{"id":1051,"date":"2019-12-20T18:06:11","date_gmt":"2019-12-20T18:06:11","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/cpi-geneva.org\/ar\/2019\/12\/20\/%d8%a3%d8%b1%d8%a8%d8%b9%d8%a9-%d9%85%d9%82%d8%a7%d9%8a%d9%8a%d8%b3-%d9%84%d9%84%d8%aa%d9%85%d9%8a%d9%8a%d8%b2-%d8%a8%d9%8a%d9%86-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%83%d9%8a%d8%a7%d9%86%d8%a7%d8%aa-%d8%b0%d8%a7%d8%aa\/"},"modified":"2023-04-27T16:13:39","modified_gmt":"2023-04-27T15:13:39","slug":"%d8%a3%d8%b1%d8%a8%d8%b9%d8%a9-%d9%85%d9%82%d8%a7%d9%8a%d9%8a%d8%b3-%d9%84%d9%84%d8%aa%d9%85%d9%8a%d9%8a%d8%b2-%d8%a8%d9%8a%d9%86-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%83%d9%8a%d8%a7%d9%86%d8%a7%d8%aa-%d8%b0%d8%a7%d8%aa","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/cpi-geneva.org\/ar\/%d8%a3%d8%b1%d8%a8%d8%b9%d8%a9-%d9%85%d9%82%d8%a7%d9%8a%d9%8a%d8%b3-%d9%84%d9%84%d8%aa%d9%85%d9%8a%d9%8a%d8%b2-%d8%a8%d9%8a%d9%86-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%83%d9%8a%d8%a7%d9%86%d8%a7%d8%aa-%d8%b0%d8%a7%d8%aa\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0623\u0631\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0633 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0645\u064a\u064a\u0632 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629"},"content":{"rendered":"

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[7]<\/a><\/p>\n

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\u062a\u0648\u062c\u062f \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a \u062c\u0648\u0647\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a: (\u0623) \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062a\u0635\u0631\u0651\u0641 \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u063a\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0633\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u062f\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0623\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629\u061b (\u0628) \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0629\u061b (\u062c) \u062d\u062c\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u062a\u0631\u063a\u0628 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u061b (\u062f) \u0645\u0648\u0642\u0641\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0641. \u0648\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062a\u064a\u0629:<\/p>\n

1. \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631<\/h2>\n

\u0623) \u062a\u062c\u0646\u0651\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631<\/strong>: \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0633\u062d\u0627\u0628 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0632\u0644 \u0639\u0646 \u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0637\u0646\u0629.<\/p>\n

\u0628) \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0645\u062a\u062b\u0627\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631<\/strong>: \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0641\u0642 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0634\u0627\u0626\u0639 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0625\u0637\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0643\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0637\u0646 \u0646\u0634\u0637.<\/p>\n

\u062c) \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631<\/strong>: \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0628\u062a\u0639\u0627\u062f \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u0637\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0631\u0641.<\/p>\n

2. \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0629<\/h2>\n

\u0623) \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0629<\/strong>: \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0623\u064a \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629 \u0644\u0627\u0643\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646\u064a \u0648\/\u0623\u0648 \u062a\u0632\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633.<\/p>\n

\u0628) \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629<\/strong>: \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062e\u0631\u0627\u0637 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0646\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639 \u0644\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0628\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0648\u0643\u0631\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646.<\/p>\n

\u062c) \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0642\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629<\/strong>: \u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0644\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0639\u0648\u0629 \u0644\u0625\u0642\u0635\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u064a\u0631.<\/p>\n

3. \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631<\/h2>\n

\u0623) \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0628\u0642\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0647\u0646<\/strong>: \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0641\u0627\u0638 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0636\u0627\u0639 \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0625\u0628\u0642\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0645\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0632\u0627\u062a.<\/p>\n

\u0628) \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0643\u0644\u064a<\/strong>: \u062f\u0639\u0645 \u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0644\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0633 \u0628\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0646 \u0637\u0631\u0641 \u062d\u0643\u0645 \u062a\u0633\u0644\u0651\u0637\u064a.<\/p>\n

\u062c) \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644\u064a<\/strong>: \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062e\u0631\u0627\u0637 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0648\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a \u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u064a\u060c \u0625\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u062c\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0636\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0644\u0651\u0637\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 (\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d)\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u062c\u0630\u0631\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0644\u0651\u0637\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c (\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0643\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629).<\/p>\n

4. \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0641<\/h2>\n

\u0623) \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0639\u0646\u0641<\/strong>: \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0639\u0646\u0641 (\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a) \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u062d\u0635\u0631\u064a \u0644\u0625\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a.<\/p>\n

\u0628) \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639<\/strong>: \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0642\u0631\u0651\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0651\u0646\u0629 \u0648\u0628\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0637 \u0645\u062d\u062f\u0651\u062f\u0629.<\/p>\n

\u062c) \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0637\u0631\u0651\u0641<\/strong>: \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062e\u0631\u0627\u0637 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0639\u0646\u0641 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u062a\u0646\u062a\u0647\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628.<\/p>\n

\u0639\u0634\u0631 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0648\u0636\u064a\u062d\u064a\u0629<\/h1>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0645\u0651 \u0639\u0631\u0636\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621\u064b \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0645\u0651 \u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062b\u0646\u062a\u064a \u0639\u0634\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0630\u0643\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0647 (3 + 3 + 3 + 3)\u060c \u062a\u0641\u062a\u062d \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u064b\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0651\u0633\u0639 \u0644\u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f \u0648\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u062d\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a (3 × 3 × 3 × 3)\u060c \u0627\u0645\u062a\u062f\u0627\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 1 (\u062a\u062c\u0646\u0651\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0647\u0646\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0639\u0646\u0641) \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 81 (\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0642\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0637\u0631\u0651\u0641). \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0639\u0634\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u0645\u062b\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0623\u062d\u0632\u0627\u0628 \u0648\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0637\u0631\u0642 \u0648\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0648\u0636\u0651\u062d \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0645\u064a\u064a\u0632 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u0647\u064a \u062a\u063a\u0637\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u0629: \u062a\u064a\u0651\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062e\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0651\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0641\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0651\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u0641\u064a.<\/p>\n

1. \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062e\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0646<\/h2>\n

\u0623) \u0627\u0644\u0625\u063a\u0627\u062b\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 – \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645<\/strong>: \u062a\u0623\u0633\u0633\u062a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 1984 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0650\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0647\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627. \u0648\u0623\u0635\u0628\u062d\u062a \u0628\u0639\u062f 35 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0631\u0627\u0626\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062a: \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 31 (\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0645\u062a\u062b\u0627\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0639\u0646\u0641).<\/p>\n

\u0628) \u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u062d\u0645\u0627\u0633 – \u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646<\/strong>: \u062a\u0623\u0633\u0633\u062a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 1987 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0650\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u064a\u062e \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0644\u064a. \u0644\u0647\u0627 \u062c\u0646\u0627\u062d \u0645\u0633\u0644\u0651\u062d\u060c \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0626\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0633\u0627\u0645: \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 44 (\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0645\u062a\u062b\u0627\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639).<\/p>\n

\u062c) \u062d\u0632\u0628 \u062d\u0645\u0627\u0633 – \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0626\u0631<\/strong>: \u062a\u0623\u0633\u0651\u0633 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0632\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 1990 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0634\u064a\u062e \u0645\u062d\u0641\u0648\u0638 \u0646\u062d\u0646\u0627\u062d. \u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0633\u0643\u0631\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 1992\u060c \u0648\u0628\u0631\u0651\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u062a\u0644\u0627\u0647\u060c \u0648\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643 \u0641\u064a “\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646” \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0639\u064a\u0651\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0633\u0643\u0631: \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 49 (\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0645\u062a\u062b\u0627\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0642\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0643\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0639\u0646\u0641).<\/p>\n

2. \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0629<\/h2>\n

\u0623) \u062d\u0632\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 – \u0645\u0635\u0631<\/strong>: \u062a\u0623\u0633\u0651\u0633 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0632\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 2011 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0650\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0629. \u0627\u0646\u062e\u0631\u0637 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0635\u0637\u0641\u0651 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u062b\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0632\u0627\u0628 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649: \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 43 (\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0645\u062a\u062b\u0627\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0639\u0646\u0641).<\/p>\n

\u0628) \u062d\u0632\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0631 – \u0645\u0635\u0631<\/strong>: \u062a\u0645\u0651 \u062a\u0623\u0633\u064a\u0633 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0632\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 2011 \u0645\u0646 \u0637\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0639\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0629. \u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 2013 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0633\u0643\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0642\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0633\u064a: \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 46 (\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0645\u062a\u062b\u0627\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0642\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0628\u0642\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0647\u0646\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0639\u0646\u0641).<\/p>\n

\u062c) \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0629 – \u0644\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0627<\/strong>: \u062a\u0648\u0627\u062c\u062f\u062a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0644\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0627 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0639\u0627\u0645 2011 \u0648\u062f\u0639\u0645\u062a \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0630\u0627\u0641\u064a\u060c \u062b\u0645\u0651 \u0627\u0643\u062a\u0633\u0628\u062a \u0645\u0632\u064a\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0648\u0630 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0633\u0642\u0648\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0646 \u062d\u0644\u064a\u0641 \u0644\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0634 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u064a\u0628\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u062e\u0644\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u062d\u0641\u062a\u0631: \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 57 (\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0628\u0642\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0647\u0646\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0637\u0631\u0651\u0641).<\/p>\n

\u062f) \u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 – \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0645<\/strong>: \u062a\u0645\u0651 \u0625\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0642 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\/\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0633\u0643\u0631\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 2003 \u0648\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0636\u0629 \u0636\u062f \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0632\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0646\u0628\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0639\u0644\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 2014: \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 81 (\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0642\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0637\u0631\u0651\u0641).<\/p>\n

3. \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0629<\/h2>\n

\u0623) \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0629 – \u063a\u0631\u0628 \u0623\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0627<\/strong>: \u062a\u0623\u0633\u0633\u062a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 1883 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0650\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u064a\u062e \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0628\u0645\u0628\u0627 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0643\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u064f\u0637\u0644\u0642 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0644\u0642\u0628 “\u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0646\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a”\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0642\u0627\u062f \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0627\u0639\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0636\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0629: \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 31 (\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0645\u062a\u062b\u0627\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0639\u0646\u0641).<\/p>\n

\u0628) \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0629 – \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0626\u0631<\/strong>: \u0623\u0633\u0651\u0633 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u064a\u062e \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0644\u0627\u0646\u064a (1077-1166). \u0648\u0642\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0628\u0646 \u0645\u062d\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u0645\u064a \u0644\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u0644\u062d\u0629 \u062f\u0627\u0645\u062a 17 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u064b\u0627 (1830-1847) \u0636\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u064a \u0648\u0641\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0623\u0633\u0645\u0649 \u0623\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0648\u0628: \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 44 (\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0645\u062a\u062b\u0627\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639).<\/p>\n

\u062c) \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u062d\u0643\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0646 – \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629<\/strong>: \u062a\u0623\u0633\u0633\u062a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 2014 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0650\u0628\u0644 \u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0630\u0631\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0648\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u064f\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0641\u0633 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u064a: \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 46 (\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0645\u062a\u062b\u0627\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0642\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0628\u0642\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0647\u0646\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0639\u0646\u0641).<\/p>\n

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\n

\u0627\u0644\u0625\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a<\/h4>\n

[1]<\/a> Abbas Aroua. Sufism, Politics and Violence: Reading Notes. Cordoba Peace Institute – Geneva. September 2017. Available online  at: https:\/\/bit.ly\/2K8EyGU<\/a><\/p>\n

[2]<\/a> Abbas Aroua. The Salafiscape in the wake of the ‘Arab spring’. Cordoba Peace Institute – Geneva. Second Edition. October 2017. Available online at: https:\/\/bit.ly\/33ANdd5<\/a><\/p>\n

[3]<\/a> Sophie Louet and Sudip Kar-Gupta. France needs ‘society of vigilance’ against Islamist ‘Hydra’: Macron. Reuters. 8 October 2019. Available online at: https:\/\/reut.rs\/2PYAqwS<\/a><\/p>\n

[4]<\/a> François-Xavier Bourmaud. Préfecture de Paris : Macron veut une « société de vigilance » face à l’Islam radical. French Daily Newspaper Le Figaro. 8 October 2019. Available online at: https:\/\/bit.ly\/32rFlch<\/a><\/p>\n

[5]<\/a> Radicalisation : Castaner évoque les « signes qui doivent être relevés ». LCP Channel. 8 October 2019. Available online at: https:\/\/bit.ly\/34Q2veh<\/a><\/p>\n

[6]<\/a> Abbas Aroua. Addressing Violence and Extremism: The Importance of Terminology. Cordoba Peace Institute – Geneva. January 2018. Available online at: https:\/\/bit.ly\/2qD7HmU<\/a><\/p>\n

[7]<\/a> Abbas Aroua. Soyons vigilants face aux dérives d’une « société de vigilance » ! Mediapart. 11 October 2019. Available online at: https:\/\/bit.ly\/2NvsRMv<\/a><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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