{"id":564,"date":"2012-06-03T18:44:00","date_gmt":"2012-06-03T17:44:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/cpi-geneva.org\/ar\/2012\/06\/03\/advisory-committee\/"},"modified":"2024-06-18T13:59:59","modified_gmt":"2024-06-18T12:59:59","slug":"advisory-committee","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/cpi-geneva.org\/ar\/advisory-committee\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0627\u0644\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

ENGLISH<\/a> | FRANCAIS<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n

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\u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0624\u0644\u0641 \u0623\u0648 \u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0623\u0644\u064a\u0641 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 1600 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 160 \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u0629 \u060c \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 (1996) \u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0631\u062e\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646 (\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0643 \u0645\u0639 \u0633\u0647\u064a\u0644 \u0639\u0646\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u060c 1997) \u060c \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0631\u0627\u0639 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 (1998) \u064a\u0648\u0647\u0627\u0646 \u0623\u0648\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0627\u0646\u062f (\u0633\u064a\u0631\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u060c 2000) \u060c \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0632 \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0648\u064a\u0644: \u0645\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0631\u0627\u0639 (2004 \u060c 25 \u0644\u063a\u0629) \u060c 50 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u064b\u0627 – 100 \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0631\u0627\u0639 (2008) \u060c \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0629 – \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 – \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 (\u0645\u0639 \u0628\u0648\u0644 \u0633\u0643\u0648\u062a \u060c 2008) ) \u060c 50 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u064b\u0627 – 25 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0643\u0634\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0638\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0629 (2008) \u060c \u0639\u0648\u0644\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 (\u0645\u0639 Graeme MacQueen \u060c 2008) \u060c \u0633\u0642\u0648\u0637 \u0625\u0645\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0637\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 – \u0648\u0645\u0627\u0630\u0627 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0630\u0644\u0643 (2009) \u060c \u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 (\u0645\u0639 \u062c\u0627\u0643 \u0633\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0631\u0627 \u0648\u0641\u0631\u064a\u062f \u200b\u200b\u062f\u0648\u0628\u064a \u060c 2009) \u060c \u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0631\u0627\u0639 (2010) \u060c \u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 (2010) \u060c \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0628\u0644\u0627\u063a \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0631\u0627\u0639: \u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647\u0627\u062a \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0635\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 (\u0645\u0639 \u062c\u064a\u0643 \u0644\u064a\u0646\u0634 \u0648\u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u0627\u0643\u062c\u0648\u0644\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0643 \u060c 2010) \u060c \u0643\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627: \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u062a\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0648\u062d\u064a\u062f (\u0645\u0639 \u062c\u0627\u064a \u0628\u0648\u0646\u062c \u0644\u064a \u060c 2011) ) \u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0629 (\u0645\u0639 \u062c\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0627 \u0633\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0631\u0627 \u0648\u062f\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u060c 2012) \u060c \u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 (\u0645\u0639 \u062f\u064a\u062a\u0631\u064a\u0634 \u0641\u064a\u0634\u0631 \u060c 2012) \u060c \u0648\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 (2012) \u060c \u0648\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0636\u0627\u0631\u0629 (\u0633\u062a\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0641\u064a 2013) \u060c \u0648\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 (2013). \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 2008 \u060c \u0623\u0633\u0633 \u0645\u0637\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 TRANSCEND. \u062a\u0645\u062a \u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0629 36 \u0645\u0646 \u0643\u062a\u0628\u0647 \u0625\u0644\u0649 33 \u0644\u063a\u0629 \u060c \u0644\u064a\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639 134 \u0645\u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u064b\u0627.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0645\u062d\u0631\u0631 \u0623\u0633\u0628\u0648\u0639\u064a \u0641\u064a TRANSCEND Media Service-TMS \u060c \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0635\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644\u0648\u0644.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633 (\u0639\u0627\u0645 2000) \u0648\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633 \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 TRANSCEND Peace University \u060c \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0623\u0648\u0644 \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0646\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645. \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633 \u0648\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0631 TRANSCEND International \u060c \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0634\u0628\u0643\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0631\u0628\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u060c \u062a\u0623\u0633\u0633\u062a \u0639\u0627\u0645 1993 \u060c \u0648\u062a\u0636\u0645 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 500 \u0639\u0636\u0648 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 70 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645. \u0643\u062f\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u0631\u062b\u0647 \u060c \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0646 \u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0633 \u0648\u0628\u062d\u062b \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0623\u0646\u062d\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0648\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0647\u0648\u062f \u0635\u0646\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0632\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0633\u064f\u062c\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0631\u0648\u064a\u062c \u0644\u0645\u062f\u0629 \u0633\u062a\u0629 \u0623\u0634\u0647\u0631 \u0639\u0646 \u0639\u0645\u0631 \u064a\u0646\u0627\u0647\u0632 24 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u0645\u0639\u062a\u0631\u0636\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0633\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u062f\u0627\u0641\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0645\u064a\u0631 \u060c \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0623\u0646 \u0623\u0645\u0636\u0649 12 \u0634\u0647\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u060c \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u064a\u0624\u062f\u0649 \u0641\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0633\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 6 \u0623\u0634\u0647\u0631 \u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0625\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062c\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u060c \u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0631\u064f\u0641\u0636. \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u062c\u0646 \u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 \u060c \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u063a\u0627\u0646\u062f\u064a \u060c \u0645\u0639 \u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0647 \u0622\u0631\u0646\u064a \u0646\u064a\u0633.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0628\u0635\u0641\u062a\u0647 \u062d\u0627\u0635\u0644\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u062b\u0646\u062a\u064a \u0639\u0634\u0631\u0629 \u0634\u0647\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u062f\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0647 \u0641\u062e\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0623\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0630\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0645\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0632\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u060c \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u062c\u0627\u0626\u0632\u0629 Right Livability Award (\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0648\u0641\u0629 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u0645 \u062c\u0627\u0626\u0632\u0629 \u0646\u0648\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062f\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645) \u060c \u064a\u0638\u0644 \u064a\u0648\u0647\u0627\u0646 \u063a\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0646\u063a \u0645\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632\u0647.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

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\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062c\u0644 \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u062d\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0621<\/h3>

\u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f\u0648 \u0648\u0644\u062f \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647<\/h2>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u062f \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f\u0648 \u0648\u0644\u062f \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0647\u0648 \u0645\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0646 \u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u062d\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0621.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0645\u0646 \u0639\u0627\u0645 1971 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0627\u0645 1985 \u060c \u0634\u063a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u062f \u0648\u0644\u062f \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0644\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0644\u064a \u060c \u0645\u0648\u0631\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627 \u060c \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0628 \u0631\u0641\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0643\u0639\u0636\u0648 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0632\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0648\u0632\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0624\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0645\u0627\u0626\u064a. \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0633\u0641\u064a\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062d\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u064a.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0627\u0646\u0636\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u062f \u0648\u0644\u062f \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0643\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631 \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0623\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0648\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0639\u0627\u0645 1985 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0627\u0645 1996 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0628 \u060c \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0645\u0646\u0635\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0646\u062f\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0633\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062c\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0642\u0636\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0645\u0646 \u0639\u0627\u0645 1996 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0627\u0645 2002 \u060c \u0634\u063a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u062f \u0648\u0644\u062f \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0645\u0646\u0635\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630\u064a \u0644\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062c\u0644 \u0623\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0627 \u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0646\u062a\u062f\u0649 \u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u064a \u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0645\u0642\u0631\u0647 \u0648\u0627\u0634\u0646\u0637\u0646 \u0645\u062e\u0635\u0635 \u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0645\u0646 \u0639\u0627\u0645 2002 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0622\u0628 \/ \u0623\u063a\u0633\u0637\u0633 2007 \u060c \u0634\u063a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u062f \u0648\u0644\u062f \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0645\u0646\u0635\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u063a\u0631\u0628 \u0623\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u0646\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0637\u0629 \u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0634\u0623\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062c\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u062d\u0643\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0634\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0645. \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0641\u064a \u0633\u0628\u062a\u0645\u0628\u0631 2007 \u060c \u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0639\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u062f \u0648\u0644\u062f \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0643\u0645\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0644\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u0645\u0627\u0644.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u062f \u0648\u0644\u062f \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0639\u0636\u0648\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0627\u062a \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0633\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0627\u062a. \u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u0642\u0636\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0632\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0648\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646. \u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0647 “La Diplomatie Pyromane” \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0628\u0644 Calmann-L\u00e9vy \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 1996. \u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0647 “\u0628\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0646\u062f\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0629” \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0645\u0639\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 (USIP) \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 2000.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0648\u0644\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u062f \u0648\u0644\u062f \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0639\u0627\u0645 1940 \u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0645\u062a\u0632\u0648\u062c \u0648\u0644\u0647 \u0648\u0644\u062f.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

\n\t
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\n\t\t\t\t\t

\u0645\u0641\u0643\u0631 \u0648\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u062a\u0648\u0646\u0633\u064a<\/h3>

\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u0631\u0634\u064a<\/h2>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u062f \u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u0631\u0634\u064a \u0645\u0641\u0643\u0631 \u0648\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u062a\u0648\u0646\u0633\u064a. \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0626\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0648\u0646\u0633. \u0639\u0636\u0648 \u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633 \u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062f \u0648\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633 \u062a\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u062c\u0631\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0623\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u062e\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0642\u0636\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a. \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u062f \u062c\u0648\u0631\u0634\u064a \u0647\u0648 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627 \u0645\u0646\u0633\u0642 \u0644\u062c\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0648\u062b \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0634\u0628\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629. \u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

\n\t
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\n\t\t\t\t\"\"\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t
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\n\t\t\t\t\t

\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a<\/h3>

\u0641\u0631\u0627\u0646\u0633\u0648\u0627 \u0628\u0648\u0631\u063a\u0627\u062a<\/h2>\n

\u0641\u0631\u0627\u0646\u0633\u0648\u0627 \u0628\u0648\u0631\u063a\u0627\u062a \u0647\u0648 \u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b \u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 WAFAW \u0648\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b \u0623\u0648\u0644 (DR1) \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a CNRS \u0648\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0647 \u0641\u064a IREMAM \u0641\u064a Aix-en-Provence. \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0627\u064a\u0648 2008 \u0648\u0623\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0644 2013 \u0645\u062f\u064a\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0642 (IFPO) \u0648\u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0630\u0644\u0643 (1997-2003) \u062a\u0631\u0623\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0634\u064a\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0635\u0646\u0639\u0627\u0621 (CEFAS).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u064a\u062a\u0642\u0646 \u0641\u0631\u0627\u0646\u0633\u0648\u0627 \u0628\u0648\u0631\u063a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u060c \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0643\u0631\u0633 \u062d\u064a\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0635\u0631. \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u060c \u062a\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629. \u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639 \u0628\u0623\u0646 \u0646\u0647\u062c\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0628\u062a\u0643\u0631 \u0645\u0646\u0630 \u0623\u0646 \u0633\u0644\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0648\u0621 \u0641\u064a \u0648\u0642\u062a \u0645\u0628\u0643\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062c\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0631\u0627\u0633\u062e\u0629 \u0628\u0639\u0645\u0642 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u062f\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062c\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u0642\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0634\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0635\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0623\u0646\u0647\u0645 \u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0648\u0646.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u062c \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0631\u0628 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u064a\u0642\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062f\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u060c \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0627\u0643\u062a\u0633\u0628 \u0631\u0648\u0627\u062c\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u062a\u0632\u0627\u064a\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u060c \u0648\u064a\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0648\u062b \u0648\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0643\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0641\u0631\u0627\u0646\u0633\u0648\u0627 \u0628\u0648\u0631\u063a\u0627\u062a \u0646\u0647\u062c\u064b\u0627 \u0633\u0645\u062d \u0644\u0647 \u0628\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0623\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u062f\u064a\u0629 (\u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u062f\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u062b\u0641 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0648\u0634\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0625\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u062a\u0645 \u062a\u062c\u0633\u064a\u062f\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u062e\u0645\u0633\u0629 \u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0645\u0646 \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u0629 \u062a\u0645\u062a \u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062e\u0645\u0633 \u0644\u063a\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0623\u0639\u064a\u062f \u0637\u0628\u0639\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u062a \u060c \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0631\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u062c\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062a) \u0623\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0623\u0646\u0634\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c. \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u064a 2007 \u0648 2010 \u060c \u0642\u0627\u062f \u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0645\u0633\u0629 \u0639\u0634\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0625\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c “\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u064a\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0631\u0633\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u0627: \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0641 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0641 (\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0636\u0627\u062f)” \u0628\u062a\u0645\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0643\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0628\u062d\u0627\u062b. \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0646\u0627\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u060c \u0646\u062c\u062d \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0635\u0635\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0642 \u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0635\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0641 \u062a\u0631\u0628\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0626\u064a (\u0627\u0644\u0647\u062c\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0631\u0647\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a) \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u0643\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0643\u0644\u064a (\u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0648\u0627\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u060c \u0648\u0642\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0645).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0645\u0633 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0642\u0636\u0627\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0648\u0634\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0625\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0627 \u0637\u0648\u0627\u0644 \u062d\u064a\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u060c \u0641\u0642\u062f \u0646\u0641\u0630 \u0648\u0623\u062c\u0631\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0628\u0639\u062b\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u062f\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0634\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0633\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0646 (2007 \u0648 2008) \u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0644\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0639\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0629 (2003 \u060c 2006) \u0623\u0648 \u0625\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646 (2008). \u062a\u0645\u062a \u062f\u0639\u0648\u062a\u0647 \u0643\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0636\u0631 \u0636\u064a\u0641 \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0624\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0639 \u062a\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642 \u0628\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 WAFAW \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0628\u0644 73 \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 30 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629. \u062a\u0645\u062a \u062f\u0639\u0648\u062a\u0647 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 130 \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0643\u0632 \u0623\u0628\u062d\u0627\u062b \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0648\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 35 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629. \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0646\u0630 2013 \u0639\u0636\u0648 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0628\u0631\u0632 \u0645\u0646\u0634\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0629: L’islamisme \u00e0 l’heure d’Al-Qaida: r\u00e9islamisation\u060c Modernization\u060c Radicalisation\u060c Paris: La D\u00e9couverte\u060c 2005 (\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062f\u062b\u0629 \u0641\u064a 2010) (\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629: Bellaterra 2006\u060c Arabic: Cadmus 2007\u060c English : \u0645\u0637\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u062a\u0643\u0633\u0627\u0633 2008) \u061b L’Islamisme en face\u060c Paris: La D\u00e9couverte\u060c 2002 (\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062f\u062b\u0629 \u0641\u064a 2007) (\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u062a\u063a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629: Instituto Piaget\u060c 1995\u060c Spanish: Bellaterra 1996\u060c English: IB Tauris 2002) and L’Islamisme au Maghreb: la voix du Sud\u060c \u0628\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0633 \u060c \u0643\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0627\u0644\u0627 \u060c 1988 (\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062f\u062b\u0629 \u0628\u0648\u0627\u0633\u0637\u0629 Payot Petite Biblioth\u00e8que \u0641\u064a 2008). (\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062c\u0644\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0629: \u0645\u0637\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u062a\u0643\u0633\u0627\u0633 \u060c 1993-1997 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629: SEI \u060c 1995 \u060c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629: \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u060c 2001).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0641\u064a \u0625\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0647 \u0643\u0645\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 WAFAW \u060c \u064a\u0642\u0648\u062f \u0641\u0631\u0627\u0646\u0633\u0648\u0627 \u0628\u0648\u0631\u063a\u0627\u062a \u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 9 \u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0642\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u062a\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639\u0647\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0633\u064a\u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u062f\u0621\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0633\u0628\u062a\u0645\u0628\u0631 2013. \u062a\u0645 \u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0623\u0628\u062d\u0627\u062b\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0642 \u0645\u0639 \u064a\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642 WAFAW \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0647 \u0648\u0632\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629. \u0633\u0648\u0641 \u064a\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0623\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0628\u0639\u062b\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u062f\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0633\u064a\u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630\u0647\u0627.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

\n\t
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\n\t\t\t\t\t

\u0633\u0641\u064a\u0631 \u0633\u0648\u064a\u0633\u0631\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642 \u0641\u064a \u0642\u0637\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u0648\u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u0644\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0631\u0628<\/h3>

\u0645\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0646 \u0625\u064a\u0634\u0628\u0627\u062e\u0631<\/h2>\n

\u0645\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0646 \u0625\u064a\u0634\u0628\u0627\u062e\u0631 \u0647\u0648 \u0633\u0641\u064a\u0631 \u0633\u0648\u064a\u0633\u0631\u064a \u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642 \u0641\u064a \u0642\u0637\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u0648\u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u0644\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0631\u0628 \u0648\u062f\u0628\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0645\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0633 \u0644\u062f\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0646\u0628\u0647\u0627\u0631 \u0639\u0645\u064a\u0642 \u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0648\u0634\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0625\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0627. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u062a\u0645 \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u062b\u0631\u0648\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0639\u0647\u0627 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0628\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0648\u0633\u0643\u0648 \u0641\u064a \u0638\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0641\u064a\u062a\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0643\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0628\u0631\u0627\u063a \u0648\u0628\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0633.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u062f\u0631\u0633 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0639\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0642 \u0623\u0648\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0628\u0631\u0646 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0639\u064a\u0634 \u0648\u064a\u062f\u0631\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0645\u0634\u0642 \u0648\u062d\u0644\u0628. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0628\u0639\u062f \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u0628\u062f\u0623 \u062d\u064a\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0635\u0644\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0645\u0631 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0627\u0642\u0647 \u0628\u0648\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u064a\u0633\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 1985.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0645\u0646\u062d\u062a\u0647 \u0645\u0633\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u062f \u0627\u064a\u0634\u0628\u0627\u062e\u0631 \u062e\u0628\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629\u060c \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0641\u064a \u0644\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0627\u060c \u0641\u064a \u0638\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u062f\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0639\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0630\u0627\u0641\u064a. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642\u060c \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0648\u0642\u062a \u0642\u0635\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0646\u0647\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0639\u062b \u0644\u0635\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646\u061b \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627\u060c \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0636\u0637\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0636\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0645 2011.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

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\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0628\u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0634\u0628\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629<\/h3>

\u0645\u0635\u0637\u0641\u0649 \u0633\u0648\u0627\u06a4<\/h2>\n

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\u062f\u0628\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0648\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0625\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0648\u0639\u0636\u0648 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0632\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0643\u064a<\/h3>

\u0645\u064a\u063a\u064a\u0644 \u0623\u0646\u062e\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0646\u0648\u0633<\/h2>\n

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\u0641\u064a \u0641\u062c\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u060c \u0628\u062f\u0623 \u062d\u064a\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0628\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633 \u0644\u0642\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0642 \u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u064a 1977 \u0648 1980. \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0646\u0647\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0645 1980 \u060c \u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0639\u064a\u064a\u0646\u0647 \u0633\u0643\u0631\u062a\u064a\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0623\u0648\u0644\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0633\u0641\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u064a\u0648\u063a\u0648\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u0638\u0644 \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0639\u0627\u0645 1984 \u0648 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0634\u063a\u0644 \u0645\u0646\u0635\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644. \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0628\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0637 \u060c \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0629 \u0643\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631 \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a \u060c \u0648\u0628\u0642\u064a \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u064a 1984 \u0648 1987.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0645\u0639 \u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u064a\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u200b\u200b\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u060c \u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0639\u064a\u064a\u0646\u0647 \u0646\u0627\u0626\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0644\u0634\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0625\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0627 (1987-1991) \u062b\u0645 \u0645\u062f\u064a\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0645\u0639\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a (1991-1993). \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0647\u062f \u060c \u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0639\u064a\u064a\u0646\u0647 \u0645\u062f\u064a\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0625\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u060c \u0648\u0634\u063a\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0635\u0628 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u064a 1993 \u0648 1996 \u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645 \u0645\u0624\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062f\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0639\u0627\u0645 1992. \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0643\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u0633\u0641\u064a\u0631\u0627 \u0644\u0625\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0625\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u064a\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0648 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062f\u064a\u0633\u0645\u0628\u0631 1996 \u060c \u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0639\u064a\u064a\u0646\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062d\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u064a \u0643\u0645\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062d\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u064a \u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u060c \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0645\u0647\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u062f\u064a\u0633\u0645\u0628\u0631 1996 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u064a\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0648 2003. \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 \u060c \u0631\u0648\u062c \u0644\u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u0646\u0641\u0630\u062a \u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0646\u064a\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062d\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u064a \u0644\u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0644\u064a \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u064a\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u200b\u200b\u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0632\u062f\u0647\u0627\u0631.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0628\u0639\u062f \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0628\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u062b\u0641 \u060c \u0627\u0646\u062e\u0631\u0637 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0646\u062a\u062e\u0628 \u0639\u0636\u0648\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u062d\u0632\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0643\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0646\u064a (PSOE) \u0644\u062f\u0627\u0626\u0631\u0629 \u0642\u0631\u0637\u0628\u0629. \u0641\u064a 18 \u0623\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0644 2004 \u0639\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0632\u064a\u0631\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646. \u0641\u064a \u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 \u0631\u0626\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0647 \u0644\u0644\u0642\u0633\u0645 \u060c \u062a\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0631\u0626\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u0627 (OSCE) \u060c \u0648\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u0627 \u0648\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u0627. \u0627\u062a\u062d\u0627\u062f. \u0639\u0632\u0632 \u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0647\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0634\u0628\u0648\u0646\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0647\u062f\u0629 \u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062d\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u064a.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0628\u0635\u0641\u062a\u0647 \u0648\u0632\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0648\u0632\u064a\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u060c \u0641\u0642\u062f \u0639\u0632\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u060c \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0636\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u060c \u0648\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u062f\u0642\u0627\u0621 \u0644\u0625\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u060c \u0648\u0633\u0627\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0625\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0621 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0645\u0628\u062a\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u060c \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0639\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0623\u0629 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629. \u0631\u0648\u062c \u0644\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0648\u0635\u0646\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0642 \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0645\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629. \u0641\u064a \u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u062a\u0647 \u0643\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0631 \u060c \u0636\u0627\u0639\u0641 \u0623\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0645\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062c\u0639\u0644 \u0625\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627 \u0633\u0627\u062f\u0633 \u0645\u0627\u0646\u062d \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0639\u0646\u062f \u0625\u0646\u0647\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0646\u0635\u0628\u0647 \u0643\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0631 \u060c \u0641\u064a 20 \u0623\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0628\u0631 2010 \u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0646\u0648\u0641\u0645\u0628\u0631 2011. \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 \u060c \u062a\u0631\u0634\u062d \u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0628 \u0645\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u063a\u0630\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0632\u0631\u0627\u0639\u0629 (\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0648) \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062c\u0644 \u0645\u0643\u0627\u0641\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u0639 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0631 \u0648\u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0630\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0630\u0627\u0621.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0641\u064a \u064a\u0646\u0627\u064a\u0631 2012 \u060c \u0627\u0646\u0636\u0645 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0642\u0637\u0631 \u0648\u0642\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0648\u064a\u062c \u0644\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0647\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0630\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 15 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u0636\u0648 \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a. \u0645\u0646 \u0639\u0627\u0645 2012 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0627\u0645 2013 \u060c \u0631\u0648\u062c \u0644\u062a\u0648\u0642\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0647\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0641 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0642\u0637\u0631 \u060c \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0639\u0636\u0648\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0631\u0641\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u062d\u0635\u0644 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u062d\u064a\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0632 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0633\u0645\u0629 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0645\u0633\u064a\u0631\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0628\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629. \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a \u060c \u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0628\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u064a\u063a\u064a\u0644 \u0623\u0646\u062e\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0646\u0648\u0633 \u0628\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062e\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0633\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0628\u0637\u0631\u0633\u0628\u0631\u063a \u060c \u0645\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627 \u060c \u0648\u0643\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0645\u0646 \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0628\u0646 \u063a\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0625\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0644 \u060c \u0648\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0633 \u0648\u062a\u0644 \u0623\u0628\u064a\u0628.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0636\u0631 \u0645\u0646\u062a\u0638\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u060c \u0641\u0636\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0646 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0643\u0627\u062a\u0628 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u063a\u0632\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0641\u064a \u0625\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u0647\u0627. \u0645\u0646\u0630 \u0639\u0627\u0645 2011 \u060c \u064a\u064f\u062f\u0631\u0633 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0639\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0628\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0633.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062e\u0631\u064a \u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631\u064a CIRSD (\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0629) \u060c \u0648\u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0634\u0628\u0643\u0629 \u062d\u0644\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0639\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0636 \u0628\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0643\u0648\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0628\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u0639\u0636\u0648 \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0634\u0628\u0643\u0629 \u062d\u0644\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 (SDSN). ).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0641\u064a \u0625\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627 \u060c \u0647\u0648 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627 \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633 REDS \u060c \u0648\u0634\u0628\u0643\u0629 SDSN \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633 \u062c\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629 Trobades \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0628\u064a\u0629 Mediterr\u00e0neas \u0648\u0645\u0631\u0648\u062c \u062a\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0623\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0643\u0627\u0645\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0628\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637\u064a \u0648\u062c\u0627\u0626\u0632\u0629 Trobades Albert Camus.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t <\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

ENGLISH | FRANCAIS<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":2,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-564","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"yoast_head":"\n\u0627\u0644\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 - Cordoba Peace Institute | \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/cpi-geneva.org\/ar\/advisory-committee\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"ar_AR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"\u0627\u0644\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 - Cordoba Peace Institute | \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"ENGLISH | FRANCAIS\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/cpi-geneva.org\/ar\/advisory-committee\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Cordoba Peace Institute | \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2024-06-18T12:59:59+00:00\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/cpi-geneva.org\\\/ar\\\/advisory-committee\\\/\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/cpi-geneva.org\\\/ar\\\/advisory-committee\\\/\",\"name\":\"\u0627\u0644\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 - 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