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\u0645\u062a\u0646\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0646\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0635\u0648\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0643\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0639\u0646 \u0643\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u062f\u0645\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062a\u062f\u0644\u0629 \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0633\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u064a\u0624\u0648\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0647 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0641\u0627\u0621. \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645\u060c \u0644\u0642\u062f \u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647 \u0628\u062b\u0642\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u062a\u0635\u0627\u0639\u062f\u064a \u064a\u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0643\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u064a\u0641\u060c \u0648\u0631\u0624\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a \u0643\u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

\n

[1]<\/a> UN General Assembly, “Plan of Action to Prevent Violent Extremism<\/a>,” United Nations (24 December 2015).<\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629<\/span>\u060c “\u062e\u0637\u0637 \u0641\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0646\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u064a\u0641”<\/a><\/span>\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 (24 \u062f\u064a\u0633\u0645\u0628\u0631\/\u0643\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 2015).<\/span><\/p>\n

[2]<\/a> UNESCO Office for Iraq, “Literacy and Non-Formal Education in Iraq<\/a>,” UNESCO (2017).<\/p>\n

\u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0633\u0643\u0648 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642\u060c “<\/span>\u0645\u062d\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0645\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642<\/a><\/span>\u060c” \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0633\u0643\u0648 (2017).<\/span><\/p>\n

[3]<\/a> Lazgin Barany, “Teaching of Religious Education in Iraqi State Schools and the Status of Minorities in Iraq: A Critical Review<\/a>,” International Journal of Arts & Sciences (2013), 454.<\/p>\n

\u0644\u0627\u0632\u062c\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u0646\u064a\u060c “<\/span>\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062d\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642: \u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639\u0629 \u0646\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0629<\/a><\/span>\u060c” \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0641\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 (2013)\u060c 454.<\/span><\/p>\n

[4]<\/a> Margaret Wenger, “The Educational System in Iraq: An Overview<\/a>,” NAFSA (August 2016).<\/p>\n

\u0645\u0627\u0631\u062c\u0631\u064a\u062a \u0648\u064a\u0646\u062c\u0631\u060c “<\/span>\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642: \u0646\u0638\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629<\/a><\/span>\u060c” <\/span>\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u064a\u0646<\/span> (\u0623\u063a\u0633\u0637\u0633\/\u0622\u0628 2016).<\/span><\/p>\n

[5]<\/a> Shelly Kittleson, “Education and Religion to Fight IS Mentality in Anbar<\/a>,” Al-Monitor (17 April 2019).<\/p>\n

\u0634\u064a\u0644\u064a \u0643\u064a\u062a\u0644\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0646\u060c “<\/span>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0639\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0628\u0627\u0631<\/a><\/span>\u060c” \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0646\u064a\u062a\u0648\u0631 (17 \u0623\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0644\/\u0646\u064a\u0633\u0627\u0646 2019).<\/span><\/p>\n

[6]<\/a> UNESCO International Bureau of Education, “Iraq<\/a>,” World Data on Education (2010-2011), 7th ed, 7-9, 11-12, 14-17.<\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0633\u0643\u0648\u060c “\u0627<\/span>\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642<\/a><\/span>\u060c” \u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 (2010-2011)\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0639\u060c 7-9\u060c 11-12\u060c 14-17. <\/span><\/p>\n

[7]<\/a> Barany, 457.<\/p>\n

\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u0646\u064a\u060c 457.<\/span><\/p>\n

[8]<\/a> The presence of religious studies courses other than Islamic studies exists primarily in Iraqi-Kurdistan, which is generally known for having more religiously, ethnically, and linguistically diverse student bodies. (Barany, 462.)<\/p>\n

\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u0631\u062f\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0639\u0645\u0648\u0645\u0627\u064b \u0628\u062a\u0641\u0648\u0642\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0642\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0648\u064a. (\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0640 462.)<\/span><\/p>\n

<\/span><\/p>\n

[9]<\/a> Saad Solloum, “Christian School in Basra Welcomes Muslim Students<\/a>,” Al-Monitor (30 November 2017).<\/p>\n

\u0633\u0639\u062f \u0633\u0644\u0648\u0645\u060c “<\/span>\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u064a\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0635\u0631\u0629 \u062a\u0631\u062d\u0628 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0646<\/a><\/span>\u060c” \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0646\u064a\u062a\u0648\u0631 (30 \u0646\u0648\u0641\u0645\u0628\u0631\/ \u062a\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a 2017).<\/span><\/p>\n

[10]<\/a> Solloum.<\/p>\n

\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0645.<\/span><\/p>\n

[11]<\/a> Dorsa Jabbari, “Iraq’s Islamic Seminaries Revive since Saddam Hussein’s Death<\/a>,” Al Jazeera (9 May 2019).<\/p>\n

\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0633\u0627 \u062c\u0628\u0627\u0631\u064a\u060c “<\/span>\u0639\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0648\u0641\u0627\u0629 \u0635\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646<\/a><\/span>\u060c” \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u064a\u0631\u0629 (9 \u0645\u0627\u064a\u0648\/ \u0623\u064a\u0627\u0631 2019).<\/span><\/p>\n

[12]<\/a> Ali Mamouri, “Students at Qom Seminary are Leaving for Najaf<\/a>,” Al-Monitor (10 October 2018).<\/p>\n

\u0639\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0645\u0648\u0631\u064a\u060c “<\/span>\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0639\u0647\u062f \u0642\u0645 \u064a\u063a\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0639\u0647\u062f \u0646\u062c\u0641<\/a><\/span>\u060c” \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0646\u064a\u062a\u0648\u0631 (10 \u0623\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0628\u0631\/\u062a\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 2018).<\/span><\/p>\n

[13]<\/a> Kittleson.<\/p>\n

\u0643\u064a\u062a\u0644\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0646.<\/span><\/p>\n

[14]<\/a> College of Islamic Studies, “College Vision and Mission<\/a>,” University of Anbar.<\/p>\n

\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c “<\/span>\u0631\u0624\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0647\u0645\u062a\u0647\u0627<\/a><\/span>\u060c” \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0628\u0627\u0631.<\/span><\/p>\n

[15]<\/a> United Religions Initiative, “URI MENA<\/a>.”<\/p>\n

“.<\/span>URI MENA<\/span><\/a><\/span>\u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629\u060c “<\/span><\/p>\n

[16]<\/a> United Religions Initiative, “Iraq Youth for Dialogue and Coexistence CC<\/a>,” URI MENA.<\/p>\n

\u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062c\u062f\u0629\u060c <\/span>“\u0634\u0628\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062c\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u064a\u0634<\/a><\/span>\u060c” \u064a\u0648 \u0622\u0631 \u0622\u064a \u0645\u064a\u0646\u0627.<\/span><\/p>\n

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\u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0624\u062b\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0627\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0635\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0634\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0637 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0633\u0639\u0649 \u0644\u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a. \u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 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