0648\u064a\u062d\u062f\u0651\u062f \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0641 \u0648\u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643 \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u064a\u0631.<\/p>\n
\u0643\u064a\u0641 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u062b \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0647\u061f \u064a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0651\u0628 \u062a\u063a\u064a\u0651\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0641 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643 \u062a\u063a\u064a\u0651\u0640\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u062a\u0648\u0644\u0651\u062f\u0647 \u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0650\u064a\u064e\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u062d\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0647\u0648 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u062f \u0630\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631. \u0648\u062a\u0633\u062a\u0644\u0632\u0645 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627 \u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0642\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0651\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062e\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0625\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0632\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0648\u062e\u064a\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0645\u0644\u0647\u0645. \u0648\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0646\u062c\u062d \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0645\u0639 \u0623\u064a\u0651 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0646\u0634\u0637\u0629 \u0648\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u064a\u0651\u064d \u0645\u0646 \u0646\u064f\u0638\u064f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0650\u064a\u064e\u0645 \u0643\u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0633\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u062f\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0639\u064e\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n
\u062f\u0639\u0648\u0646\u0627 \u0646\u062a\u0645\u0639\u0651\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062b \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0648\u062f\u064a. \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0646\u060c \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u064a\u064a\u0632 \u0628\u064a\u0646 “\u0646\u0647\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u064a\u0627\u0645” \u0648”\u0645\u0627 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0639\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0627\u0626\u064a” \u0630\u0627 \u0641\u0627\u0626\u062f\u0629\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0642\u062f \u062a\u0648\u062c\u062f \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u064f\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0639\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u064f\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0647\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u064a\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0629. \u0641\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u060c \u064a\u0631\u0649 \u0623\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062e\u0627\u0645 \u0623\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0647\u0627\u0645 \u0625\u0633\u062d\u0627\u0642 \u0643\u0648\u0643 (1865-1935) \u0623\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u062c\u0628\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0628\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 (\u0623\u064a \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0646\u0647\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u064a\u0627\u0645) \u0644\u062a\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0634\u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u062a\u064a\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644 (\u0623\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0639\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0627\u0626\u064a)\u060c \u0645\u062b\u0644\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0637\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0636 \u0628\u0623\u0643\u0645\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0648 \u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0648\u0639\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0648\u062f \u0628\u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0644\u0627 \u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0648\u062f\u064a\u064a\u0646. \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0646\u0646\u0627 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0632\u0645\u0646\u0629 \u0645\u0627 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0639\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0627\u0626\u064a\u060c \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0642\u0648\u0644 \u062a\u0623\u0648\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0645\u0639\u0642\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0623\u0646\u0651 \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0628\u062f\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0636 \u0643\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0631 \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0646\u0647\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u064a\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0644\u0628\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0650\u064a\u064e\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0651\u0645 \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0646\u0647\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u064a\u0627\u0645. \u0648\u0642\u062f \u062a\u0634\u0645\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0648\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0645\u062b\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u064a\u0651\u0632 \u0644\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0644\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0636 \u0643\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0645\u062b\u0644\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0651\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0634\u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0648\u0641\u0651\u0631 \u0641\u0636\u0627\u0621\u064b \u0623\u0631\u062d\u0628 \u0644\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0642\u0650\u064a\u064e\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629.<\/p>\n
\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0644\u064a \u0633\u0646\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0633 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u0623\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0646\u062c\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a. \u0644\u0646\u0623\u062e\u0630 \u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0642\u062f \u062a\u0646\u0634\u0623 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0651\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a. \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0622\u0646 (\u0633\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0648\u0631\u0649\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0622\u064a\u0629 38)\u060c \u0645\u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0648\u0631\u0649 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0651\u0642 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0624\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0630\u0643\u0648\u0631 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0635\u0631\u064a\u062d\u060c \u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u062a\u0645\u0651 \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0641\u064a \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0642 \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0651\u0646 \u062a\u062d\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0648\u064a\u0644. \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0636\u062d \u0623\u0646\u0651 \u0622\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0648\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0639\u0646 \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0637\u064f\u0628\u0651\u0642\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0635\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0644\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0643 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n
\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a \u062a\u064f\u0633\u0645\u0651\u0649 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u062c\u062a\u0647\u0627\u062f\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0623\u064a \u062a\u0623\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0635\u0648\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0633\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0646\u0628\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0647\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0642 \u0645\u062d\u062f\u0651\u062f. \u064a\u0639\u0631\u0651\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0628\u0646 \u0642\u064a\u0651\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0629 (1292-1350) \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0644\u0648\u0628\u0629. \u0648\u0628\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0627\u0646\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0644 (\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639)\u060c \u062b\u0645\u0651\u0629 \u0637\u0631\u0642 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 (\u0625\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0648\u064a\u0644) \u062a\u064f\u0633\u0644\u0643 \u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0644\u0648\u0628\u0629. \u0648\u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062e\u0636\u0639 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0644\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0648\u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0645\u062a\u062b\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0644. \u0648\u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u062b\u0644\u064b\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0644\u0651\u062d \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643\u0629\u060c \u0641\u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0645\u062a\u062b\u0644 \u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646\u064a (\u0645\u0645\u0627\u062b\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a). \u0648\u064a\u064f\u0633\u0645\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0645\u062a\u062b\u0627\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0646\u0642\u064a\u0636\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0644\u0648\u0651 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0631\u0651\u0641.<\/p>\n
\u0642\u062f \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0630\u0648\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0635\u0627\u0631\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0625\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0635\u0647\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0634\u0649 \u0645\u0639\u0647\u0627 (\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0643\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u062b\u0648\u062f\u0648\u0643\u0633\u064a\u0629)\u060c \u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0645\u0631\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0639\u064f\u0631\u0636\u062a \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0645 \u062e\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629. \u0641\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0643\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u064a\u0633\u062a \u063a\u0644\u0648\u0651\u064b\u0627.<\/p>\n
\u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0648\u064a\u0644\/\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0647\u0627\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639\u060c \u0625\u0630 \u064a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0651\u0628 \u0634\u0631\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062e\u0628\u0631\u0629. \u0625\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u0648\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062a\u0631\u064e\u0641 \u0628\u0647\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062b\u0648\u0642 \u0628\u0647\u0645 (\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u062b\u0648\u062f\u0648\u0643\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629). \u064a\u064f\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 (\u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629) \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u062b\u0645\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u062f\u0627\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0637\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627. \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u064f\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0633\u0627\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0637\u0631\u0641 \u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0642 \u0648\u064a\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0646 \u0635\u0627\u062f\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0644\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u062a\u062d\u064a\u0651\u0632. \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 (\u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629) \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u062a\u0645\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0651\u0637 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0651\u0627 \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u0637\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629: 1) \u0627\u062d\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0645 \u0625\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639\u064a\u062a\u0647\u0645\u061b 2) \u0642\u0628\u0648\u0644 \u0623\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639\u0629\u061b 3) \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u0635\u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0642 (\u0633\u0631\u062f\u064a\u062a\u0647\u0645) \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u062a\u0638\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0645\u061b 4) \u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u062e\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0639\u0647\u0645 \u0648\u0625\u0638\u0647\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a.<\/p>\n
\u062a\u0624\u062f\u0651\u064a \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 (\u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629) \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062c\u062d\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0641 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u062f\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0644\u0623\u0646\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0636\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062e\u0631\u0637 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0643\u0643\u0644\u0651 \u064a\u0639\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0646 \u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0625\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u062f\u064a\u0646\u064a-\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a \u0634\u0643\u0651\u0644\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0647\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062b\u0648\u0642 \u0628\u0647\u0645. \u0625\u0646\u0651 \u0623\u064a\u0651 \u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u0633\u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0644\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0647\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0627\u0641 \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u064a\u0651 \u062c\u0647\u062f \u0644\u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0648\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 “\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0630\u0631\u064a\u0629” \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0633\u0629.<\/p>\n
\u0644\u0644\u0645\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0629<\/h2>\n
Jean-Nicolas Bitter and Owen Frazer, “The Instrumentalization of Religion in Conflict<\/strong>”, CSS Policy Perspectives<\/em> 8\/5 (2020)
\u062a\u062d\u0630\u0651\u0631 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u062d\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u063a\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646.<\/p>\nAbbas Aroua, “Transforming Religious-Political Conflicts: Decoding-Recoding Positions and Goals<\/strong>”, Politorbis<\/em> 52, (2011)
\u062a\u0648\u0636\u0651\u062d \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0631\u0634\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0641.<\/p>\nAlistair Davison, “Engaging Credible Religious Leaders in the Prevention of Extremism and Extreme Violence – our Methodology<\/strong>”, Cordoba Peace Institute<\/em>, June 2018
\u062a\u0648\u0636\u0651\u062d \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062c\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0639 \u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0648\u062b\u0648\u0642\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631\/\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0647\u0627\u062f.<\/p>\nSimon J. A. Mason, “Local Mediation with Religious Actors in Israel- Palestine<\/strong>”, CSS Analyses in Security Policy<\/em> 281, (2021)
\u062a\u0633\u062a\u0643\u0634\u0641 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0643\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u0637\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0625\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0644 \u0648\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646.<\/p>\n\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u062a\u0628\u0648\u0646<\/h2>\n
\u0639\u0628\u0627\u0633 \u0639\u0631\u0648\u0629<\/strong>\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633 \u0644\u0645\u0639\u0647\u062f \u0642\u0631\u0637\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 – \u062c\u0646\u064a\u0641.<\/p>\n\u062c\u0648\u0646-\u0646\u064a\u0643\u0648\u0644\u0627 \u0628\u064a\u062a\u0631<\/strong>\u060c \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0641\u064a \u0648\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0641\u064a\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u064a\u0633\u0631\u064a\u0629. \u062a\u0639\u0643\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0639\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0647\u0646\u0627 \u0648\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0646\u0638\u0631\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0639\u0643\u0633 \u0622\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062d\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u064a\u0633\u0631\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n\u0633\u064a\u0645\u0648\u0646 \u062c \u0623 \u0645\u0627\u0633\u0648\u0646<\/strong>\u060c \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0629 ETH Zürich\u060c \u064a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u0627\u0637\u0629 (CARIM)\u060c \u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0648\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u064a\u0633\u0631\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
\u0625\u0646\u0651 \u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0646\u064f\u0638\u064f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0650\u064a\u064e\u0645 \u0648”\u0648\u0636\u0639\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u062c\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u064a” \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0631\u0634\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a \u064a\u062c\u0646\u0651\u0628\u0646\u0627 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0648\u0626 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0636\u062e\u064a\u0645 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0647\u0648\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0625\u0630 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u064a\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0641\u0647\u0645\u064d \u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0642\u0636\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0633\u0629 \u0648\u0646\u064f\u0638\u064f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0650\u064a\u064e\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064e\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629… \u0628\u0642\u0644\u0645 \u0639\u0628\u0627\u0633 \u0639\u0631\u0648\u0629\u060c \u062c\u0648\u0646-\u0646\u064a\u0643\u0648\u0644\u0627 \u0628\u064a\u062a\u0631\u060c \u0633\u064a\u0645\u0648\u0646 \u062c. \u0623. \u0645\u0627\u0633\u0648\u0646<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":1227,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[3],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1232","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-contributions"],"yoast_head":"\n
\u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0646\u064f\u0638\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0650\u064a\u064e\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0644\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a - Cordoba Peace Institute | \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/cpi-geneva.org\/ar\/\u062f\u0648\u0631-\u0646\u064f\u0638\u0645-\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0650\u064a\u064e\u0645-\u0641\u064a-\u062d\u0644\u0651-\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"ar_AR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"\u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0646\u064f\u0638\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0650\u064a\u064e\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0644\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a - Cordoba Peace Institute | \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"\u0625\u0646\u0651 \u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0646\u064f\u0638\u064f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0650\u064a\u064e\u0645 \u0648”\u0648\u0636\u0639\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u062c\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u064a” \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0631\u0634\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a \u064a\u062c\u0646\u0651\u0628\u0646\u0627 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0648\u0626 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0636\u062e\u064a\u0645 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0647\u0648\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0625\u0630 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u064a\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0641\u0647\u0645\u064d \u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0642\u0636\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0633\u0629 \u0648\u0646\u064f\u0638\u064f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0650\u064a\u064e\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064e\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629… \u0628\u0642\u0644\u0645 \u0639\u0628\u0627\u0633 \u0639\u0631\u0648\u0629\u060c \u062c\u0648\u0646-\u0646\u064a\u0643\u0648\u0644\u0627 \u0628\u064a\u062a\u0631\u060c \u0633\u064a\u0645\u0648\u0646 \u062c. \u0623. \u0645\u0627\u0633\u0648\u0646\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/cpi-geneva.org\/ar\/\u062f\u0648\u0631-\u0646\u064f\u0638\u0645-\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0650\u064a\u064e\u0645-\u0641\u064a-\u062d\u0644\u0651-\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Cordoba Peace Institute | \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2022-06-30T19:30:00+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2023-04-27T15:13:12+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/cpi-geneva.org\/ar\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2022\/06\/Zaria-Palace_Nigeria.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"926\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"618\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"C\u00f2rdoba Geneva\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"\u0643\u064f\u062a\u0628 \u0628\u0648\u0627\u0633\u0637\u0629\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"C\u00f2rdoba Geneva\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"\u0648\u0642\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064f\u0642\u062f\u0651\u0631\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"\u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u0629\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/cpi-geneva.org\\\/ar\\\/%d8%af%d9%88%d8%b1-%d9%86%d9%8f%d8%b8%d9%85-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%82%d9%90%d9%8a%d9%8e%d9%85-%d9%81%d9%8a-%d8%ad%d9%84%d9%91-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%ae%d9%84%d8%a7%d9%81%d8%a7%d8%aa\\\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/cpi-geneva.org\\\/ar\\\/%d8%af%d9%88%d8%b1-%d9%86%d9%8f%d8%b8%d9%85-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%82%d9%90%d9%8a%d9%8e%d9%85-%d9%81%d9%8a-%d8%ad%d9%84%d9%91-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%ae%d9%84%d8%a7%d9%81%d8%a7%d8%aa\\\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"C\u00f2rdoba Geneva\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/cpi-geneva.org\\\/ar\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/0a76d9365b1b8c6b5265567c49ee79df\"},\"headline\":\"\u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0646\u064f\u0638\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0650\u064a\u064e\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0644\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a\",\"datePublished\":\"2022-06-30T19:30:00+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2023-04-27T15:13:12+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/cpi-geneva.org\\\/ar\\\/%d8%af%d9%88%d8%b1-%d9%86%d9%8f%d8%b8%d9%85-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%82%d9%90%d9%8a%d9%8e%d9%85-%d9%81%d9%8a-%d8%ad%d9%84%d9%91-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%ae%d9%84%d8%a7%d9%81%d8%a7%d8%aa\\\/\"},\"wordCount\":119,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/cpi-geneva.org\\\/ar\\\/#organization\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/cpi-geneva.org\\\/ar\\\/%d8%af%d9%88%d8%b1-%d9%86%d9%8f%d8%b8%d9%85-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%82%d9%90%d9%8a%d9%8e%d9%85-%d9%81%d9%8a-%d8%ad%d9%84%d9%91-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%ae%d9%84%d8%a7%d9%81%d8%a7%d8%aa\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/cpi-geneva.org\\\/ar\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/sites\\\/2\\\/2022\\\/06\\\/Zaria-Palace_Nigeria.jpg\",\"articleSection\":[\"\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0647\u0645\u0627\u062a\"],\"inLanguage\":\"ar\"},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/cpi-geneva.org\\\/ar\\\/%d8%af%d9%88%d8%b1-%d9%86%d9%8f%d8%b8%d9%85-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%82%d9%90%d9%8a%d9%8e%d9%85-%d9%81%d9%8a-%d8%ad%d9%84%d9%91-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%ae%d9%84%d8%a7%d9%81%d8%a7%d8%aa\\\/\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/cpi-geneva.org\\\/ar\\\/%d8%af%d9%88%d8%b1-%d9%86%d9%8f%d8%b8%d9%85-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%82%d9%90%d9%8a%d9%8e%d9%85-%d9%81%d9%8a-%d8%ad%d9%84%d9%91-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%ae%d9%84%d8%a7%d9%81%d8%a7%d8%aa\\\/\",\"name\":\"\u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0646\u064f\u0638\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0650\u064a\u064e\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0644\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a - Cordoba Peace Institute | \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/cpi-geneva.org\\\/ar\\\/#website\"},\"primaryImageOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/cpi-geneva.org\\\/ar\\\/%d8%af%d9%88%d8%b1-%d9%86%d9%8f%d8%b8%d9%85-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%82%d9%90%d9%8a%d9%8e%d9%85-%d9%81%d9%8a-%d8%ad%d9%84%d9%91-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%ae%d9%84%d8%a7%d9%81%d8%a7%d8%aa\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/cpi-geneva.org\\\/ar\\\/%d8%af%d9%88%d8%b1-%d9%86%d9%8f%d8%b8%d9%85-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%82%d9%90%d9%8a%d9%8e%d9%85-%d9%81%d9%8a-%d8%ad%d9%84%d9%91-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%ae%d9%84%d8%a7%d9%81%d8%a7%d8%aa\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/cpi-geneva.org\\\/ar\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/sites\\\/2\\\/2022\\\/06\\\/Zaria-Palace_Nigeria.jpg\",\"datePublished\":\"2022-06-30T19:30:00+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2023-04-27T15:13:12+00:00\",\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/cpi-geneva.org\\\/ar\\\/%d8%af%d9%88%d8%b1-%d9%86%d9%8f%d8%b8%d9%85-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%82%d9%90%d9%8a%d9%8e%d9%85-%d9%81%d9%8a-%d8%ad%d9%84%d9%91-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%ae%d9%84%d8%a7%d9%81%d8%a7%d8%aa\\\/#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"ar\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/cpi-geneva.org\\\/ar\\\/%d8%af%d9%88%d8%b1-%d9%86%d9%8f%d8%b8%d9%85-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%82%d9%90%d9%8a%d9%8e%d9%85-%d9%81%d9%8a-%d8%ad%d9%84%d9%91-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%ae%d9%84%d8%a7%d9%81%d8%a7%d8%aa\\\/\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"ar\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/cpi-geneva.org\\\/ar\\\/%d8%af%d9%88%d8%b1-%d9%86%d9%8f%d8%b8%d9%85-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%82%d9%90%d9%8a%d9%8e%d9%85-%d9%81%d9%8a-%d8%ad%d9%84%d9%91-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%ae%d9%84%d8%a7%d9%81%d8%a7%d8%aa\\\/#primaryimage\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/cpi-geneva.org\\\/ar\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/sites\\\/2\\\/2022\\\/06\\\/Zaria-Palace_Nigeria.jpg\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/cpi-geneva.org\\\/ar\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/sites\\\/2\\\/2022\\\/06\\\/Zaria-Palace_Nigeria.jpg\",\"width\":926,\"height\":618,\"caption\":\"People walk outside the Emir of Zaria\u2019s palace in Zaria, Nigeria, July 17, 2014. Joe Penney \\\/ Reuters\"},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/cpi-geneva.org\\\/ar\\\/%d8%af%d9%88%d8%b1-%d9%86%d9%8f%d8%b8%d9%85-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%82%d9%90%d9%8a%d9%8e%d9%85-%d9%81%d9%8a-%d8%ad%d9%84%d9%91-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%ae%d9%84%d8%a7%d9%81%d8%a7%d8%aa\\\/#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"Home\",\"item\":\"https:\\\/\\\/cpi-geneva.org\\\/ar\\\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"\u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0646\u064f\u0638\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0650\u064a\u064e\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0644\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/cpi-geneva.org\\\/ar\\\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/cpi-geneva.org\\\/ar\\\/\",\"name\":\"Cordoba Peace Institute - Geneva CPI | \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629\",\"description\":\"CPI Geneva | \u0645\u0639\u0647\u062f \u0642\u0631\u0637\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 | 20 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 | \",\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/cpi-geneva.org\\\/ar\\\/#organization\"},\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https:\\\/\\\/cpi-geneva.org\\\/ar\\\/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":{\"@type\":\"PropertyValueSpecification\",\"valueRequired\":true,\"valueName\":\"search_term_string\"}}],\"inLanguage\":\"ar\"},{\"@type\":\"Organization\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/cpi-geneva.org\\\/ar\\\/#organization\",\"name\":\"CPI - Geneva | \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/cpi-geneva.org\\\/ar\\\/\",\"logo\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"ar\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/cpi-geneva.org\\\/ar\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/logo\\\/image\\\/\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/cpi-geneva.org\\\/ar\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/sites\\\/2\\\/2025\\\/12\\\/CPI-Geneva-1.png\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/cpi-geneva.org\\\/ar\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/sites\\\/2\\\/2025\\\/12\\\/CPI-Geneva-1.png\",\"width\":740,\"height\":740,\"caption\":\"CPI - Geneva | \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/cpi-geneva.org\\\/ar\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/logo\\\/image\\\/\"}},{\"@type\":\"Person\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/cpi-geneva.org\\\/ar\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/0a76d9365b1b8c6b5265567c49ee79df\",\"name\":\"C\u00f2rdoba Geneva\",\"image\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"ar\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/secure.gravatar.com\\\/avatar\\\/cf6a4ecb9e914acddd89e4c4cbc3c6fdccfd6614c26ec3023ce0173515d50eff?s=96&d=mm&r=g\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/secure.gravatar.com\\\/avatar\\\/cf6a4ecb9e914acddd89e4c4cbc3c6fdccfd6614c26ec3023ce0173515d50eff?s=96&d=mm&r=g\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/secure.gravatar.com\\\/avatar\\\/cf6a4ecb9e914acddd89e4c4cbc3c6fdccfd6614c26ec3023ce0173515d50eff?s=96&d=mm&r=g\",\"caption\":\"C\u00f2rdoba Geneva\"},\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/cpi-geneva.org\\\/ar\\\/author\\\/corwebmaster\\\/\"}]}<\/script>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO plugin. -->","yoast_head_json":{"title":"\u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0646\u064f\u0638\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0650\u064a\u064e\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0644\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a - Cordoba Peace Institute | \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https:\/\/cpi-geneva.org\/ar\/\u062f\u0648\u0631-\u0646\u064f\u0638\u0645-\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0650\u064a\u064e\u0645-\u0641\u064a-\u062d\u0644\u0651-\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a\/","og_locale":"ar_AR","og_type":"article","og_title":"\u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0646\u064f\u0638\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0650\u064a\u064e\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0644\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a - Cordoba Peace Institute | \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629","og_description":"\u0625\u0646\u0651 \u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0646\u064f\u0638\u064f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0650\u064a\u064e\u0645 \u0648”\u0648\u0636\u0639\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u062c\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u064a” \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0631\u0634\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a \u064a\u062c\u0646\u0651\u0628\u0646\u0627 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0648\u0626 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0636\u062e\u064a\u0645 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0647\u0648\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0625\u0630 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u064a\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0641\u0647\u0645\u064d \u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0642\u0636\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0633\u0629 \u0648\u0646\u064f\u0638\u064f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0650\u064a\u064e\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064e\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629… \u0628\u0642\u0644\u0645 \u0639\u0628\u0627\u0633 \u0639\u0631\u0648\u0629\u060c \u062c\u0648\u0646-\u0646\u064a\u0643\u0648\u0644\u0627 \u0628\u064a\u062a\u0631\u060c \u0633\u064a\u0645\u0648\u0646 \u062c. \u0623. \u0645\u0627\u0633\u0648\u0646","og_url":"https:\/\/cpi-geneva.org\/ar\/\u062f\u0648\u0631-\u0646\u064f\u0638\u0645-\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0650\u064a\u064e\u0645-\u0641\u064a-\u062d\u0644\u0651-\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a\/","og_site_name":"Cordoba Peace Institute | \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629","article_published_time":"2022-06-30T19:30:00+00:00","article_modified_time":"2023-04-27T15:13:12+00:00","og_image":[{"width":926,"height":618,"url":"https:\/\/cpi-geneva.org\/ar\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2022\/06\/Zaria-Palace_Nigeria.jpg","type":"image\/jpeg"}],"author":"C\u00f2rdoba Geneva","twitter_card":"summary_large_image","twitter_misc":{"\u0643\u064f\u062a\u0628 \u0628\u0648\u0627\u0633\u0637\u0629":"C\u00f2rdoba Geneva","\u0648\u0642\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064f\u0642\u062f\u0651\u0631":"\u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u0629"},"schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"Article","@id":"https:\/\/cpi-geneva.org\/ar\/%d8%af%d9%88%d8%b1-%d9%86%d9%8f%d8%b8%d9%85-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%82%d9%90%d9%8a%d9%8e%d9%85-%d9%81%d9%8a-%d8%ad%d9%84%d9%91-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%ae%d9%84%d8%a7%d9%81%d8%a7%d8%aa\/#article","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/cpi-geneva.org\/ar\/%d8%af%d9%88%d8%b1-%d9%86%d9%8f%d8%b8%d9%85-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%82%d9%90%d9%8a%d9%8e%d9%85-%d9%81%d9%8a-%d8%ad%d9%84%d9%91-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%ae%d9%84%d8%a7%d9%81%d8%a7%d8%aa\/"},"author":{"name":"C\u00f2rdoba Geneva","@id":"https:\/\/cpi-geneva.org\/ar\/#\/schema\/person\/0a76d9365b1b8c6b5265567c49ee79df"},"headline":"\u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0646\u064f\u0638\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0650\u064a\u064e\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0644\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a","datePublished":"2022-06-30T19:30:00+00:00","dateModified":"2023-04-27T15:13:12+00:00","mainEntityOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/cpi-geneva.org\/ar\/%d8%af%d9%88%d8%b1-%d9%86%d9%8f%d8%b8%d9%85-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%82%d9%90%d9%8a%d9%8e%d9%85-%d9%81%d9%8a-%d8%ad%d9%84%d9%91-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%ae%d9%84%d8%a7%d9%81%d8%a7%d8%aa\/"},"wordCount":119,"publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/cpi-geneva.org\/ar\/#organization"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/cpi-geneva.org\/ar\/%d8%af%d9%88%d8%b1-%d9%86%d9%8f%d8%b8%d9%85-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%82%d9%90%d9%8a%d9%8e%d9%85-%d9%81%d9%8a-%d8%ad%d9%84%d9%91-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%ae%d9%84%d8%a7%d9%81%d8%a7%d8%aa\/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/cpi-geneva.org\/ar\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2022\/06\/Zaria-Palace_Nigeria.jpg","articleSection":["\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0647\u0645\u0627\u062a"],"inLanguage":"ar"},{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/cpi-geneva.org\/ar\/%d8%af%d9%88%d8%b1-%d9%86%d9%8f%d8%b8%d9%85-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%82%d9%90%d9%8a%d9%8e%d9%85-%d9%81%d9%8a-%d8%ad%d9%84%d9%91-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%ae%d9%84%d8%a7%d9%81%d8%a7%d8%aa\/","url":"https:\/\/cpi-geneva.org\/ar\/%d8%af%d9%88%d8%b1-%d9%86%d9%8f%d8%b8%d9%85-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%82%d9%90%d9%8a%d9%8e%d9%85-%d9%81%d9%8a-%d8%ad%d9%84%d9%91-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%ae%d9%84%d8%a7%d9%81%d8%a7%d8%aa\/","name":"\u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0646\u064f\u0638\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0650\u064a\u064e\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0644\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a - Cordoba Peace Institute | \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/cpi-geneva.org\/ar\/#website"},"primaryImageOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/cpi-geneva.org\/ar\/%d8%af%d9%88%d8%b1-%d9%86%d9%8f%d8%b8%d9%85-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%82%d9%90%d9%8a%d9%8e%d9%85-%d9%81%d9%8a-%d8%ad%d9%84%d9%91-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%ae%d9%84%d8%a7%d9%81%d8%a7%d8%aa\/#primaryimage"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/cpi-geneva.org\/ar\/%d8%af%d9%88%d8%b1-%d9%86%d9%8f%d8%b8%d9%85-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%82%d9%90%d9%8a%d9%8e%d9%85-%d9%81%d9%8a-%d8%ad%d9%84%d9%91-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%ae%d9%84%d8%a7%d9%81%d8%a7%d8%aa\/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/cpi-geneva.org\/ar\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2022\/06\/Zaria-Palace_Nigeria.jpg","datePublished":"2022-06-30T19:30:00+00:00","dateModified":"2023-04-27T15:13:12+00:00","breadcrumb":{"@id":"https:\/\/cpi-geneva.org\/ar\/%d8%af%d9%88%d8%b1-%d9%86%d9%8f%d8%b8%d9%85-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%82%d9%90%d9%8a%d9%8e%d9%85-%d9%81%d9%8a-%d8%ad%d9%84%d9%91-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%ae%d9%84%d8%a7%d9%81%d8%a7%d8%aa\/#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"ar","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https:\/\/cpi-geneva.org\/ar\/%d8%af%d9%88%d8%b1-%d9%86%d9%8f%d8%b8%d9%85-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%82%d9%90%d9%8a%d9%8e%d9%85-%d9%81%d9%8a-%d8%ad%d9%84%d9%91-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%ae%d9%84%d8%a7%d9%81%d8%a7%d8%aa\/"]}]},{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"ar","@id":"https:\/\/cpi-geneva.org\/ar\/%d8%af%d9%88%d8%b1-%d9%86%d9%8f%d8%b8%d9%85-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%82%d9%90%d9%8a%d9%8e%d9%85-%d9%81%d9%8a-%d8%ad%d9%84%d9%91-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%ae%d9%84%d8%a7%d9%81%d8%a7%d8%aa\/#primaryimage","url":"https:\/\/cpi-geneva.org\/ar\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2022\/06\/Zaria-Palace_Nigeria.jpg","contentUrl":"https:\/\/cpi-geneva.org\/ar\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2022\/06\/Zaria-Palace_Nigeria.jpg","width":926,"height":618,"caption":"People walk outside the Emir of Zaria\u2019s palace in Zaria, Nigeria, July 17, 2014. Joe Penney \/ Reuters"},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https:\/\/cpi-geneva.org\/ar\/%d8%af%d9%88%d8%b1-%d9%86%d9%8f%d8%b8%d9%85-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%82%d9%90%d9%8a%d9%8e%d9%85-%d9%81%d9%8a-%d8%ad%d9%84%d9%91-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%ae%d9%84%d8%a7%d9%81%d8%a7%d8%aa\/#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Home","item":"https:\/\/cpi-geneva.org\/ar\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"\u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0646\u064f\u0638\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0650\u064a\u064e\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0644\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a"}]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https:\/\/cpi-geneva.org\/ar\/#website","url":"https:\/\/cpi-geneva.org\/ar\/","name":"Cordoba Peace Institute - Geneva CPI | \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629","description":"CPI Geneva | \u0645\u0639\u0647\u062f \u0642\u0631\u0637\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 | 20 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 | ","publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/cpi-geneva.org\/ar\/#organization"},"potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https:\/\/cpi-geneva.org\/ar\/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":{"@type":"PropertyValueSpecification","valueRequired":true,"valueName":"search_term_string"}}],"inLanguage":"ar"},{"@type":"Organization","@id":"https:\/\/cpi-geneva.org\/ar\/#organization","name":"CPI - Geneva | \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629","url":"https:\/\/cpi-geneva.org\/ar\/","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"ar","@id":"https:\/\/cpi-geneva.org\/ar\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/","url":"https:\/\/cpi-geneva.org\/ar\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2025\/12\/CPI-Geneva-1.png","contentUrl":"https:\/\/cpi-geneva.org\/ar\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2025\/12\/CPI-Geneva-1.png","width":740,"height":740,"caption":"CPI - Geneva | \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/cpi-geneva.org\/ar\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/"}},{"@type":"Person","@id":"https:\/\/cpi-geneva.org\/ar\/#\/schema\/person\/0a76d9365b1b8c6b5265567c49ee79df","name":"C\u00f2rdoba Geneva","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"ar","@id":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/cf6a4ecb9e914acddd89e4c4cbc3c6fdccfd6614c26ec3023ce0173515d50eff?s=96&d=mm&r=g","url":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/cf6a4ecb9e914acddd89e4c4cbc3c6fdccfd6614c26ec3023ce0173515d50eff?s=96&d=mm&r=g","contentUrl":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/cf6a4ecb9e914acddd89e4c4cbc3c6fdccfd6614c26ec3023ce0173515d50eff?s=96&d=mm&r=g","caption":"C\u00f2rdoba Geneva"},"url":"https:\/\/cpi-geneva.org\/ar\/author\/corwebmaster\/"}]}},"featured_image_src":{"landsacpe":["https:\/\/cpi-geneva.org\/ar\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2022\/06\/Zaria-Palace_Nigeria-926x445.jpg",926,445,true],"list":["https:\/\/cpi-geneva.org\/ar\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2022\/06\/Zaria-Palace_Nigeria-463x348.jpg",463,348,true],"medium":["https:\/\/cpi-geneva.org\/ar\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2022\/06\/Zaria-Palace_Nigeria-300x200.jpg",300,200,true],"full":["https:\/\/cpi-geneva.org\/ar\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2022\/06\/Zaria-Palace_Nigeria.jpg",926,618,false]},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/cpi-geneva.org\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1232","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/cpi-geneva.org\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/cpi-geneva.org\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cpi-geneva.org\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cpi-geneva.org\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1232"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/cpi-geneva.org\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1232\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":3626,"href":"https:\/\/cpi-geneva.org\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1232\/revisions\/3626"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cpi-geneva.org\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/1227"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/cpi-geneva.org\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1232"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cpi-geneva.org\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1232"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cpi-geneva.org\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1232"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}
![\"\"](\"https:\/\/cpi-geneva.org\/ar\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2022\/06\/Zaria-Palace_Nigeria.jpg\" "\\"\u0623\u0634\u062e\u0627\u0635")
\n